{"id":6852,"date":"2023-08-10T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=6852"},"modified":"2023-07-28T03:31:29","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T03:31:29","slug":"in-search-of-the-worlds-largest-freshwater-fish-the-wonderfully-weird-giants-lurking-in-earths-rivers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/in-search-of-the-worlds-largest-freshwater-fish-the-wonderfully-weird-giants-lurking-in-earths-rivers\/","title":{"rendered":"In search of the world\u2019s largest freshwater fish \u2013 the wonderfully weird giants lurking in Earth\u2019s rivers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n  <figure>\n    <img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536146\/original\/file-20230706-27-zfk4cs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;rect=357%2C393%2C3941%2C2417&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip\" >\n      <figcaption>\n        Alligator gar can grow to gargantuan sizes.\n        <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Zeb Hogan<\/span><\/span>\n      <\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n\n<span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/stefan-lovgren-1406170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stefan Lovgren<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-nevada-reno-1445\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Nevada, Reno<\/a><\/em><\/span>\n\n<p>Rivers have been the lifeblood of human civilization throughout history, and yet we know surprisingly little about what lives in many of them \u2013 including the giant creatures that prowl their depths.<\/p>\n\n<p>While we know the biggest animal in the ocean is the blue whale and the largest marine fish is the whale shark, the identity of the world\u2019s largest freshwater fish species long remained a mystery.<\/p>\n\n<p>Until 2022, that is, when fishers in Cambodia <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-61862169\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">caught a giant freshwater stingray<\/a> in the remote reaches of the Mekong River. <\/p>\n\n<p>Weighing an astounding 661 pounds, the stingray surpassed by 15 pounds a giant catfish caught in Thailand in 2005 that had previously been considered the unofficial record holder.<\/p>\n\n<p>The discovery marked a milestone in fish biologist Zeb Hogan\u2019s more than two-decade quest to study and protect giant freshwater fish. As a group, these megafish are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldwildlife.org\/stories\/one-third-of-freshwater-fish-face-extinction-and-other-freshwater-fish-facts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">among the most endangered<\/a> animals on the planet.<\/p>\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FprTA4lOMOk?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n            <figcaption><span class=\"caption\">The world\u2019s largest freshwater fish confirmed so far is a stingray caught in the Mekong River.<\/span><\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>Before releasing the female ray back into the river, Hogan\u2019s research team put an acoustic tracker on her. She has been sending back clues about stingrays\u2019 elusive behavior ever since.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"colossal-catfish-and-gargantuan-gars\">Colossal catfish and gargantuan gars<\/h2>\n\n<p>In a new book, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Chasing-Giants-Search-Largest-Freshwater\/dp\/1647790573\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chasing Giants:<\/a> In Search of the World\u2019s Largest Freshwater Fish,\u201d Hogan and I tell the troubling story of the 30 or so fish species that live exclusively in rivers and lakes and can grow to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/animals\/article\/wild-explorers-zeb-hogan-monster-fish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 200 pounds<\/a> or at least 6 feet (1.8 meters) long.<\/p>\n\n<p>Found on all continents except Antarctica, they are a wonderfully weird bunch of creatures, from colossal catfish and carp to gargantuan gars. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"A man in the water next to a giant catfish. The fish&#039;s giant eye appears to be looking toward the camera. The fish&#039;s head is far larger than the man&#039;s.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536168\/original\/file-20230706-24-puzybz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536168\/original\/file-20230706-24-puzybz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=427&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536168\/original\/file-20230706-24-puzybz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=427&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536168\/original\/file-20230706-24-puzybz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=427&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536168\/original\/file-20230706-24-puzybz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=536&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536168\/original\/file-20230706-24-puzybz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=536&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536168\/original\/file-20230706-24-puzybz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=536&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">The Mekong\u2019s giant catfish can grow to lengths and weights much larger than those of the humans catching them.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Zeb Hogan<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>But freshwater vertebrate populations have declined over the past five decades at <a href=\"https:\/\/wwf.panda.org\/discover\/our_focus\/freshwater_practice\/freshwater_biodiversity_222\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">twice the rate<\/a> experienced by species within terrestrial or marine ecosystems. Megafish numbers in particular fell by a shocking 94%, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.14753\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one study<\/a> of more than 200 large freshwater species.<\/p>\n\n<p>One of the largest species, the Chinese paddlefish, is <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.136242\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">believed to have gone extinct<\/a> sometime in the 2000s. \u201cThis is a fish that had been on Earth for more than 100 million years before disappearing in a flash,\u201d says Hogan, who used to host National Geographic\u2019s \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.natgeotv.com\/za\/shows\/natgeo\/monster-fish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monster Fish<\/a>\u201d television show and now leads a University of Nevada, Reno, research project I am involved with called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/cambodia\/fact-sheet\/wonders-mekong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wonders of the Mekong<\/a>, supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"Several preserved fish in a museum display, with the top one a long fish with a long snout.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536169\/original\/file-20230706-17-cgavp5.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536169\/original\/file-20230706-17-cgavp5.