{"id":5130,"date":"2022-11-24T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-24T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=5130"},"modified":"2022-11-12T16:59:03","modified_gmt":"2022-11-12T16:59:03","slug":"a-kung-fu-kick-led-researchers-to-the-worlds-oldest-complete-fish-fossils-heres-what-they-found","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/a-kung-fu-kick-led-researchers-to-the-worlds-oldest-complete-fish-fossils-heres-what-they-found\/","title":{"rendered":"A kung-fu kick led researchers to the world\u2019s oldest complete fish fossils \u2013 here\u2019s what they found"},"content":{"rendered":"\n  <figure>\n    <img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486470\/original\/file-20220926-14-8xjh44.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;rect=0%2C0%2C3425%2C1654&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip\" >\n      <figcaption>\n        \n        <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Heming Zhang<\/span>, <span class=\"license\">Author provided<\/span><\/span>\n      <\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n\n<span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/john-long-98402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Long<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/flinders-university-972\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flinders University<\/a><\/em><\/span>\n\n<p>Some of the world\u2019s most significant fossil discoveries have come from China. These include amazing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/animals\/article\/160405-dinosaurs-feathers-birds-museum-new-york-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">feathered dinosaurs<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/wbna44259687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earliest modern mammals<\/a>, and some of the <a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/1388\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oldest-known animals on Earth<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Today, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-05136-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">four<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04897-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-05166-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">papers<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-05233-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published<\/a> in Nature carry on this tradition by revealing the world\u2019s oldest well-preserved jawed fishes, dating between 436 million and 439 million years ago to the start of the Silurian period. <\/p>\n\n<p>The fossil discoveries all come from new fossil sites in the Guizhou and Chongqing Provinces in China. The Chongqing site was found in 2019, when three young Chinese palaeontologists were play fighting, and one was kung-fu kicked into the outcrop. Rocks tumbled down, revealing a spectacular fossil inside. <\/p>\n\n<p>The research teams behind the papers are led by <a href=\"http:\/\/sourcedb.ivpp.cas.cn\/yw\/rckyw\/200908\/t20090811_2364087.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zhu Min<\/a> of the Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology in Beijing. Min told me:<\/p>\n\n<blockquote>\n<p>The discovery of the Chongqing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/earth-and-planetary-sciences\/lagerstatte\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lagerstatte<\/a> (a \u201clagerstatte\u201d is a fossil site of exceptional preservation) is indeed an unbelievable miracle of fossil hunting. Suddenly we realised we have found a jaw-dropping lagerstatte. We are now close to the core of untangling the fishy tree of early jawed vertebrates.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/v218qXlus_4?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n            \n          <\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"what-kinds-of-fishes-were-they\">What kinds of fishes were they?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Most fishes today fall into two main groups: <\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>the <a href=\"https:\/\/ucmp.berkeley.edu\/vertebrates\/basalfish\/chondrintro.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chondrichthyans<\/a> (which includes sharks, rays and chimaerids) have cartilaginous skeletons<\/li>\n<li>and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/osteichthyes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">osteichthyans<\/a> (bony fishes such as trout) have bone forming the skeleton.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The origins of these living fish groups are now much clearer due to the new findings of the oldest complete fishes from China. <\/p>\n\n<p>These were shark-like fishes. Some were <a href=\"https:\/\/ucmp.berkeley.edu\/vertebrates\/basalfish\/placodermi.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">placoderms<\/a>, an extinct class of armoured fish that had bony plates forming a solid shield around the head and trunk. <\/p>\n\n<p>Others were ancestral kinds of sharks called acanthodians. These are extinct forms of \u201cstem-sharks\u201d that evolved as a separate branch \u2013 or stem \u2013 of the evolutionary line that led to modern sharks.<\/p>\n\n<p>Placoderms are the earliest-known jawed vertebrates. Researching them is important as they help reveal the origins of many parts of the human body (including our <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/we-found-the-oldest-ever-vertebrate-fossil-heart-it-tells-a-380-million-year-old-story-of-how-our-bodies-evolved-190230\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hearts<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/hello-fish-face-a-fossil-fish-reveals-the-origins-of-the-face-22976\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">faces<\/a>). <\/p>\n\n<p>A small flattened placoderm called <em>Xiushanosteus<\/em>, about three centimetres long, is the most common fish found at the new Chongqing site.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/485763\/original\/file-20220921-16-86cwmb.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/485763\/original\/file-20220921-16-86cwmb.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=299&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/485763\/original\/file-20220921-16-86cwmb.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=299&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/485763\/original\/file-20220921-16-86cwmb.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=299&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/485763\/original\/file-20220921-16-86cwmb.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=376&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/485763\/original\/file-20220921-16-86cwmb.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=376&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/485763\/original\/file-20220921-16-86cwmb.