{"id":3202,"date":"2021-11-10T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-10T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=3202"},"modified":"2021-10-28T09:21:42","modified_gmt":"2021-10-28T09:21:42","slug":"a-blind-woman-regains-some-vision-using-brain-implants-in-a-landmark-first","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/a-blind-woman-regains-some-vision-using-brain-implants-in-a-landmark-first\/","title":{"rendered":"A Blind Woman Regains Some Vision Using Brain Implants In a Landmark First"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>A 42-year-old woman named Bernardeta G\u00f3mez, from Elche, Spain, was diagnosed with <em>toxic optic neuropathy<\/em>, a condition that slowly ruined the <em>optic nerves<\/em> connecting the eye to the brain in as little as two days. The rapid deterioration of her eyesight forced her to stop her teaching profession in the sciences, and changed her life ever since.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, things are looking quite bright for Berna\u2019s future, so to speak: a newly-developed brain implant allowed her to recognize two-dimensional shapes and some characters\u2014a landmark first for the research field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/XfKTB0dU68oOxi29vRsxawWji8j9-ktYZm-wW1Iam8aOM7haHggWGEGcsAd0qBCMfVtGpWEpRyeOIGxdk_GX60OgRK--6_dCvvXcI4DSp_s28hjesx9PKfBdzca95ehyz3P5OPp4\" ><figcaption> G\u00f3mez, 42, was pictured here wearing glasses equipped with a small video camera. The entire setup is part of the brain implant setup, called the Moran|Cortivis Prosthesis. (University of Utah, 2021) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The study comes as part of the latest developments in the search for aiding the visually-impaired, and follows the trail led by earlier explorations into the effort; one such study was the news piece from earlier this year, which saw similar results for <a href=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/algal-genes-and-gene-therapy-help-blind-man-recover-some-vision\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a patient diagnosed with <em>retinitis pigmentosa<\/em>, but was aided with the help of gene therapy and genes from algae<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The effort was a collaboration between the University of Utah\u2019s John A. Moran Eye Center and the Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University from Spain, with the new implant referred to as a \u201cprosthesis hardwired into [the patient\u2019s] brain,\u201d according to the University of Utah\u2019s official Twitter account.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Brain implant enables blind woman to see simple shapes.<br><br>A team of scientists from <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MoranEyeCenter?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@MoranEyeCenter<\/a> and Spain\u2019s Miguel Hernandez University successfully created a form of artificial vision for a blind woman using a prosthesis hardwired into her brain.<br><br>? <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/wIflDbYDLP\">https:\/\/t.co\/wIflDbYDLP<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/p8nUfvHQvL\">pic.twitter.com\/p8nUfvHQvL<\/a><\/p>&mdash; University of Utah (@UUtah) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/UUtah\/status\/1453440640625176576?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">October 27, 2021<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Gomez herself made the decision to join the groundbreaking program back in 2018, when she bravely decided to become part of the study and become the first-ever patient of the <em>Moran|Cortivis Prosthesis<\/em> support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike earlier attempts at addressing visual impairment like retinal implants, the novel method went straight at the source and decided to attach the necessary implants directly into the <em>visual cortex<\/em>, a region of the brain known as the site for visual processing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The implant itself contained some 100 \u201cmicroneedles\u201d attached to a very tiny electrode sized at about 4 mm on each side. The procedure was designed in such a way that the implant would be placed directly on her brain, around the area of the visual cortex, then be taken out some six (6) months after being placed in it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/rMiyf3n3032k7Shd3dGuBUyFOv-9zM7FzhBx8z7zUnrM6TMRbwkdEhJXCGSVWFJ_hGtS1dBUNLGvAj6bdd0YjuqYbgh_ritnok5wbAL3JLDHPoLyPSKasUC3TFaDcdeUUJ3iSczz\" ><figcaption> The procedure went as follows: the implant developed was inserted straight into G\u00f3mez\u2019s visual cortex, which allowed her to visually recognize characters and discern certain shapes. (John A. Moran Eye Center at the University of Utah) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The six months G\u00f3mez spent with the Moran|Cortivis Prosthesis wasn\u2019t just for naught; she spent the first two months discerning which of the bright spots she was seeing was stimulated by the implant, and which were just the usual spontaneous flashes she was occasionally seeing before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Afterwards, much of her time was spent on proper visual challenges to determine if the implant truly had a beneficial effect for G\u00f3mez. She was asked to identify the implant-induced light patterns, called <em>phosphenes<\/em>, and was asked to discern between closely-spaced dots and straight lines. G\u00f3mez happily exclaimed &#8220;I can see something!&#8221; during one of her first tests with the implant back in 2018; these tests can be viewed in video from <a href=\"https:\/\/healthcare.utah.edu\/moran\/news\/2021\/10\/publication-artificial-vision.