{"id":3062,"date":"2021-10-20T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=3062"},"modified":"2021-10-07T06:18:00","modified_gmt":"2021-10-07T06:18:00","slug":"two-new-pit-viper-species-found-in-asia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/two-new-pit-viper-species-found-in-asia\/","title":{"rendered":"Two New Pit Viper Species Found In Asia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The reptilian subfamily <em>Crotalinae<\/em>, commonly known as the <em>pit vipers<\/em> or the <em>crotaline snakes<\/em>, consists of venomous vipers like rattlesnakes and lanceheads, and can be found in Eurasia and the Americas. These snakes are named for a special <em>loreal pit organ<\/em> located between the nostril and the eye, one on each side of the head; these pits are heat-sensing organs that function as the snakes\u2019 \u201cthermal rangefinder,\u201d allowing them to spot their prey even in the absence of substantial light.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  width=\"800\"  height=\"797\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"\"  data-id=\"3071\"  data-full-url=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bothrops_alternatus_in_Brazil_b.jpg\"  data-link=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?attachment_id=3071\"  class=\"wp-image-3071 pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bothrops_alternatus_in_Brazil_b.jpg\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bothrops_alternatus_in_Brazil_b.jpg 800w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bothrops_alternatus_in_Brazil_b-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bothrops_alternatus_in_Brazil_b-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bothrops_alternatus_in_Brazil_b-768x765.jpg 768w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bothrops_alternatus_in_Brazil_b-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bothrops_alternatus_in_Brazil_b-110x110.jpg 110w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bothrops_alternatus_in_Brazil_b-380x379.jpg 380w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bothrops_alternatus_in_Brazil_b-160x160.jpg 160w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bothrops_alternatus_in_Brazil_b-220x220.jpg 220w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bothrops_alternatus_in_Brazil_b-760x757.jpg 760w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bothrops_alternatus_in_Brazil_b-600x598.jpg 600w\" ><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  width=\"1024\"  height=\"683\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"\"  data-id=\"3076\"  data-full-url=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bomboo_Pit_Viper_Tremeresurus_graminus-scaled.jpg\"  data-link=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?attachment_id=3076\"  class=\"wp-image-3076 pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bomboo_Pit_Viper_Tremeresurus_graminus-1024x683.jpg\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bomboo_Pit_Viper_Tremeresurus_graminus-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bomboo_Pit_Viper_Tremeresurus_graminus-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bomboo_Pit_Viper_Tremeresurus_graminus-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bomboo_Pit_Viper_Tremeresurus_graminus-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bomboo_Pit_Viper_Tremeresurus_graminus-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bomboo_Pit_Viper_Tremeresurus_graminus-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bomboo_Pit_Viper_Tremeresurus_graminus-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bomboo_Pit_Viper_Tremeresurus_graminus-1160x773.jpg 1160w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bomboo_Pit_Viper_Tremeresurus_graminus-80x53.jpg 80w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Bomboo_Pit_Viper_Tremeresurus_graminus-scaled.jpg 2560w\" ><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  width=\"1024\"  height=\"681\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"\"  data-id=\"3064\"  data-full-url=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-scaled.jpg\"  data-link=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?attachment_id=3064\"  class=\"wp-image-3064 pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-1024x681.jpg\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-800x532.jpg 800w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-1160x771.jpg 1160w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-80x53.jpg 80w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-760x505.jpg 760w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-1600x1064.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-2320x1543.jpg 2320w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crotalus_atrox_2-1-scaled.jpg 2560w\" ><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"\"  data-id=\"3078\"  data-full-url=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/CHorridus-scaled.jpg\"  data-link=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?attachment_id=3078\"  class=\"wp-image-3078 pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/CHorridus-1024x619.jpg\" ><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\"> Members of the reptilian subfamily Crotalinae include the (clockwise, from upper left): crossed pit viper, <em>Bothrops alternatus<\/em>; bamboo pit viper, <em>Trimeresurus gramineus<\/em>; Western diamondback rattlesnake, <em>Crotalus atrox<\/em>; and the type species of Crotalinae, the timber rattlesnake, <em>Crotalus horridus<\/em>. (Clockwise, from upper left: Timm, 2011; 2013; Robertson et al, 2007; Smida, 2021; Wikimedia Commons) <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, new findings published in the journal <em>ZooKeys<\/em> reveal two new members of the pit viper family tree: the <em>Nujiang pit viper<\/em>, <em>Gloydius<\/em> <em>lipipengi<\/em>, and the <em>glacial pit viper<\/em>, <em>Gloydius swild<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  width=\"1024\"  height=\"683\"  src=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/oo_595356-80x53.jpg\"  alt=\"\"  class=\"wp-image-3065 pk-lqip pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/oo_595356-1024x683.jpg\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/oo_595356-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/oo_595356-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/oo_595356-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/oo_595356-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/oo_595356-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/oo_595356-1160x773.jpg 1160w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/oo_595356-80x53.jpg 80w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/oo_595356-760x507.jpg 760w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/oo_595356-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/oo_595356.jpg 1512w\" ><figcaption> The authors obtained images of the two new species of pit vipers: the