{"id":13244,"date":"2024-12-16T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-16T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=13244"},"modified":"2024-12-06T02:45:00","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T02:45:00","slug":"carbon-removal-technology-stabilise-earth-climate-net-zero-december-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/carbon-removal-technology-stabilise-earth-climate-net-zero-december-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Plans to stabilise Earth\u2019s climate rely on emerging carbon removal technology \u2013 we need to get moving"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"theconversation-article-body\">\n    <figure>\n      <img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635231\/original\/file-20241129-17-1uy4ka.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&#038;rect=20%2C20%2C6976%2C4637&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip\" >\n        <figcaption>\n          \n          <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">CSIRO<\/span>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY<\/a><\/span>\n        <\/figcaption>\n    <\/figure>\n\n  <span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/andrew-lenton-99421\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andrew Lenton<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/csiro-1035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CSIRO<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/kerryn-brent-167012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kerryn Brent<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/csiro-1035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CSIRO<\/a><\/em><\/span>\n\n  <p>Global carbon emissions from fossil fuels <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/global-carbon-emissions-inch-upwards-in-2024-despite-progress-on-evs-renewables-and-deforestation-243133\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">continue to rise<\/a> and 2024 is likely to be the <a href=\"https:\/\/wmo.int\/media\/news\/2024-track-be-hottest-year-record-warming-temporarily-hits-15degc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">world\u2019s hottest year on record<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>It\u2019s becoming increasingly clear that limiting global warming to 1.5\u00b0C will require much more than existing efforts to reduce emissions and decarbonise industry. We also need to remove enormous amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stateofcdr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7-9 billion tonnes a year<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/downloads\/outreach\/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Factsheet_CDR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carbon dioxide removal technology will be required<\/a> to achieve global and national net zero targets. In other words, there is no net zero without CO\u2082-removal, because emissions of greenhouse gases are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/emissions-gap-report-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">not declining anywhere near fast enough<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>There will be trade-offs, as CO\u2082-removal can be costly and often uses up <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangeauthority.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2024-09\/2024SectorPathwaysReviewSummary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">energy, water and land<\/a>. But Earth is hurtling towards a climate catastrophe, with more than <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/emissions-gap-report-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3\u00b0C of warming<\/a> under current global policies. We must do everything we can to avert disaster, which means slashing emissions as much as we possibly can, and removing what\u2019s left.<\/p>\n\n<p>Within the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">international scientific community<\/a> the debate about carbon dioxide removal has moved on from \u201ccould we, should we?\u201d to \u201cwe must\u201d \u2013 recognising the urgency of the situation. So it\u2019s worth coming up to speed on the basics of carbon dioxide removal technology, both old and new, and the role we can expect it to play in Australia\u2019s net-zero future. <\/p>\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XFiSpt4yx6s?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n            <figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Permanent carbon dioxide removal: for net zero and beyond (CSIRO)<\/span><\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"why-do-we-need-carbon-dioxide-removal\">Why do we need carbon dioxide removal?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Carbon dioxide removal accelerates natural processes such as storing carbon in trees, rocks, soil and the ocean. It differs from carbon capture and storage, which seeks to remove carbon before it enters the atmosphere. <\/p>\n\n<p>As Australia\u2019s Climate Change Authority <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangeauthority.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2024-09\/2024SectorPathwaysReviewSummary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">states<\/a>, reaching the national goal of net-zero emissions by 2050 does not mean all emissions are eliminated across the economy. Some emissions are likely to remain \u2013 about 25% of Australia\u2019s 2005 emissions under the current plan \u2013 and they need to be dealt with. <\/p>\n\n<p>So how much carbon dioxide are we talking about? Some 133 million tonnes a year by mid-century, according to the authority. This equates to billions of tonnes of additional carbon dioxide removal over the next 25 years.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ways to remove and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere are among the federal government\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.industry.gov.au\/publications\/national-science-and-research-priorities-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">national science and research priorities<\/a>. So let\u2019s take a look at the technologies we are using now and what we might need. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635211\/original\/file-20241129-23-ku4n8k.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"Pie chart of remaining Australian emissions from various sectors in the year 2050\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635211\/original\/file-20241129-23-ku4n8k.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635211\/original\/file-20241129-23-ku4n8k.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=528&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635211\/original\/file-20241129-23-ku4n8k.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=528&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635211\/original\/file-20241129-23-ku4n8k.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=528&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635211\/original\/file-20241129-23-ku4n8k.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=664&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635211\/original\/file-20241129-23-ku4n8k.