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536169\/original\/file-20230706-17-cgavp5.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536169\/original\/file-20230706-17-cgavp5.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536169\/original\/file-20230706-17-cgavp5.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536169\/original\/file-20230706-17-cgavp5.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536169\/original\/file-20230706-17-cgavp5.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">A specimen of Chinese paddlefish, <em>Psephurus gladius<\/em> (top), with other types of fish at the Tianjin Natural History Museum.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:A_specimen_of_Psephurus_gladius_with_a_few_sort_of_fish,_Tianjin_Natural_History_Museum.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Calliston3\/Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA<\/a><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>The importance of very large fish to freshwater ecosystems has been woefully understudied. Many giant freshwater fish are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/animal-facts\/apex-predators-what-they-are\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">apex predators<\/a> that can have profound effects on the ecosystems in which they live by keeping their prey populations in check and maintaining biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"whats-killing-off-the-megafish\">What\u2019s killing off the megafish<\/h2>\n\n<p>The decline of giant freshwater fish is due to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/freshwater-threats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">human impacts<\/a>, such as overfishing, dam building and climate change.<\/p>\n\n<p>Large fish are disproportionately targeted by fishing. Since many of these species are slow to mature, they may never reach the age to reproduce. Dam building is <a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2020\/07\/migratory-freshwater-fish-in-peril-as-report-shows-population-plunge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another major threat<\/a>, because large fish often need to make long migrations to complete their life cycles, and a new dam can block their migration paths.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"Two men stand beside a giant fish much longer than they are. On its side, its body is as high as a man&#039;s knee.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536229\/original\/file-20230707-16-znrg45.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536229\/original\/file-20230707-16-znrg45.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536229\/original\/file-20230707-16-znrg45.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536229\/original\/file-20230707-16-znrg45.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536229\/original\/file-20230707-16-znrg45.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536229\/original\/file-20230707-16-znrg45.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536229\/original\/file-20230707-16-znrg45.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">This 646-pound Mekong giant catfish was caught in 2005.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Suthep Kritsanavarin<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>In the Mekong, where more giant fish species are found <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1641\/0006-3568(2005)055%5B1041:OOIW%5D2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">than in any other river<\/a>, climate change is causing more severe droughts and disrupting the monsoon seasons that govern the river\u2019s essential flood regime.<\/p>\n\n<p>There are signs that interest in freshwater species is gaining momentum, including increasing calls to explicitly include freshwater ecosystems in the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/protecting-30-of-earths-surface-for-nature-means-thinking-about-connections-near-and-far-180296\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30&#215;30 initiative<\/a>, a global effort to set aside 30% of land and sea area for conservation by 2030. So far, however, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/inside-the-plan-to-save-some-of-the-biggest-freshwater-fish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conservation efforts<\/a> to protect endangered giant freshwater fish species are mostly regional. <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"alligator-gars-and-sturgeon-make-a-comeback\">Alligator gars and sturgeon make a comeback<\/h2>\n\n<p>Although the outlook for most giant fish remains grim, some species, like <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.00887\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the air-breathing arapaima<\/a> in South America, may be bucking the trend.<\/p>\n\n<p>The arapaima, a torpedo-shaped giant that can grow to lengths of more than 12 feet, has long been overharvested by fishers in the Amazon, where it\u2019s known as the Amazonian cod. But <a href=\"https:\/\/freshwaterblog.net\/2019\/01\/14\/community-based-conservation-of-arapaima-and-giant-turtles-in-the-amazon-basin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stricter fishing regulations<\/a> introduced by Indigenous communities appear to have led to populations\u2019 rebounding in many places.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"A large fish with a flat head and scales that look like shell imprints in sand swims underwater.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536190\/original\/file-20230707-17-17u4zh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536190\/original\/file-20230707-17-17u4zh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536190\/original\/file-20230707-17-17u4zh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536190\/original\/file-20230707-17-17u4zh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536190\/original\/file-20230707-17-17u4zh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536190\/original\/file-20230707-17-17u4zh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536190\/original\/file-20230707-17-17u4zh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Arapaima, found in South America, are often over 200 pounds and can grow much larger.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Zeb Hogan<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>In the United States, <a href=\"https:\/\/tpwd.texas.gov\/fishboat\/fish\/management\/alligator-gar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the alligator gar<\/a>, another air-breathing megafish, was once largely considered a \u201ctrash fish\u201d thought to devour game fish, so it was systematically exterminated from much of its southern range. But then scientists began to study the species and found it was an important contributor to ecosystem functions. Today, alligator gar populations have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.texasmonthly.com\/travel\/all-hail-the-alligator-gar-a-giant-and-primordial-river-monster\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bounced back<\/a> in rivers like the Trinity in Texas.