{"id":13732,"date":"2025-03-12T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-12T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=13732"},"modified":"2025-03-06T19:00:10","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T19:00:10","slug":"maple-seeds-spinning-motion-seed-dispersal-march-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/maple-seeds-spinning-motion-seed-dispersal-march-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Maple seeds\u2019 unique spinning motion allows them to travel far even in the rain, a new study shows"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"theconversation-article-body\">\n    <figure>\n      <img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/651491\/original\/file-20250225-32-rcd89r.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&#038;rect=0%2C0%2C7360%2C4836&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip\" >\n        <figcaption>\n          Winged seeds called samaras grow on maple trees. These are seeds from the Japanese maple, <em>Acer palmatum<\/em>.\n          <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/photo\/red-and-green-winged-fruits-and-seeds-of-maple-tree-royalty-free-image\/1320916053?phrase=samara seed&#038;searchscope=image,film&#038;adppopup=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AlessandroZocc\/iStock via Getty Images Plus<\/a><\/span>\n        <\/figcaption>\n    <\/figure>\n\n  <span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/andrew-dickerson-1458980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andrew Dickerson<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-tennessee-688\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tennessee<\/a><\/em><\/span>\n\n  <p>When wind or other disturbances detach winged maple seeds called samaras from their parent tree, they spin through the air \u2013 and can even spin when it\u2019s raining. Impacts by high-speed raindrops only briefly interrupt the seed\u2019s spinning because the seed can shed the drop rapidly and restart its spinning in less time than it takes to blink.<\/p>\n\n<p>If you live somewhere with maple trees, you\u2019ve probably seen their striking helicopter seeds \u2013 made up of a seed pod attached to a delicate wing. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/plant\/maple-tree#ref179516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maple samaras\u2019<\/a> unique design and spinning movement can teach <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.co.uk\/citations?user=SnRBoMIAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">physicists like me<\/a> about seed dispersal patterns and even engineering new types of flying vehicles.<\/p>\n\n<p>The samaras\u2019 spinning movement, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2422641122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called autorotation<\/a>, keeps them in the air for longer so they travel farther.<\/p>\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Vs5baVM3RcY?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n            <figcaption><span class=\"caption\">The spinning flight of a maple samara.<\/span><\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>In a <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2422641122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">February 2025 study<\/a>, my colleagues and I filmed raindrops as they crashed into autorotating samaras. The samaras shed drops by shattering them, flinging the drops off, or rolling out of the way \u2013 like they\u2019re turning away from a punch. If a drop falls in just the right place, the spinning seed can cut it in half. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-right zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/650486\/original\/file-20250220-44-xi5drl.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"Silhouetted shapes of a winged seed pod from different angles, as it spins.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/650486\/original\/file-20250220-44-xi5drl.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/650486\/original\/file-20250220-44-xi5drl.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=776&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/650486\/original\/file-20250220-44-xi5drl.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=776&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/650486\/original\/file-20250220-44-xi5drl.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=776&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/650486\/original\/file-20250220-44-xi5drl.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=976&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/650486\/original\/file-20250220-44-xi5drl.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=976&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/650486\/original\/file-20250220-44-xi5drl.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=976&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" ><\/a>\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">The movement of a samara as it spins through the air. Our new study captured this pattern using a high-speed camera.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Breanna Shaeffer and Andrew Dickerson, University of Tennessee-Knoxville<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>In order to keep flying, the samaras must shed the entire drop. Samaras shed drops fastest when the drops hit the heavier, round nutlet part of the seed, rather than the wing. Shedding is made easier by the samaras\u2019 mildly water-repellent surface. We estimated that raindrop collisions reduce a samara\u2019s time in flight and the distance it travels while spinning, but by less than 10%.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"why-it-matters\">Why it matters<\/h2>\n\n<p>Maples are an important species to the Eastern United States. They provide syrup and timber, making them economically and commercially significant.