{"id":4094,"date":"2022-04-27T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-27T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=4094"},"modified":"2022-04-12T08:05:45","modified_gmt":"2022-04-12T08:05:45","slug":"the-spider-that-looks-like-bird-poo-and-other-amazing-and-gross-tricks-animals-deploy-to-survive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/the-spider-that-looks-like-bird-poo-and-other-amazing-and-gross-tricks-animals-deploy-to-survive\/","title":{"rendered":"The spider that looks like bird poo \u2013 and other amazing (and gross) tricks animals deploy to survive"},"content":{"rendered":"\n  <figure>\n    <img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456517\/original\/file-20220406-14-eau0by.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;rect=6%2C0%2C2038%2C1459&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip\" >\n      <figcaption>\n        \n        <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Flickr<\/span><\/span>\n      <\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n\n<span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/romane-h-cristescu-421347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Romane H. Cristescu<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-the-sunshine-coast-1068\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of the Sunshine Coast<\/a><\/em><\/span>\n\n<p>Animals do all sorts of disgusting things. While these gross behaviours might turn our stomachs, they\u2019re often crucial to an animal\u2019s survival.<\/p>\n\n<p>I and my colleague Nic Gill have done the dirty work, and collected a bunch of unexpected facts about how these behaviours help animals live their best lives: \nmaking a home, finding mates and food, and surviving predators. <\/p>\n\n<p>Our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publish.csiro.au\/book\/8021\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new<\/a> book \u2013 titled <em>Poo, Spew and other Gross Things Animals Do<\/em> \u2013 is aimed at kids, but much of it will be news to adults, too.<\/p>\n\n<p>So what does it take to survive and thrive in the wild? It\u2019s not always about being the biggest and fiercest. Many animals have evolved much more entertaining \u2013 if not impolite \u2013 strategies for evolutionary success. <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"grossness-in-love-and-self-defence\">Grossness in love (and self-defence)<\/h2>\n\n<p>For wild animals, finding a mate is no laughing matter. But the lengths to which some animals will go to obtain one can be.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Female lobsters wee on their potential mates\u2019 face for an invitation into their lairs. Even stranger, a lobster\u2019s bladder sits below their brain \u2013 so the wee <a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/10.1086\/BBLv185n2p319\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">squirts from<\/a> their face.<\/p>\n\n<p>Hippopotamuses, meanwhile, have become YouTube sensations for their rather unpleasant \u201cdung showering\u201d behaviour. Hippos spin their stumpy tails to propel a mixture of wee and poo up to ten metres \u2013 using the technique to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/current-biology\/fulltext\/S0960-9822(21)01693-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mark their territory<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Hippos have also been observed flinging poo directly into their love interests\u2019 face during courtship.<\/p>\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/V7_gUS-60Xo?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n            \n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>Living in the wild can be tough. Unless you\u2019re a top predator, something, somewhere nearby, probably wants to eat you. <\/p>\n\n<p>Some animals are fast enough to run away from predators \u2013 or, like echidnas, protect themselves with armour. <\/p>\n\n<p>Others have developed more revolting survival strategies. Sperm whales for example, are known to defecate into the water \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/newsbeat-30958073\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">for a startling length of time<\/a>\u201d . This creates a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/au.whales.org\/2015\/01\/23\/sperm-whale-poo-nado-murky-waters-but-clear-signal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">poo-nado<\/a>\u201d \u2013 a cloud of excrement that conceals them from perceived attackers (or unlucky snorkelers!). <\/p>\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZcQI9VNONgg?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n            \n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>And some spiders have taken advantage of the fact that birds, unlike some other animals, don\u2019t like to eat their own excrement. <\/p>\n\n<p>As its name suggests, the <a href=\"https:\/\/australian.museum\/learn\/animals\/spiders\/bird-dropping-spider\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bird-dropping spider<\/a> has evolved to protect itself from bird predators by looking like bird poo.<\/p>\n\n<p>The spider bears a black, brown and white colour pattern and a squat shape. It sits still on leaves and other exposed locations during the day, tricking predators into assuming its a blob of poo.<\/p>\n\n<p>But if there was a competition for most repulsive yet effective self-defence mechanisms, it would go to <a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full\/10.1098\/rsbl.2012.0124?rss=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eurasian roller chicks<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>When frightened, these baby birds spew a foul-smelling orange liquid all over their aggressor, and themselves. This not only deters the predator, it warns the birds\u2019 parents of danger around. Vomit as as emergency beacon \u2013 who knew? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"bird flies to chick in tree\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456518\/original\/file-20220406-20-nqfjeq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456518\/original\/file-20220406-20-nqfjeq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456518\/original\/file-20220406-20-nqfjeq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456518\/original\/file-20220406-20-nqfjeq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456518\/original\/file-20220406-20-nqfjeq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=502&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456518\/original\/file-20220406-20-nqfjeq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=502&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456518\/original\/file-20220406-20-nqfjeq.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=502&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Eurasian roller chicks have a unique way of warning their parents of danger.