{"id":14953,"date":"2025-06-19T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=14953"},"modified":"2025-06-13T15:20:58","modified_gmt":"2025-06-13T15:20:58","slug":"bird-window-collisions-prevention-bird-safe-glass-conservation-tips-june-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/bird-window-collisions-prevention-bird-safe-glass-conservation-tips-june-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Windows are the No. 1 human threat to birds \u2013 an ecologist shares some simple steps to reduce\u00a0collisions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<div class=\"theconversation-article-body\">\n    <figure>\n      <img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668225\/original\/file-20250515-56-7fw781.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&#038;rect=0%2C94%2C1800%2C1106&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip\" >\n        <figcaption>\n          Birds are drawn to the mirror effect of windows. That can turn deadly when they think they see trees.\n          <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/photo\/peeking-in-royalty-free-image\/98702464\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CCahill\/iStock\/Getty Images Plus<\/a><\/span>\n        <\/figcaption>\n    <\/figure>\n\n  <span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/jason-hoeksema-2385787\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jason Hoeksema<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-mississippi-2400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Mississippi<\/a><\/em><\/span>\n\n  <p>When <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/guide\/Wood_Thrush\/maps-range\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wood thrushes arrive in northern Mississippi<\/a> on their spring migration and begin to serenade my neighborhood with their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/guide\/Wood_Thrush\/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ethereal, harmonized song<\/a>, it\u2019s one of the great joys of the season. It\u2019s also a minor miracle. These small creatures have just flown more than 1,850 miles (3,000 kilometers), all the way from Central America.<\/p>\n\n<p>Other birds undertake even longer journeys \u2014 the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/guide\/Swainsons_Thrush\/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Swainson\u2019s thrush<\/a>, for example, nests as far north as the boreal forests of Alaska and spends the nonbreeding season in northern South America, traveling up to 5,600 miles (9,000 kilometers) each way.<\/p>\n\n<p>These stunning feats of travel are awe-inspiring, making it that much more tragic when they are cut short by a deadly collision with a glass window.<\/p>\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/quRKZTMdUeg?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n            <figcaption><span class=\"caption\">A wood thrush singing. Shared by the American Bird Conservancy.<\/span><\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>This happens with alarming regularity. Two recent scientific studies estimate that <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306362\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 1 billion birds<\/a> \u2013 and as many as <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1676\/23-00045\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">5.19 billion<\/a> \u2013 die from collisions with sheet glass each year in the United States alone, sometimes immediately but often from their injuries.<\/p>\n\n<p>In fact, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1676\/23-00045\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">window collisions are now considered the top human cause of bird deaths<\/a>. Due to window collisions and other causes, bird populations across North America have <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaw1313\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declined more than 29% from their 1970 levels<\/a>, likely with <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0408049101\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major consequences for the world\u2019s ecosystems<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>These collisions occur on every type of building, from homes to skyscrapers. At the University of Mississippi campus, where I teach and conduct research as <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=oQ_ssPUAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an ecologist<\/a>, my colleagues and I have been testing some creative solutions. <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"why-glass-is-so-often-deadly-for-birds\">Why glass is so often deadly for birds<\/h2>\n\n<p>Most frequently, glass acts as a mirror, reflecting clear sky or habitat. There is no reason for a bird to slow down when there appears to be a welcoming tree or shrub ahead.<\/p>\n\n<p>These head-on collisions frequently result in brain injuries, to which birds often succumb immediately. <\/p>\n\n<p>In other cases, birds are stunned by the collision and eventually fly off, but many of those individuals also <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu\/etd\/3301\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eventually perish<\/a> from brain swelling.<\/p>\n\n<p>Other injuries, to wings or legs, for example, can leave birds unable to fly and vulnerable to cats or other predators. If you <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/story\/what-do-if-you-find-baby-bird-injured-or-orphaned-wildlife\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">find an injured bird<\/a>, contact a local wildlife rehabilitator.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"which-windows-are-riskiest\">Which windows are riskiest<\/h2>\n\n<p>Some windows are much <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/10\/16\/climate\/new-york-birds-windows.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">worse than others<\/a>, depending on their proximity to bushes and other bird habitats, what is reflected in them, and how interior lighting exacerbates or diminishes <a href=\"https:\/\/dariuszzdziebk.