{"id":14321,"date":"2025-05-13T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-13T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=14321"},"modified":"2025-05-06T03:10:07","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T03:10:07","slug":"kawasaki-corleo-robotic-horse-quadruped-mobility-ai-transport-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/kawasaki-corleo-robotic-horse-quadruped-mobility-ai-transport-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"A robot that you ride like a horse is being developed. It will stretch current limits of\u00a0engineering"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<div class=\"theconversation-article-body\">\n\n  <span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/matias-mattamala-2378206\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mat\u00edas Mattamala<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-oxford-1260\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Oxford<\/a><\/em><\/span>\n\n  <p>Kawasaki has recently revealed its computer-generated concept for the Corleo, a \u201crobotic horse\u201d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vQDhzbTz-9k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The video shows<\/a> the automated equine galloping through valleys, crossing rivers, climbing mountains and jumping over crevasses. <\/p>\n\n<p>The Corleo promises a high-end robotic solution to provide a revolutionary mobility experience. Kawasaki\u2019s current motorbikes are constrained to roads, paths and trails, but a machine with legs has no boundaries \u2013 it can reach places no other vehicles can go.<\/p>\n\n<p>But in the case of the Corleo, how feasible is it to achieve such a level of agility and balance, while safely carrying a human through natural environments? Let\u2019s discuss what would be needed to achieve this.<\/p>\n\n<p>A robot is a complex machine with two main components: a body and an information processing unit. The body has a particular morphology that determines the robot\u2019s function, and carries actuators (devices that convert energy into physical motion) and sensors to act in the world and understand it, respectively. <\/p>\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vQDhzbTz-9k?wmode=transparent&start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n            <figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Kawasaki\u2019s Corleo robotic horse concept.<\/span><\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>The information processing unit is usually a computer, which implements algorithms to process data from the sensors, build representations of the world and determine the actions to be executed, subject to a specific task of interest.<\/p>\n\n<p>Simple robots, such as robotic vacuum cleaners satisfy these requirements. They have a suitable body for going under furniture and not getting stuck (their flat top is also useful to give your cats a ride). <\/p>\n\n<p>The actuators are the motors that spin the wheels and the vacuum system. It has impact sensors to detect collisions, and some even have cameras for understanding the environment. Owners can set a cleaning routine, and the vacuum\u2019s computer will determine the best way to execute it.<\/p>\n\n<p>The Corleo is a quadruped robot, one of the most stable legged robot configurations. The four legs seem strong and capable of flexing forward and backward to run and jump. <\/p>\n\n<p>But they seem limited in movements known as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anatomical_terms_of_motion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">abduction and adduction<\/a>. If I push you on your right side, you will open your left leg \u2013 this is the abduction motion helping you keep balance. <\/p>\n\n<p>Adduction is the opposite motion \u2013 a movement towards the midline of the body. Perhaps this is just a limitation of the concept design but, either way, the Corleo needs this articulation to ensure a safe and smooth ride.<\/p>\n\n<p>Next comes actuators. Legged robots, in comparison to wheeled vehicles, need to continuously balance and support their own weight. They also provide a level of suspension that provides cushioning for the rider. <\/p>\n\n<p>They need to be strong enough to push the robot\u2019s body forward. On top of that, the Corleo will also carry a person. While this is currently possible, such as with the <a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10246325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Barry robot<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=X2UxtKLZnNo&t=91s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Unitree wheeled robots<\/a>, the Corleo also aims to gallop and jump over gaps. This requires even more dynamic and stronger actuators than the previous examples.<\/p>\n\n<p>A manually driven car or motorcycle doesn\u2019t need sensors or a processing unit, because the driver steers the car depending on what they see. But a robotic horse does need more sophisticated control systems to determine how to move the legs, otherwise we <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walking_Truck\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">would need both hands<\/a> and even our feet to drive it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Locomotion control has been an active area of legged robotics research since the 1940s. Researchers have shown that a legged machine can walk down a slope without motors or sensors (which is called \u201cpassive\u201d locomotion). <\/p>\n\n<p>If only \u201cproprioceptive\u201d sensors \u2013 the types of sensors that tell your phone when to rotate the screen \u2013 are used to control balance, it\u2019s called \u201cblind\u201d locomotion because it doesn\u2019t rely on information from the external environment. When a robot also uses \u201cexteroceptive\u201d sensors to determine how to walk, which refers to sensors that pick up information about the environment, it\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/shorts\/H4_EsrevPn0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called \u201cperceptive\u201d locomotion<\/a>. This is what Corleo shows.