Nujiang pit viper, <em>Gloydius lipipengi<\/em> (A, B), and the glacial pit viper, <em>Gloydius swild<\/em> (C, D). (Shi et al, 2021) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Biologists and taxonomists currently recognize some twenty (20) members of the genus <em>Gloydius<\/em>, which are separated into three \u201ccomplexes,\u201d which are identified with three specific species of <em>Gloydius<\/em>: the <em>mamushi<\/em>, or the Japanese pit viper, <em>G. blomhoffii<\/em>; the Central Asian pit viper, <em>G. intermedius<\/em>; and the Tibetan pit viper, <em>G. strauchi<\/em>. Both <em>G. lipipengi <\/em>and <em>G. swild<\/em> belong to the Tibetan pit viper group, or the <em>G. strauchi<\/em> complex of the genus <em>Gloydius<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  width=\"800\"  height=\"600\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"\"  data-id=\"3079\"  data-full-url=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Mamushi_togurosugata.jpg\"  data-link=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?attachment_id=3079\"  class=\"wp-image-3079 pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Mamushi_togurosugata.jpg\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Mamushi_togurosugata.jpg 800w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Mamushi_togurosugata-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Mamushi_togurosugata-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Mamushi_togurosugata-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Mamushi_togurosugata-260x195.jpg 260w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Mamushi_togurosugata-380x285.jpg 380w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Mamushi_togurosugata-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Mamushi_togurosugata-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Mamushi_togurosugata-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Mamushi_togurosugata-520x390.jpg 520w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Mamushi_togurosugata-760x570.jpg 760w\" ><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  width=\"1024\"  height=\"689\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"\"  data-id=\"3080\"  data-full-url=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Gloydius_intermedius_by_Nick_Longrich-scaled.jpg\"  data-link=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?attachment_id=3080\"  class=\"wp-image-3080 pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Gloydius_intermedius_by_Nick_Longrich-1024x689.jpg\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Gloydius_intermedius_by_Nick_Longrich-1024x689.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Gloydius_intermedius_by_Nick_Longrich-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Gloydius_intermedius_by_Nick_Longrich-768x517.jpg 768w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Gloydius_intermedius_by_Nick_Longrich-1536x1034.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Gloydius_intermedius_by_Nick_Longrich-scaled.jpg 2560w\" ><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\"> These snakes are members of the genus <em>Gloydius<\/em> (clockwise from upper left): the Japanese pit viper or <em>mamushi<\/em>, <em>Gloydius blomhoffii<\/em>; and the Central Asian pit viper, <em>Gloydius intermedius<\/em>. (Clockwise, from upper left: 2002; Longrich, 1980; Wikimedia Commons) <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Said Dr. Jing-Song Shi, co-author and from both the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and the Shenyang Normal University: \u201cThe Nujiang pit viper has a grayish brown back with irregular black ring-shaped crossbands, wide, grayish-brown stripes behind the eyes, and relativity short fangs. [&#8230;] The Glacier pit viper is blueish-gray, with zigzag stripes on its back, and has relatively narrow stripes behind its eyes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The studies of Shi and the team revealed that the Nujiang pit viper has now only been identified from one locality: the village of Muza, in Zayu, Tibet. The glacial pit viper, on the other hand, was found in the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the mountains of Hengduangshang, in north Sichuan, China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The team recalled their pleasant views and the experience of traveling high up the mountains to identify these species of snakes. \u201cDuring the expeditions, we experienced striking views of sacred, crystal-like glacier lakes embraced by mountains, as well as colorful broadleaf-conifer forests and morning mists falling over the village.\u201d They also \u201cenjoyed the kindness and treats\u201d of the hospitable Tibetan locals, which to them made their journey \u201cunforgettable.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(For similar animal finds, check out <a href=\"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/phantastic-fernanda-giant-tortoise-species-previously-thought-extinct-rediscovered-on-galapagos-island\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">our previous piece on \u201cFernanda,\u201d the (so far) sole survivor of her species, <em>Chelonoidis phantasticus<\/em><\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"references\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sci-News. (2021, October 6). <em>Two New Species of Venomous Snakes Discovered<\/em>. Sci-News. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sci-news.com\/biology\/two-new-gloydius-species-10142.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.sci-news.com\/biology\/two-new-gloydius-species-10142.html<\/a><\/li><li>Shi, J.-S., Liu, J.-C., Giri, R., Owens, J. B., Santra, V., Kuttalam, S., Selvan, M., Guo, K.-J., &amp; Malhotra, A. (2021). Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Gloydius (Squamata, viperidae, crotalinae), with description of two new alpine species from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. <em>ZooKeys<\/em>, <em>1061<\/em>, 87\u2013108. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1061.70420\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1061.70420<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The reptilian subfamily Crotalinae, commonly known as the pit vipers or the crotaline snakes, consists of venomous vipers&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[311,310],"class_list":{"0":"post-3062","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-nature","8":"tag-snake","9":"tag-species","10":"cs-entry","11":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3062","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3062"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3062\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3082,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3062\/revisions\/3082"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3062"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3062"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}