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Toronto-2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the mirror effect<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>On our campus, some buildings with a great deal of glass surface area kill surprisingly few birds, while other small sets of windows are disproportionately deadly.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-right zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668052\/original\/file-20250514-62-vtsefb.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"A small brown bird on the ground in front of a large wall of windows.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668052\/original\/file-20250514-62-vtsefb.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668052\/original\/file-20250514-62-vtsefb.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=800&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668052\/original\/file-20250514-62-vtsefb.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=800&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668052\/original\/file-20250514-62-vtsefb.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=800&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668052\/original\/file-20250514-62-vtsefb.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1005&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668052\/original\/file-20250514-62-vtsefb.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1005&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668052\/original\/file-20250514-62-vtsefb.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1005&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" ><\/a>\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">A stunned Swainson\u2019s thrush sits on the ground in front of a window on campus. The bird, which likely hit the window, eventually recovered and flew away.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Jason Hoeksema\/University of Mississippi<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>One particular elevated walkway with glass on both sides between the chemistry and pharmacy buildings is a notoriously dangerous spot. The glass kills migratory birds each spring and fall as they try to pass between the two buildings on their way to The Grove, the university\u2019s central-campus park area with large old oak trees.<\/p>\n\n<p>During the pandemic in 2020, student Emma Counce did the heart-heavy work of performing a survey of 11 campus buildings almost daily during spring migration. She found 72 bird fatalities in seven weeks. Five years later, my ornithology students completed a new survey and found 62 mortalities over the course of five weeks in 2025, demonstrating that we still have a lot of work to do to make our campus safe for migratory birds.<\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/search\/?q=thrush\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thrushes<\/a>, perhaps due to their propensity for whizzing through tight spaces in the shady forest understory, have been disproportionately represented among the victims. Others include colorful songbirds \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/guide\/Northern_Parula\/id\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">northern parulas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/guide\/Black-and-white_Warbler\/id\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">black-and-white warblers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/guide\/Prothonotary_Warbler\/id\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prothonotary warblers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/guide\/Kentucky_Warbler\/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kentucky warblers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/search\/?q=buntings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">buntings<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/search\/?q=vireos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vireos<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/search\/?q=tanagers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tanagers<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"how-to-make-windows-less-dangerous\">How to make windows less dangerous<\/h2>\n\n<p>The good thing is that everyone can do something to lower the risk.<\/p>\n\n<p>Films, stickers or strings can be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/library\/collections\/bird-friendly-campus-toolkit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">added on the exterior of windows<\/a>, creating dots or lines, 2 to 4 inches apart, that break up reflections to give the appearance of a barrier.<\/p>\n\n<p>Exterior <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">screens and blinds<\/a> work great too. Just adding a few predator silhouette stickers is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/preventing-bird-glass-collisions-at-home.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">not effective<\/a>, by the way \u2013 the treatment needs to span the whole window.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668048\/original\/file-20250514-56-ia0w8m.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"A photo of a window looking from the outside in. The windows has dots on it.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668048\/original\/file-20250514-56-ia0w8m.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668048\/original\/file-20250514-56-ia0w8m.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=401&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668048\/original\/file-20250514-56-ia0w8m.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=401&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668048\/original\/file-20250514-56-ia0w8m.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=401&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668048\/original\/file-20250514-56-ia0w8m.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668048\/original\/file-20250514-56-ia0w8m.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/668048\/original\/file-20250514-56-ia0w8m.