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Shutterstock<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"poo-detectives\">Poo detectives<\/h2>\n\n<p>Scats (poo) and reject-pellets (spew) contain a surprising wealth of <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-can-you-learn-from-studying-an-animals-scat-126307\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">information<\/a> for researchers looking at hard-to-study species.<\/p>\n\n<p>The presence of poo or spew can help researchers determine where in the landscape a species lives \u2013 especially when, like in the case of wombats\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-do-wombats-do-cube-shaped-poo-55975\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cube-shaped poo<\/a>, it\u2019s  helpfully engineered to not roll away.<\/p>\n\n<p>Poo and spew can also reveal important information about an animal\u2019s diet, through identification of the bones or genetic material present. Taking this to the next step, info from poo and spew has even been used to describe whole ecosystems. <\/p>\n\n<p>For example, scientists have used owl spew to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publish.csiro.au\/wr\/WR13041\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">monitor<\/a> the threatened mammals present where the bird lives. And information on an animal\u2019s disease status and gut microbiome can all be extracted <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.2193\/0022-541X(2005)69%5B1419:NGSTFW%5D2.0.CO;2?casa_token=uNbgwNzo7E4AAAAA:pHwBTGJjHbWqgAPf1zkZ5jXsKPGFyZmSdEWiSIkBVNZKBUr1mD-0KwqioV16x8GDGRjLd2XntinPZ5w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">from poo and spew<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>These methods also have the benefit of being non-invasive \u2013 meaning researchers can check an animal\u2019s health without physically handling it.<\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/koala-detecting-dogs-sniff-out-flaws-in-australias-threatened-species-protection-121118\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Conservation dogs<\/a> are becoming an increasingly popular method of detecting these data-rich, smelly goldmines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"animal poo on rock\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456521\/original\/file-20220406-14-gw7t0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456521\/original\/file-20220406-14-gw7t0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456521\/original\/file-20220406-14-gw7t0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456521\/original\/file-20220406-14-gw7t0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456521\/original\/file-20220406-14-gw7t0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456521\/original\/file-20220406-14-gw7t0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/456521\/original\/file-20220406-14-gw7t0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Wombats leave curiously cube-shaped poo.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Shutterstock<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"3-more-poo-particulars\">3 more poo particulars<\/h2>\n\n<p>Still unconvinced by the power of poo? Consider these facts:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>1. Creating white sandy beaches:<\/strong> Parrot fish have some of the <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsnano.7b05044\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">strongest teeth<\/a> in the animal kingdom, which they use to graze on coral. Their digestive system turns it into fine white sand, meaning parrot fish poo helps create <a href=\"https:\/\/ocean.si.edu\/ocean-life\/fish\/tough-teeth-and-parrotfish-poop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">beautiful beach destinations<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>2. Threatening the outdoor dining scene:<\/strong> In the 1950s, scientists realised native beetles were uninterested in eating poo from introduced cows. This left the country covered in cow poo \u2013 a perfect breeding ground for disease-carrying flies.<\/p>\n\n<p>At one stage, flies were so numerous that outside dining was forbidden to protect public health. Eventually, poo-eating dung beetles were <a href=\"https:\/\/csiropedia.csiro.au\/bornemissza-george-francis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flown in<\/a> from overseas to solve the problem.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>3. Cooling the planet:<\/strong> Researchers have shown <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/how-bird-poop-helps-keep-arctic-cool-180961129\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bird poo<\/a> can help fight climate change. They discovered that in the Arctic, ammonia produced from tons of seabird poo helps form clouds that can partially block sunlight.<\/p>\n\n<p>So now you know a little about how grossness makes the animal world go round. Feel free to share these tidbits with your friends \u2013 though perhaps not while they\u2019re eating.<\/p>\n\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.publish.csiro.au\/book\/8021\/#:%7E:text=over%20the%20world.-,Take%20a%20deep%20breath%20and%20step%20into%20the%20world%20of,book%20are%20amazing%E2%80%A6%20and%20revolting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Poo, Spew and other Gross Things Animals Do<\/a> by Nic Gill and Romane Cristescu, illustrated by Rachel Tribout, is published by CSIRO Publishing.<\/em><!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"The Conversation\"  width=\"1\"  height=\"1\"  style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/179507\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" ><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/romane-h-cristescu-421347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Romane H. Cristescu<\/a>, Posdoc in Ecology, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-the-sunshine-coast-1068\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of the Sunshine Coast<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-spider-that-looks-like-bird-poo-and-other-amazing-and-gross-tricks-animals-deploy-to-survive-179507\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Flickr Romane H. Cristescu, University of the Sunshine Coast Animals do all sorts of disgusting things. While these&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":4096,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[474],"class_list":{"0":"post-4094","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-nature","8":"tag-the-conversation","9":"cs-entry","10":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4094","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4094"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4097,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4094\/revisions\/4097"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4094"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}