A new study has revealed a promising, environmentally friendly method for controlling destructive drywood termites. Researchers have shown that bistrifluron, a chemical targeting termite exoskeletons, can eliminate entire colonies, providing a safer alternative to the toxic fumigation methods currently used.

Drywood termites pose a significant threat to wooden structures, especially in California, where they infest homes directly.

(Choe/UCR, 2025 via Phys.org)

Bistrifluron offers a gentler alternative to standard treatments. It works by disrupting the production of chitin, a key component of a termite’s exoskeleton. When a termite attempts to molt—a necessary process for growth—it cannot form a new exoskeleton and ultimately dies.

In the study, termites that fed on bistrifluron-treated wood spread the chemical throughout the colony via food sharing. This process, while slower than fumigation, ensures the chemical reaches more termites, leading to the eventual collapse of the entire colony and providing long-term protection.

“Donor” termites share food and the bistrifluron chemical with their nestmates, ensuring widespread impact.

(Choe/UCR, 2025 via Phys.org)

The findings provide a new, low-impact strategy for termite control that minimizes environmental harm. Researchers are now focused on improving the practical application of bistrifluron, such as developing safer delivery methods that don’t rely on flammable solvents.