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" ><\/a>\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Putting film with dots on windows, like this one at the University of Mississippi, can help birds spot the glass and stop in time. Without the dots, the reflection can look like more trees are ahead instead of glass and a hallway.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Jason Hoeksema\/University of Mississippi<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>When applied properly, window treatments can make a huge difference. An inspiring example is McCormick Place in Chicago, the country\u2019s largest convention center, which notoriously <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/chicago\/news\/mccormick-place-bird-deaths\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">killed nearly 1,000 birds in a single night<\/a> in 2023. After workers applied dot film to an area of the building\u2019s windows equivalent to two football fields, bird mortality at the lakeside building <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/bird-collisions-window-safety-mccormick-place-chicago\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has been reduced by 95%<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stopbirdcollisions.org\/solutions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bird Collision Prevention Alliance<\/a> provides information on options for retrofitting home or office windows to make them more bird friendly.<\/p>\n\n<p>Options for new windows are also becoming <a href=\"https:\/\/www.architecturaldigest.com\/story\/how-architects-designing-buildings-birds-mind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more common<\/a>. For example, the new <a href=\"https:\/\/olemiss.edu\/departments\/research\/stem-learning-center\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Science &amp; Technology Innovation<\/a> on my campus, which features many windows, mostly used bird-friendly glass with subtle polka dots built into it. This spring, we found that it killed only four birds, despite a very high surface area of glass.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"how-you-can-help\">How you can help<\/h2>\n\n<p>When trying to make a difference on your home turf, I suggest starting small. Make note of which specific windows have killed birds in the past, and treat them first.<\/p>\n\n<p>Use it as an opportunity to learn <a href=\"https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/news\/reducing-collisions-glass\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">what approach<\/a> might work best for you and your building. Either <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">order a product<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.birdsavers.com\/make-your-own\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">make something yourself<\/a> and get it installed.<\/p>\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iUP8o5bKVUU?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n            <figcaption><span class=\"caption\">How to make your windows safer for birds. Shared by Audubon New York and American Bird Conservancy.<\/span><\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>Then do another, and tell a friend. At the office, talk to people, find others who care and build a team to make gradual change.<\/p>\n\n<p>With some creative solutions, anyone can help reduce at least this major risk.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"The Conversation\"  width=\"1\"  height=\"1\"  style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\"  referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/255838\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" ><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n\n  <p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/jason-hoeksema-2385787\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jason Hoeksema<\/a>, Professor of Ecology, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-mississippi-2400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Mississippi<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n  <p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/windows-are-the-no-1-human-threat-to-birds-an-ecologist-shares-some-simple-steps-to-reduce-collisions-255838\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Birds are drawn to the mirror effect of windows. That can turn deadly when they think they see&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":1244,"featured_media":14955,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/59\/2011-365-195_Bird_on_a_Window_%285947236959%29.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15,11],"tags":[12766,12745,12756,12752,12750,12741,12744,12759,12737,12760,12738,12743,12761,12754,12765,12748,12740,12742,12763,12755,12747,12758,12753,12746,12757,12739,12751,12764,12762,12749],"class_list":{"0":"post-14953","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-engineering","8":"category-nature","9":"tag-bird-collision-prevention","10":"tag-bird-collision-prevention-alliance","11":"tag-bird-conservation-tips","12":"tag-bird-deaths-in-north-america","13":"tag-bird-injuries-from-glass","14":"tag-bird-migration-threats","15":"tag-bird-population-decline","16":"tag-bird-rescue-tips","17":"tag-bird-window-collisions","18":"tag-bird-friendly-architecture","19":"tag-bird-friendly-windows","20":"tag-bird-safe-building-design","21":"tag-bird-safe-construction","22":"tag-bird-safe-glass-solutions","23":"tag-campus-bird-deaths","24":"tag-deadly-glass-for-birds","25":"tag-dot-film-for-windows","26":"tag-glass-and-bird-fatalities","27":"tag-glass-buildings-and-birds","28":"tag-how-to-prevent-bird-deaths","29":"tag-how-to-protect-songbirds","30":"tag-migratory-bird-protection","31":"tag-prevent-bird-strikes","32":"tag-reflective-glass-bird-hazard","33":"tag-retrofit-windows-for-birds","34":"tag-swainsons-thrush-migration","35":"tag-why-birds-hit-windows","36":"tag-wildlife-conservation-at-home","37":"tag-window-film-for-birds","38":"tag-wood-thrush-migration","39":"cs-entry","40":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1244"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14953"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14954,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14953\/revisions\/14954"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}