<\/p>\n\n<p>To proliferate in a rapidly <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024AV001297\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">changing climate<\/a>, maples and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2666549\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">other samara-bearing species<\/a> need to <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/with-fewer-animals-to-spread-their-seeds-plants-could-have-trouble-adapting-to-climate-change-174516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disperse their seeds<\/a> as far as possible.<\/p>\n\n<p>My team\u2019s results provide context for other studies focused on how wind transports rotating and nonrotating seeds alike. Some seeds can even travel <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/0012-9615(2003)073%5B0173:MLDOPD%5D2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hundreds of miles<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>From an engineering perspective, the insights gained from our study could inform the design of new types of aerial vehicles that use autorotation to ride the wind without a motor. Mimicking the shapes of these seeds could help such vehicles quickly recover from disruptions to flight.<\/p>\n\n<p>Samaras are also visually intriguing. Discovering more about how small, beautiful parts of nature thrive could help scientists get people interested in the environment. <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"what-still-isnt-known\">What still isn\u2019t known<\/h2>\n\n<p>Maple samaras represent just one way that seeds use the wind to disperse farther. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/plant\/dandelion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dandelion\u2019s parachute-like float<\/a> relies on the seed\u2019s light weight and <a href=\"https:\/\/byjus.com\/physics\/dragforce\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high drag<\/a>. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/plant\/hop-tree\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hop tree seed<\/a> uses a single, wafer-shaped seed to flutter, while <a href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:697802-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">triplaris seeds<\/a> have three wings that achieve a helicopter-like spin. Researchers still aren\u2019t sure how raindrops can affect the flight of these seeds.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"whats-next\">What\u2019s next<\/h2>\n\n<p>Next, my colleagues and I hope to unravel the flight mechanics of the \u201crolling samaras\u201d found on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/plant\/poplar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tulip poplar<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/plant\/ash-tree\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ash trees<\/a>. These seeds rotate like maple samaras, but the wing also rolls around the axis that runs across its wingspan as it does so.<\/p>\n\n<p>Not only do we plan to compare their flight performance against the more recognizable maple samara, but we will also study how these seeds respond to perturbations such as wing damage and crosswinds. <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"how-i-do-my-work\">How I do my work<\/h2>\n\n<p>I like to uncover the complexity in seemingly simple systems. So many of the brief, small and common interactions in our world are wonderfully beautiful. I seek to tell those stories through a camera lens and with mathematical flair.<\/p>\n\n<p><em>The <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us\/topics\/research-brief-83231\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research Brief<\/a> is a short take about interesting academic work.<\/em><!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"The Conversation\"  width=\"1\"  height=\"1\"  style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\"  referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/250341\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" ><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n\n  <p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/andrew-dickerson-1458980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andrew Dickerson<\/a>, Associate Professor of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-tennessee-688\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tennessee<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n  <p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/maple-seeds-unique-spinning-motion-allows-them-to-travel-far-even-in-the-rain-a-new-study-shows-250341\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Winged seeds called samaras grow on maple trees. These are seeds from the Japanese maple, Acer palmatum. AlessandroZocc\/iStock&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":1101,"featured_media":13734,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/7294\/8728691711_e2ac424415_h.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[5577,5570,5563,5571,5576,5567,5568,5566,5578,5569,5574,5579,5564,5573,5580,5581,5565,5582,5572,474,5575],"class_list":{"0":"post-13732","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-nature","8":"tag-aerodynamic-seed-design","9":"tag-aerodynamic-seed-dispersal","10":"tag-autorotation-seed-movement","11":"tag-biomimicry-in-aviation","12":"tag-environmental-seed-transport","13":"tag-helicopter-seeds-physics","14":"tag-maple-samaras-wind-dispersal","15":"tag-maple-seed-dispersal","16":"tag-maple-seed-shedding-water","17":"tag-maple-seed-spinning-motion","18":"tag-maple-tree-reproduction","19":"tag-natural-flight-mechanisms","20":"tag-raindrop-impact-on-seeds","21":"tag-rainfall-effect-on-seed-dispersal","22":"tag-rotating-seed-mechanics","23":"tag-samara-aerodynamics","24":"tag-samara-flight-dynamics","25":"tag-samara-inspired-flying-vehicles","26":"tag-seed-flight-resilience","27":"tag-the-conversation","28":"tag-wind-dispersed-seeds","29":"cs-entry","30":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13732","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1101"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13732"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13732\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13733,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13732\/revisions\/13733"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}