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the John A. Moran Eye Center\u2019s own news piece on their remarkable effort<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00f3mez reportedly struggled with vertical lines the most, as they were the hardest patterns to induce using the implant; despite these challenges, however, she was able to discern between horizontal and vertical patterns with 100% accuracy. Further studies with the phosphenes G\u00f3mez saw allowed the researchers to determine that the size and appearance of the phosphenes were also affected by the spatial distribution of the active components being triggered on the implant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During the last month of testing, G\u00f3mez was able to discern between letters like I, C, and L, among others, by activating some 16 components in the implant but in different patterns. Further studies into the matter may also allow the researchers to determine which patterns allow patients to discern the rest of the character of the alphabet using this methodology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The last portion of the study involved G\u00f3mez wearing specially-made glasses, equipped with a small video camera, which viewed the world around her then translated the visual data into activation patterns for the implant, giving G\u00f3mez a \u201csimple\u201d view of the world\u2014the first she\u2019s had in over sixteen years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In doing so, G\u00f3mez was able to locate and identify black and white pieces of cardboard placed in front of her, with further practice making her speed at identifying the items even faster. No negative side effects, including seizures or neural death, were also identified\u2014an extremely good sign for the potential longevity of the implant inside patients\u2019 bodies, and suggesting more widespread optical applications for the new device.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The electrode arrays, now termed \u201cUtah Electrode Arrays,\u201d have also been placed on other parts of the body to assist in controlling artificial limbs; new studies show that the device exhibits a drop in functionality over time as nerve implants in other areas of the body like muscles, though, meaning the device is far from finished, and needs more fine-tuning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Inhibitions aside, the team remains positive about their new development. University of Utah bioengineer Richard Normann said &#8220;[the] goal of this research is to give a blind person more mobility.\u201d \u201cIt could allow them to identify a person, doorways, or cars easily. It could increase independence and safety. That&#8217;s what we&#8217;re working toward.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;These results are very exciting because they demonstrate both safety and efficacy,&#8221; said lead author Eduardo Fern\u00e1ndez from Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University. &#8220;We have taken a significant step forward, showing the potential of these types of devices to restore functional vision for people who have lost their vision.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, G\u00f3mez herself remains happy with the concept that her bravery in trying this new technology can help out other people like her in the future. &#8220;I know I am blind, that I will always be blind. But, I felt like I could do something to help people in the future. I still feel that way.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For her immense contributions to the pioneer study, G\u00f3mez is listed as a co-author of the very study she participated in; it is now published in <em>The Journal of Clinical Investigation<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"references\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cassella, C. (2021, October 28). <em>Brain implant gives blind woman artificial vision in scientific first<\/em>. ScienceAlert. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/a-brain-implant-has-allowed-a-blind-woman-to-see-simple-2d-shapes-and-letters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/a-brain-implant-has-allowed-a-blind-woman-to-see-simple-2d-shapes-and-letters<\/a><\/li><li>Chappell, B. (2021, October 23). Scientists used a tiny brain implant to help a blind teacher see letters again. <em>NPR<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/10\/23\/1048699230\/scientists-used-a-tiny-brain-implant-to-help-a-blind-teacher-see-letters-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/10\/23\/1048699230\/scientists-used-a-tiny-brain-implant-to-help-a-blind-teacher-see-letters-again<\/a><\/li><li>Fern\u00e1ndez, E., Alfaro, A., Soto-S\u00e1nchez, C., Gonz\u00e1lez-L\u00f3pez, P., Ortega, A. M. L., Pe\u00f1a, S., Grima, M. D., Rodil, A., G\u00f3mez, B., Chen, X., Roelfsema, P. R., Rolston, J. D., Davis, T. S., &amp; Normann, R. A. (2021). Visual percepts evoked with an Intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex. <em>The Journal of Clinical Investigation<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI151331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI151331<\/a><\/li><li>George, J. A., Page, D. M., Davis, T. S., Duncan, C. C., Hutchinson, D. T., Rieth, L. W., &amp; Clark, G. A. (2020). Long-term performance of Utah slanted electrode arrays and intramuscular electromyographic leads implanted chronically in human arm nerves and muscles. <em>Journal of Neural Engineering<\/em>, <em>17<\/em>(5), 056042. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/abc025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/abc025<\/a><\/li><li>John A. Moran Eye Center. (2021, October 20). <em>Scientists enable blind woman to see simple shapes using brain implant<\/em>. University of Utah Health. <a href=\"https:\/\/healthcare.utah.edu\/moran\/news\/2021\/10\/publication-artificial-vision.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/healthcare.utah.edu\/moran\/news\/2021\/10\/publication-artificial-vision.php<\/a><\/li><li>Kho, R. C., Al-Obailan, M., &amp; Arnold, A. C. (2011). Bitemporal visual field defects in ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy. <em>Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology<\/em>, <em>31<\/em>(2), 121\u2013126. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNO.0b013e318205a148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNO.0b013e318205a148<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A 42-year-old woman named Bernardeta G\u00f3mez, from Elche, Spain, was diagnosed with toxic optic neuropathy, a condition that&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3203,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12,16],"tags":[278,338,337],"class_list":{"0":"post-3202","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-health-and-body","8":"category-tech","9":"tag-brain","10":"tag-eye","11":"tag-implant","12":"cs-entry","13":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3202"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3202\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3204,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3202\/revisions\/3204"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3202"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3202"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}