<\/p>\n\n<p>From the pictures released, I could not spot any visible cameras or Lidars \u2013 laser range finders. They could be hidden, but it would be reassuring to know that the Corleo has a way to \u201csee\u201d what\u2019s in front of it while walking.<\/p>\n\n<p>While it will be manually steered (so that it doesn\u2019t need to navigate autonomously), its locomotion system needs sensor data to determine how to step on rocks, or detect if the terrain is slippery. Its sensors should also be reliable under different environmental conditions. This is already <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IQJL3htsDyQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a huge challenge<\/a> for autonomous cars.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"challenges-ahead\">Challenges ahead<\/h2>\n\n<p>The Corleo is a concept, it does not exist \u2013 yet. As a product, it promises to be a more capable version of a quad bike. This can open new opportunities for transportation in remote areas, tourism businesses, new hobbies (for those who can afford it), and even sports.<\/p>\n\n<p>But I\u2019m more excited about the technological advances that the achievement of such a platform implies. Legged robots do not necessarily need to look like quadrupeds or humanoids. <\/p>\n\n<p>Self balancing exoskeletons, such as Wandercraft\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xj1SlU7Tyo0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Personal exoskeleton<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OOGeJYit_-U\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Human in Motion Robotics\u2019 XoMotion<\/a>, are legged robots that are revolutionising the lives of people with mobility impairments. The technological advances implied by the Corleo could have be of major benefit to the development of assistive devices for disabled users, enabling them to achieve independence.<\/p>\n\n<p>Current progress in legged robotics suggests that many features proposed by Kawasaki are feasible. But others pose challenges: Corleo will need the endurance to walk in the wild, run effective locomotion algorithms and also implement the safety standards required for a vehicle. <\/p>\n\n<p>These are all major hurdles for a reasonably sized robot. If you ask me today, I\u2019d be unsure if this can be achieved as a whole. I hope they prove me wrong.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"The Conversation\"  width=\"1\"  height=\"1\"  style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\"  referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/254483\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" ><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n\n  <p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/matias-mattamala-2378206\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mat\u00edas Mattamala<\/a>, Postdoctoral Researcher, Oxford Robotics Institute, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-oxford-1260\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Oxford<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n  <p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/a-robot-that-you-ride-like-a-horse-is-being-developed-it-will-stretch-current-limits-of-engineering-254483\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Mat\u00edas Mattamala, University of Oxford Kawasaki has recently revealed its computer-generated concept for the Corleo, a \u201crobotic horse\u201d.&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":1188,"featured_media":14323,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/43\/ANYbotics_robot_dog_ANYmal.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[9536,9534,9535,9530,9522,9518,9531,9517,9532,9537,9514,9524,9523,9525,9521,9526,9533,9519,9529,9516,9520,9527,9528,9515],"class_list":{"0":"post-14321","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tech","8":"tag-ai-in-legged-robots","9":"tag-ai-controlled-quadrupeds","10":"tag-assistive-robotic-mobility","11":"tag-autonomous-legged-machines","12":"tag-corleo-actuators","13":"tag-corleo-concept-robot","14":"tag-corleo-endurance","15":"tag-corleo-robot-feasibility","16":"tag-corleo-sensors","17":"tag-future-of-robotic-vehicles","18":"tag-kawasaki-corleo","19":"tag-kawasaki-robot-horse","20":"tag-kawasaki-robot-innovation","21":"tag-legged-robot-mobility","22":"tag-legged-robotics-technology","23":"tag-off-road-robotic-transport","24":"tag-perceptive-locomotion","25":"tag-quadruped-robot","26":"tag-robotic-exoskeletons","27":"tag-robotic-horse","28":"tag-robotic-horse-balance","29":"tag-robotic-horse-challenges","30":"tag-robotic-mobility-solutions","31":"tag-robotic-transportation","32":"cs-entry","33":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14321","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1188"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14321"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14322,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14321\/revisions\/14322"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}