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=376&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">The very small <em>Xuishanosteus<\/em> is the oldest-known placoderm fish. It shows features typical of later forms from the Devonian period.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Heming Zhang<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>Its skull shows paired bones which reflect those on top of our own heads. Frontal and parietal bones have their origin in these fishes. Zhu You-an, who led the study on these fishes, told me: <\/p>\n\n<blockquote>\n<p>All the things are still like dreams. Today we are staring at complete early Silurian fishes, 11 million years earlier than the previous oldest finds! These are both the most exciting, as well as the most challenging fossils I have had the privilege to work on!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486464\/original\/file-20220926-23-jjbzg8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486464\/original\/file-20220926-23-jjbzg8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486464\/original\/file-20220926-23-jjbzg8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486464\/original\/file-20220926-23-jjbzg8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486464\/original\/file-20220926-23-jjbzg8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486464\/original\/file-20220926-23-jjbzg8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486464\/original\/file-20220926-23-jjbzg8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Zhu Min and the team collected Silurian fossils on a rainy day in Chongqing.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Zhu Min et al.<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"the-worlds-oldest-sharks-and-teeth\">The world\u2019s oldest sharks and teeth<\/h2>\n\n<p>The new papers also describe the oldest complete shark-like fish, named <em>Shenacanthus<\/em>. It has a body shape similar to other prehistoric <a href=\"https:\/\/www.the-scientist.com\/the-nutshell\/sharks-may-have-evolved-from-acanthodians-31858\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acanthodians<\/a> (or stem-sharks) \u2013 but differs in having thick plates forming armour around it, as seen in placoderms. <\/p>\n\n<p>The fact that <em>Shenacanthus<\/em> shares the features of both acanthodians and placoderms suggests these two groups evolved from similar ancestral stock. That said, <em>Shenacanthus<\/em> retains typical shark-like fin spines so it\u2019s not regarded a placoderm, but a chondrichthyan (the group including today\u2019s cartilaginous sharks).<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486466\/original\/file-20220926-25-ingioe.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486466\/original\/file-20220926-25-ingioe.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=208&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486466\/original\/file-20220926-25-ingioe.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=208&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486466\/original\/file-20220926-25-ingioe.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=208&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486466\/original\/file-20220926-25-ingioe.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=262&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486466\/original\/file-20220926-25-ingioe.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=262&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486466\/original\/file-20220926-25-ingioe.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=262&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\"><em>Shenacanthus<\/em> is shown restored here. It\u2019s the oldest chondrichthyan fish known by more than just scales.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Heming Zhang<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>The research also reveals the oldest-known teeth of any vertebrate \u2013 at least 14 million years older than any previous findings. Coming from a fossil chondrichthyan named <em>Qianodus<\/em>, the teeth are arranged as coiled rows called \u201cwhorls\u201d. Such tooth whorls are common at the junction of the jaws in many ancient sharks and some early bony fishes such as <em>Onychodus<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486455\/original\/file-20220926-11-3ixjga.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486455\/original\/file-20220926-11-3ixjga.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=280&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486455\/original\/file-20220926-11-3ixjga.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=280&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486455\/original\/file-20220926-11-3ixjga.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=280&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486455\/original\/file-20220926-11-3ixjga.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=352&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486455\/original\/file-20220926-11-3ixjga.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=352&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486455\/original\/file-20220926-11-3ixjga.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=352&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">A reconstruction of Qianodus (left), an early fossil chondrichthyan that shows the oldest evidence of teeth in any vertebrate.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Heming Zhang (artwork) \/ Plamen Andreev (CT image).<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>The researchers also found another early stem shark called <em>Fangjinshania<\/em> at the new site in Giuzhou. More than 300 kilograms of rock were collected and dissolved in weak acetic acid to free thousands of microscopic bits of bone and teeth. <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Fangjinshania<\/em> resembles a stem shark called <em>Climatius<\/em> known to have lived about 30 million years later in Europe and North America. <em>Fangjinshania<\/em> lived as far back as 436 million years ago, which tells us the fossil record of such sharks is much older than we previously thought. <\/p>\n\n<p>Both <em>Fangjinshania<\/em> and <em>Qianodus<\/em> were about 10cm-15cm long, making them many times larger than the placoderms and the <em>Shenacanthus<\/em>. They would have been the top predators in their ancient ecosystem, and the world\u2019s first predators armed with sharp teeth. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486467\/original\/file-20220926-19-3bo2d7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486467\/original\/file-20220926-19-3bo2d7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=208&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486467\/original\/file-20220926-19-3bo2d7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=208&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486467\/original\/file-20220926-19-3bo2d7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=208&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486467\/original\/file-20220926-19-3bo2d7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=262&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486467\/original\/file-20220926-19-3bo2d7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=262&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486467\/original\/file-20220926-19-3bo2d7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=262&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\"><em>Fanjingshania<\/em> provides evidence all jawed vertebrates probably underwent a great evolutionary \u2018radiation\u2019 (major diversification) in the Ordovician period, more than 450 million years ago.