<\/p>\n\n<p>A similar case involves the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/animals\/fish\/facts\/lake-sturgeon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lake sturgeon<\/a>, one of the few true freshwater sturgeons, whose populations in Wisconsin have benefited from <a href=\"https:\/\/dnr.wisconsin.gov\/topic\/Fishing\/sturgeon\/SturgeonInlandFishery.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long-term conservation efforts<\/a> and science-driven management that includes strictly regulated seasonal recreational fishing.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"protecting-the-giants-of-the-mekong\">Protecting the giants of the Mekong<\/h2>\n\n<p>Back in Cambodia, our Wonders of the Mekong project is raising public awareness about the plight of the megafish, and we are working closely with local fishers to encourage them to protect threatened species.<\/p>\n\n<p>In an example of those efforts\u2019 paying off, fishers in early 2023 caught a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wwf.org.kh\/projects_and_reports2\/endangered_species\/fish\/mekong_giant_catfish\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mekong giant catfish<\/a> weighing more than 200 pounds. Instead of killing it and selling the meat for a sizable profit, the fishers decided to release the fish in an elaborate ceremony in which it was sprinkled with flowers before it was let go.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"People fill the prow of a large fishing boat as people release a very big fish into the water below from a tarp.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536150\/original\/file-20230706-16-yjmdkg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536150\/original\/file-20230706-16-yjmdkg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536150\/original\/file-20230706-16-yjmdkg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536150\/original\/file-20230706-16-yjmdkg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536150\/original\/file-20230706-16-yjmdkg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536150\/original\/file-20230706-16-yjmdkg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536150\/original\/file-20230706-16-yjmdkg.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">The giant catfish released into the Mekong River with a ceremony in early 2023.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Wonders of the Mekong<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>In recent months, our project has also reintroduced into the Mekong rare giant catfish that were captured as young fish and raised in Cambodia, and giant barb, another critically endangered megafish species that historically has grown to 600 pounds. <\/p>\n\n<p>While giant freshwater stingray numbers have plummeted in other parts of its native Southeast Asian range, the population appears to be relatively robust in the upper stretches of the Mekong River in Cambodia where the record ray was discovered. Data collected from that female, and reported <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4441\/15\/10\/1936\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in a study<\/a> I co-authored, shows it is staying in much the same location, leading researchers to believe the area could be an important refuge for the stingrays and possibly other megafish.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"A close up of the head of a sting ray shows the large breathing openings and smaller eyes.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536148\/original\/file-20230706-15-a89wwd.JPEG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536148\/original\/file-20230706-15-a89wwd.JPEG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536148\/original\/file-20230706-15-a89wwd.JPEG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536148\/original\/file-20230706-15-a89wwd.JPEG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536148\/original\/file-20230706-15-a89wwd.JPEG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536148\/original\/file-20230706-15-a89wwd.JPEG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/536148\/original\/file-20230706-15-a89wwd.JPEG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Giant freshwater stingray like this one can breath air.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Stefan Lovgren<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>Long-standing plans by the Cambodian government to build two large dams on this section of the river appear to have been scrapped, at least for now. At the end of 2022, the government instead put forth <a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2022\/12\/cambodia-seeks-unesco-world-heritage-status-to-protect-a-mekong-biodiversity-hotspot\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a proposal<\/a> to turn the biodiverse stretch of the river, which is also home to a critically endangered population of Irrawaddy river dolphins, into a <a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/faq\/19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UNESCO World Heritage site<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>While the record stingray is big, it might not be the largest of this species of ray in the Mekong. Local fishers speak of rays growing up to 200 pounds heavier.<\/p>\n\n<p>It\u2019s also possible the giant stingray is not the largest freshwater fish species. Research on the arapaima, for example, suggests it could grow <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0165783620302095\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as big, or even bigger<\/a>, in places like Guyana. But, as Hogan says, \u201cIt\u2019s not about finding the biggest fish. It\u2019s about learning more about these amazing creatures to figure out how to better protect them.\u201d<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"The Conversation\"  width=\"1\"  height=\"1\"  style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\"  referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/207472\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" ><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/stefan-lovgren-1406170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stefan Lovgren<\/a>, Research Scientist in River Ecosystems, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-nevada-reno-1445\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Nevada, Reno<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/in-search-of-the-worlds-largest-freshwater-fish-the-wonderfully-weird-giants-lurking-in-earths-rivers-207472\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Alligator gar can grow to gargantuan sizes. Zeb Hogan Stefan Lovgren, University of Nevada, Reno Rivers have been&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":555,"featured_media":6806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[193,688,812,474],"class_list":{"0":"post-6852","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-nature","8":"tag-conservation","9":"tag-fish","10":"tag-freshwater","11":"tag-the-conversation","12":"cs-entry","13":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/555"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6852"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6853,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6852\/revisions\/6853"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}