{"id":13464,"date":"2025-01-30T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=13464"},"modified":"2025-01-18T09:55:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-18T09:55:43","slug":"bezos-blue-origin-new-glenn-orbit-launch-15-years-making-january-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/bezos-blue-origin-new-glenn-orbit-launch-15-years-making-january-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Bezos\u2019 Blue Origin has successfully launched its New Glenn rocket to orbit \u2212 a feat 15 years in the\u00a0making"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"theconversation-article-body\">\n    <figure>\n      <img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642726\/original\/file-20250115-15-bpgprm.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=20%2C36%2C3412%2C2048&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip\" >\n        <figcaption>\n          Blue Origin\u2019s New Glenn rocket stands ready on the launchpad.\n          <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/news-photo\/the-blue-origin-new-glenn-rocket-sits-at-launch-complex-36-news-photo\/2193067657?adppopup=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anadolu\/Contributor\/Anadolu via Getty Images<\/a><\/span>\n        <\/figcaption>\n    <\/figure>\n\n  <span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/wendy-whitman-cobb-343695\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wendy Whitman Cobb<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/air-university-4060\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Air University<\/a><\/em><\/span>\n\n  <p>Just past 2 a.m. Eastern time on Jan. 16, 2025, a new rocket blasted off from the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. By reaching orbit, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/space-exploration\/launches-spacecraft\/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-launches-massive-new-glenn-rocket-into-orbit-on-1st-flight-video\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Blue Origin\u2019s New Glenn rocket launch<\/a> has marked a milestone for a commercial space company that has big ambitions.<\/p>\n\n<p>As a <a href=\"https:\/\/wendywhitmancobb.space\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">space policy expert<\/a>, I see New Glenn\u2019s success as a big leap forward for Blue Origin and a good sign for an expanding, ambitious commercial space industry.<\/p>\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JPqqKpWNTIk?wmode=transparent&start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n            <figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Blue Origin\u2019s New Glenn lifted off for its first flight on Jan. 16.<\/span><\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"step-by-step\">Step by step<\/h2>\n\n<p>Although <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-spacex-lowered-costs-and-reduced-barriers-to-space-112586\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpaceX may be the most well-known<\/a> commercial space company, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_Origin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Blue Origin<\/a> is older by two years. Founded in 2000 by Amazon\u2019s Jeff Bezos, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/about-blue\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">company envisions<\/a> a time when millions of people are living and working in space. <\/p>\n\n<p>To advance that vision, the company is developing its own line of reusable rockets, which could improve access to space.<\/p>\n\n<p>Blue Origin\u2019s motto is <em>gradatim ferociter<\/em>, Latin for \u201cstep by step, ferociously.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geekwire.com\/2016\/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-motto-logo-boots\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bezos has explained<\/a> that this reflects the company\u2019s approach to spaceflight.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u201cIf you\u2019re building a flying vehicle, you can\u2019t cut any corners. If you do, it\u2019s going to be an illusion that it\u2019s going to make it faster,\u201d Bezos said at the Pathfinder Awards in 2016.<\/p>\n\n<p>With this step-by-step approach, it took 15 years for Blue Origin to launch its first rocket. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/new-shepard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Shepard<\/a>, which launched in 2015, is named after <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-alan-shepard\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Shepard<\/a>, the first American to reach space.<\/p>\n\n<p>New Shepard is not powerful enough to reach orbit. Instead, it flies a <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/whats-a-suborbital-flight-an-aerospace-engineer-explains-164279\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suborbital trajectory<\/a>. That means it flies to the edge of space, experiencing low gravity for just a few minutes, before returning to its launch site.<\/p>\n\n<p>What makes New Shepard unique is that it can carry passengers. It did so for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-57849364\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first time<\/a> on July 20, 2021, when it carried three people, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/branson-vs-bezos-as-the-billionaires-get-ready-to-blast-into-space-whos-got-the-better-plan-163898\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">including Bezos<\/a>, to space. Since then, there have been <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Shepard#Flight_list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eight crewed flights<\/a> of New Shepard and 21 uncrewed flights. Notably, it carried Star Trek\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2021\/oct\/13\/william-shatner-jeff-bezos-rocket-blue-origin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William Shatner to space<\/a> on Oct. 13, 2021.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642468\/original\/file-20250114-15-e1qr5p.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"The New Shepard rocket, which looks like a cylinder with legs and a circular top, sitting on a landing pad.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642468\/original\/file-20250114-15-e1qr5p.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642468\/original\/file-20250114-15-e1qr5p.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=362&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642468\/original\/file-20250114-15-e1qr5p.