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=664&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635211\/original\/file-20241129-23-ku4n8k.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=664&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" ><\/a>\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">For Australia to achieve net zero by 2050, 133 million tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions (CO\u2082 or equivalent) will need to be removed from the atmosphere.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangeauthority.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2024-09\/2024SectorPathwaysReviewSummary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Change Authority, 2024<\/a>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY<\/a><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"what-technologies-do-we-need\">What technologies do we need?<\/h2>\n\n<p>The international scientific community <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stateofcdr.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">divides<\/a> carbon dioxide removal technologies into \u201cconventional\u201d (nature-based) and \u201cnovel\u201d (new) approaches. <\/p>\n\n<p>The conventional technologies rely on biological processes, such as planting trees, boosting soil carbon levels and increasing carbon stores in coastal ecosystems such as mangroves. The carbon is typically stored over shorter timescales, from a decade to a century.<\/p>\n\n<p>Unfortunately, many of these natural carbon stores or \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/cosmosmagazine.com\/earth\/climate\/climate-global-warming-carbon-sink\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sinks<\/a>\u201d are already <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2407.12447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">becoming saturated<\/a>. They will also become increasingly vulnerable in a changing climate. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adl5889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">forest fires<\/a> are releasing billions of tonnes of carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere annually. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635154\/original\/file-20241128-15-4yc7x1.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"Chart showing the projected growth in carbon dioxide removal technologies from 2010 to 2050 and 2100, with a growing proportion of &#039;novel&#039; (new) technology\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635154\/original\/file-20241128-15-4yc7x1.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635154\/original\/file-20241128-15-4yc7x1.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=288&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635154\/original\/file-20241128-15-4yc7x1.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=288&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635154\/original\/file-20241128-15-4yc7x1.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=288&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635154\/original\/file-20241128-15-4yc7x1.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=362&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635154\/original\/file-20241128-15-4yc7x1.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=362&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635154\/original\/file-20241128-15-4yc7x1.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=362&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" ><\/a>\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Novel (new) as opposed to conventional carbon dioxide removal technologies are projected to play an increasingly important role in getting to net zero and beyond.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Adapted from Climate Change Authority Insights Report<\/span>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY<\/a><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>To reach net zero emissions, the world will need to find more <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43247-024-01808-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">durable<\/a> ways to remove CO\u2082 at scale from the atmosphere. This is where the new technologies come in. <\/p>\n\n<p>Examples include adding crushed carbonate or silicate rock to the ocean or <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/spreading-crushed-rock-over-farmland-can-remove-co-from-the-atmosphere-if-we-do-it-right-240303\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">farmland<\/a>. Research suggests <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1750583614000851\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waste rock from mining<\/a> could be used for this purpose. <\/p>\n\n<p>Concerningly, novel approaches currently comprise <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stateofcdr.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">less than 0.1%<\/a> of total global carbon dioxide removal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"avoiding-potential-pitfalls\">Avoiding potential pitfalls<\/h2>\n\n<p>Like all technologies, carbon dioxide removal comes with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/downloads\/outreach\/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Factsheet_CDR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">potential risks and tradeoffs<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>In a market worth as much as <a href=\"https:\/\/about.bnef.com\/blog\/carbon-credits-face-biggest-test-yet-could-reach-238-ton-in-2050-according-to-bloombergnef-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">US$1.1 trillion dollars<\/a> (A$1.7 trillion) by 2050, there\u2019s always a risk of overstating the benefits.<\/p>\n\n<p>To counter this, the IPCC is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">developing evidence-based methods<\/a> to ensure the amounts of carbon removed can be verified and included in national accounts. This should promote transparency and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43247-023-01014-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reduce the risk of greenwashing<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/combat-climate-change-companies-bury-plant-waste-sea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">making misleading claims<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Carbon dioxide removal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-022-31146-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">can also affect the environment<\/a>. For instance, some approaches such as tree planting may <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41558-024-02048-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">compete<\/a> with agriculture or biodiversity conservation for water and land. This challenge is compounded by climate change. <\/p>\n\n<p>Other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/downloads\/outreach\/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Factsheet_CDR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approaches<\/a>, such as direct air capture and storage, currently face <a href=\"https:\/\/research.csiro.au\/carbonlock\/game-changing-absorbents-dac\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">technical challenges<\/a> in extracting CO\u2082 from air without consuming high amounts of energy.