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Heming Zhang<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>Plamen Andreev, the lead author on two of the new papers, told me: <\/p>\n\n<blockquote>\n<p>These new finds give support to the idea that older fossil shark-like scales found in the Ordovician period could now really be called sharks.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<h2 id=\"from-fins-to-limbs\">From fins to limbs<\/h2>\n\n<p>Another interesting discovery from these fossils concerns how paired limbs in vertebrates first evolved. A new jaw-less fish called <em>Tujiiaspis<\/em> now shows the primitive condition of paired fins before they separated into pectoral and pelvic fins \u2013 the forerunner to arms and legs.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pectoral fins were thought to have evolved in jawless fishes called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.miguasha.ca\/mig-en\/osteostracans.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">osteostracans<\/a>, then pelvic fins later in placoderms. But the new <em>Tujiiaspis<\/em> fossil suggests both sets of fins could have evolved at the <a href=\"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dvdy.192\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">same time from fin folds<\/a> that run along the body and end at the tail fin. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486459\/original\/file-20220926-20-47e0ha.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486459\/original\/file-20220926-20-47e0ha.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=444&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486459\/original\/file-20220926-20-47e0ha.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=444&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486459\/original\/file-20220926-20-47e0ha.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=444&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486459\/original\/file-20220926-20-47e0ha.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=558&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486459\/original\/file-20220926-20-47e0ha.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=558&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486459\/original\/file-20220926-20-47e0ha.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=558&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\"><em>Tujiaaspis<\/em> fossil (left) and drawing showing its main features.  Note the heavy rows of scales that define the lateral \u2018fin fold\u2019 area along the body, right down to the tail.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Zhikun Gai et al.<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"when-was-the-first-radiation-of-the-jawed-fishes\">When was the first radiation of the jawed fishes?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Finally, all these discoveries reveal that the first great major \u201cradiation\u201d of the jawed vertebrate (which refers to an explosion in diversity) took place much earlier than anyone imagined. Ivan Sansom from the University of Birmingham was a coauthor on one of the papers. As Sansom notes:<\/p>\n\n<blockquote>\n<p>We\u2019ve had hints of older material previously, but the appearance of clearly defined remains from jawed vertebrates so close to the base of the Silurian suggests jawed and jaw-less fish coexisted for longer than previously thought. There is now evidence for an earlier radiation of sharks and other jawed fish in the Ordovician period.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<p>The four papers have shaken up the evolutionary tree, and new diagrams are showing revised hypotheses of the relationships between living fishes. Zhu Min informed me it will take many years to complete the studies on the new fossils, with several new species not yet having been described in the papers. <\/p>\n\n<p>We\u2019ll have to wait patiently for the next exciting discoveries to be announced from these extraordinary fossil sites.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"The Conversation\"  width=\"1\"  height=\"1\"  style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\"  referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/190749\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" ><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/487000\/original\/file-20220928-14-21xybu.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/487000\/original\/file-20220928-14-21xybu.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/487000\/original\/file-20220928-14-21xybu.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/487000\/original\/file-20220928-14-21xybu.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/487000\/original\/file-20220928-14-21xybu.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/487000\/original\/file-20220928-14-21xybu.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/487000\/original\/file-20220928-14-21xybu.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/487000\/original\/file-20220928-14-21xybu.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" ><\/a>\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">The tiny <em>Xiushanosteus<\/em> is one of five new fossil fishes described in new research.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Heming Zhang<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/john-long-98402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Long<\/a>, Strategic Professor in Palaeontology, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/flinders-university-972\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flinders University<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/a-kung-fu-kick-led-researchers-to-the-worlds-oldest-complete-fish-fossils-heres-what-they-found-190749\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Heming Zhang, Author provided John Long, Flinders University Some of the world\u2019s most significant fossil discoveries have come&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":5095,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[180,25,474],"class_list":{"0":"post-5130","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-nature","8":"tag-fossil","9":"tag-paleontology","10":"tag-the-conversation","11":"cs-entry","12":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5130"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5131,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5130\/revisions\/5131"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5095"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}