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=362&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642468\/original\/file-20250114-15-e1qr5p.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=362&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642468\/original\/file-20250114-15-e1qr5p.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=454&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642468\/original\/file-20250114-15-e1qr5p.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=454&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642468\/original\/file-20250114-15-e1qr5p.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=454&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w\" ><\/a>\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">New Shepard, New Glenn\u2019s predecessor, is Blue Origin\u2019s rocket for suborbital flights.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/newsroom.ap.org\/detail\/TheseAreTheVoyages\/1e0f07571e5f444ebd42f835d3103390\/photo?Query=blue%20origin&mediaType=photo&sortBy=&dateRange=Anytime&totalCount=423&currentItemNo=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AP Photo\/Tony Gutierrez, File<\/a><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>New Shepard has not been without its issues, however. In 2022, it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/05\/19\/world\/blue-origin-rocket-ns-25-mission-scn\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">experienced an engine failure<\/a> a minute after liftoff. With no humans on board, the launch escape system activated, allowing the capsule to safely return to Earth. This landing also meant that had people been on board, they too would have returned safely.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"expanding-the-envelope\">Expanding the envelope<\/h2>\n\n<p>While Blue Origin has learned a lot from New Shepard\u2019s flights, the company needs a more powerful rocket. Named after <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/john-glenn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Glenn<\/a>, the first American to reach orbit, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/new-glenn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Glenn<\/a> is designed to be that rocket.<\/p>\n\n<p>Blue Origin started developing New Glenn in 2013 but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/19584-blue-origin-quiet-plans-for-spaceships.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">only announced it publicly<\/a> in 2016. It is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/new-glenn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">made up of<\/a> two sections called stages. The first stage has seven engines. Once this stage has used up all its fuel, the goal is for it to detach and <a href=\"https:\/\/aviationweek.com\/space\/commercial-space\/new-glenn-landing-barge-departs-inaugural-launch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">return to a barge<\/a> at sea, much like SpaceX\u2019s Falcon 9.<\/p>\n\n<p>At that point, the second stage\u2019s three engines light up, taking the rocket the rest of the way to space. <\/p>\n\n<p>Unfortunately, on Jan. 16\u2019s maiden launch, the first stage booster was destroyed as it attempted to return to the landing barge. Before the launch, company officials had stated that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/space-exploration\/launches-spacecraft\/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-launches-massive-new-glenn-rocket-into-orbit-on-1st-flight-video\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">they weren\u2019t sure they would recover the booster<\/a> on this flight, but were going to try anyway.<\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.floridatoday.com\/story\/tech\/science\/space\/2025\/01\/02\/how-blue-origin-new-glenn-compares-to-spacex-starship-saturnv-space-shuttle-falcon-9-florida-vulcan\/76942533007\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">At over 320 feet tall<\/a> (98 meters), New Glenn is shorter than an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kennedyspacecenter.com\/explore-attractions\/race-to-the-moon\/featured-attraction\/saturn-v-rocket\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apollo-era Saturn V<\/a> (363 ft., or 111 m) but taller than both <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/space-shuttle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the space shuttle<\/a> when it was fully stacked (184 ft., or 64 m) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacex.com\/vehicles\/falcon-9\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpaceX\u2019s Falcon 9<\/a> (229 ft., or 70 m). It will have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.floridatoday.com\/story\/tech\/science\/space\/2025\/01\/02\/how-blue-origin-new-glenn-compares-to-spacex-starship-saturnv-space-shuttle-falcon-9-florida-vulcan\/76942533007\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">double the power<\/a> of the space shuttle but half the power of the Saturn V. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642728\/original\/file-20250115-15-mcm38r.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"A comparison of rocket sizes, with SpaceX&#039;s Starship as the tallest and Astra Rocket.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642728\/original\/file-20250115-15-mcm38r.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642728\/original\/file-20250115-15-mcm38r.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=178&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642728\/original\/file-20250115-15-mcm38r.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=178&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642728\/original\/file-20250115-15-mcm38r.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=178&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642728\/original\/file-20250115-15-mcm38r.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=223&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642728\/original\/file-20250115-15-mcm38r.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=223&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/642728\/original\/file-20250115-15-mcm38r.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=223&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w\" ><\/a>\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">New Glenn is smaller than SpaceX\u2019s Starship but larger than the space shuttle.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:SPACE_ROCKET_COMPARISON.