<\/p>\n\n<p>The interests and rights of Australia\u2019s First Nations communities must also be considered. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0305750X2400189X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">global survey of Indigenous people<\/a> in 30 countries around the world, including Australia, found positive attitudes to climate intervention technologies. However, this is only a starting point. Greater engagement is needed nationally concerning specific carbon dioxide removal approaches.  <\/p>\n\n<p>More work is needed to understand these challenges, including how to manage them and their impacts on Australian communities.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635207\/original\/file-20241129-15-iwocsr.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"The Kennaook\/Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station on a clifftop high above the ocean, Tasmania\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635207\/original\/file-20241129-15-iwocsr.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635207\/original\/file-20241129-15-iwocsr.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=392&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635207\/original\/file-20241129-15-iwocsr.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=392&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635207\/original\/file-20241129-15-iwocsr.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=392&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635207\/original\/file-20241129-15-iwocsr.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=493&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635207\/original\/file-20241129-15-iwocsr.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=493&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/635207\/original\/file-20241129-15-iwocsr.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=493&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" ><\/a>\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Atmospheric concentrations of CO\u2082 continue to increase, underscoring the massive challenge ahead for removal technologies.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">CSIRO\/Bureau of Meteorology<\/span>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY<\/a><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"a-new-industry-for-australia\">A new industry for Australia?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Australia\u2019s large land mass and vast oceans mean we have far greater physical capacity than other nations <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/news\/255614\/study-finds-limits-storing-co2-underground\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to store carbon<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Australia also has access to renewable energy used to power the technologies, and a skilled workforce to develop and run them.<\/p>\n\n<p>Much like solar and wind energy, tackling carbon dioxide removal in Australia at the scale required will require a new industry with its own infrastructure, institutions and processes.<\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.csiro.au\/CarbonLock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CSIRO<\/a> and other organisations are advancing the technology, but more is needed. Australia requires a national dialogue and clear vision around how to deliver carbon dioxide removal responsibly and sustainably.<\/p>\n\n<p>Of course, prevention is better than cure. It\u2019s always better to cut emissions and stop carbon dioxide entering the atmosphere in the first place, than trying to remove it afterwards. But time is running out, carbon dioxide levels are already too high and we need to reach net zero by 2050. <\/p>\n\n<p>Carbon dioxide removal is now <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43247-024-01808-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">essential<\/a>, along with deep and urgent emissions reduction. We must get moving on permanent carbon dioxide removal if we are to preserve the planet for future generations.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"The Conversation\"  width=\"1\"  height=\"1\"  style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\"  referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/237318\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" ><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n\n  <p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/andrew-lenton-99421\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andrew Lenton<\/a>, Director CarbonLock, Environment, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/csiro-1035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CSIRO<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/kerryn-brent-167012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kerryn Brent<\/a>, Research scientist, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/csiro-1035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CSIRO<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n  <p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/plans-to-stabilise-earths-climate-rely-on-emerging-carbon-removal-technology-we-need-to-get-moving-237318\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"CSIRO, CC BY Andrew Lenton, CSIRO and Kerryn Brent, CSIRO Global carbon emissions from fossil fuels continue to&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":1027,"featured_media":13246,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Coal_Carbon_Capture_Technology_In_Use.png\/2560px-Coal_Carbon_Capture_Technology_In_Use.png","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13,16],"tags":[2772,2769,2770,2780,2787,2778,2773,2788,2777,2774,2789,2782,2785,2786,2779,2771,2775,2781,2776,2791,2784,474,2783],"class_list":{"0":"post-13244","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-earth","8":"category-tech","9":"tag-australias-carbon-storage-potential","10":"tag-carbon-dioxide-removal-technology","11":"tag-carbon-sinks-vulnerability","12":"tag-climate-change-mitigation-technologies","13":"tag-climate-policy-and-technology-integration","14":"tag-co2-removal-market-growth","15":"tag-co2-removal-trade-offs","16":"tag-csiro-carbon-removal-research","17":"tag-direct-air-capture-challenges","18":"tag-emerging-carbon-dioxide-removal-methods","19":"tag-enhanced-rock-weathering","20":"tag-global-carbon-reduction-strategies","21":"tag-greenwashing-risks-in-climate-solutions","22":"tag-indigenous-perspectives-on-climate-interventions","23":"tag-ipcc-carbon-removal-strategies","24":"tag-net-zero-emissions-by-2050","25":"tag-novel-vs-conventional-carbon-removal","26":"tag-reforestation-and-soil-carbon-sequestration","27":"tag-renewable-energy-for-carbon-removal","28":"tag-responsible-carbon-management-frameworks","29":"tag-scaling-novel-co2-removal-technologies","30":"tag-the-conversation","31":"tag-verifiable-co2-removal-metrics","32":"cs-entry","33":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13244","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1027"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13244"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13244\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13245,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13244\/revisions\/13245"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}