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jurgenspacerocket\/Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA<\/a><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>In addition to New Glenn, the company is developing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/blue-moon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Blue Moon<\/a>, a lunar lander for use on a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/news-release\/nasa-selects-blue-origin-as-second-artemis-lunar-lander-provider\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">future NASA lunar mission<\/a>. It is also developing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/blue-ring\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Blue Ring<\/a>, an in-space servicing platform that can refuel and move satellites. <\/p>\n\n<p>Blue Origin is also a key part of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/destinations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Orbital Reef<\/a>, a planned commercial space station in low Earth orbit. Blue Origin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/10\/25\/1049077333\/blue-origin-space-station-business-park-space-orbital-reef-bezos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has likened Orbital Reef<\/a> to a \u201cmixed-use business park\u201d that will <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/news\/sdr-milestone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">provide space<\/a> for research, development and manufacturing in orbit.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"implications-for-commercial-space\">Implications for commercial space<\/h2>\n\n<p>Blue Origin\u2019s success reaching orbit with New Glenn is an important step for the larger commercial space industry. Importantly, it will create competition for SpaceX, which some argue has a near <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2023\/09\/12\/spacex-near-rocket-market-monopoly-is-huge-concern-lazard-banker.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">monopoly on launch services<\/a> in the United States.<\/p>\n\n<p>Competition for launch services <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/charlesbeames\/2019\/09\/30\/commercial-competition-the-rocket-science-of-the-space-force\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is a valuable thing<\/a>. It provides incentive for both companies to deliver the best service at the lowest cost. Having multiple launch providers is also a sign of a healthy commercial market.<\/p>\n\n<p>Competition also provides options for accessing space in case one company must ground its fleet of rockets. This happened <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/science\/space\/spacex-falcon-9-rocket-grounded-faa-rcna171568\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">several times<\/a> to SpaceX in 2024 when three of its rockets experienced problems during launch. The situation left no option for customers except to wait until SpaceX investigated and fixed the issues.<\/p>\n\n<p>While New Glenn will be launching uncrewed missions for the next few years, Blue Origin <a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/space\/2024\/03\/blue-origin-staffing-up-to-build-a-human-spacecraft\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signed a Space Act Agreement<\/a> with NASA in 2023 to develop more commercial projects, including a crew vehicle. <\/p>\n\n<p>A Blue Origin crew vehicle would provide NASA with more options when transporting humans to and from low-Earth orbit or even the Moon.<\/p>\n\n<p>Though this launch of New Glenn has been 25 years in the making, for Blue Origin it is a major accomplishment \u2013 and a necessary one if it wants to \u201cferociously\u201d continue its goals for space travel.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"The Conversation\"  width=\"1\"  height=\"1\"  style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\"  referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/247424\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" ><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n\n  <p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/wendy-whitman-cobb-343695\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wendy Whitman Cobb<\/a>, Professor of Strategy and Security Studies, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/air-university-4060\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Air University<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n  <p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/bezos-blue-origin-has-successfully-launched-its-new-glenn-rocket-to-orbit-a-feat-15-years-in-the-making-247424\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Blue Origin\u2019s New Glenn rocket stands ready on the launchpad. Anadolu\/Contributor\/Anadolu via Getty Images Wendy Whitman Cobb, Air&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":1056,"featured_media":13466,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/59\/New_Glenn_launch_signals_new_era_for_Space_Launch_Complex_36_%288833065%29.jpg\/2560px-New_Glenn_launch_signals_new_era_for_Space_Launch_Complex_36_%288833065%29.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15,14],"tags":[3892,50,3884,3880,3893,3886,3883,57,3887,3889,3877,51,3879,3891,3888,3882,3894,3885,3878,3890,282,3881,474],"class_list":{"0":"post-13464","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-engineering","8":"category-space","9":"tag-blue-moon","10":"tag-blue-origin","11":"tag-cape-canaveral-space-force-station","12":"tag-commercial-space-industry","13":"tag-commercial-space-station","14":"tag-crew-vehicle-development","15":"tag-falcon-9","16":"tag-jeff-bezos","17":"tag-lunar-missions","18":"tag-nasa-collaboration","19":"tag-new-glenn","20":"tag-new-shepard","21":"tag-orbital-launch","22":"tag-orbital-reef","23":"tag-private-space-exploration","24":"tag-reusable-rockets","25":"tag-rocket-technology-advancements","26":"tag-satellite-servicing","27":"tag-space-competition","28":"tag-space-policy","29":"tag-spacex","30":"tag-suborbital-flights","31":"tag-the-conversation","32":"cs-entry","33":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13464","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1056"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13464"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13464\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13465,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13464\/revisions\/13465"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13464"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13464"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13464"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}