{"id":11649,"date":"2024-04-19T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-19T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=11649"},"modified":"2024-04-12T04:43:44","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T04:43:44","slug":"surgery-wont-fix-my-chronic-back-pain-so-what-will","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/surgery-wont-fix-my-chronic-back-pain-so-what-will\/","title":{"rendered":"Surgery won\u2019t fix my chronic back pain, so what will?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n  <figure>\n    <img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/587310\/original\/file-20240411-16-6w8ayb.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;rect=197%2C251%2C5793%2C3736&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip\" >\n      <figcaption>\n        \n        <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/asian-man-back-pain-sit-on-1091529920\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planter Studio\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/span>\n      <\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n\n<span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/christine-lin-346821\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christine Lin<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-sydney-841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Sydney<\/a><\/em>; <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/christopher-maher-826241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Maher<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-sydney-841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Sydney<\/a><\/em>; <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/fiona-blyth-448021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fiona Blyth<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-sydney-841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Sydney<\/a><\/em>; <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/james-mcauley-1526139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Mcauley<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/unsw-sydney-1414\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UNSW Sydney<\/a><\/em>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/mark-hancock-1463059\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mark Hancock<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/macquarie-university-1174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Macquarie University<\/a><\/em><\/span>\n\n<p>This week\u2019s ABC Four Corners episode <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2024-04-08\/pain-factory\/103683180\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pain Factory<\/a> highlighted that our health system is failing Australians with chronic pain. Patients are receiving costly, ineffective and risky care instead of effective, low-risk treatments for chronic pain. <\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<p>The challenge is considering how we might reimagine health-care delivery so the effective and safe treatments for chronic pain are available to millions of Australians who suffer from chronic pain.<\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/getmedia\/10434b6f-2147-46ab-b654-a90f05592d35\/aihw-phe-267.pdf.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">One in five<\/a> Australians aged 45 and over have chronic pain (pain lasting three or more months). This costs an estimated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/getmedia\/10434b6f-2147-46ab-b654-a90f05592d35\/aihw-phe-267.pdf.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A$139 billion a year<\/a>, including $12 billion in direct health-care costs. <\/p>\n\n<p>The most common complaint among people with chronic pain is low back pain. So what treatments do \u2013 and don\u2019t \u2013 work?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"opioids-and-invasive-procedures\">Opioids and invasive procedures<\/h2>\n\n<p>Treatments offered to people with chronic pain include strong pain medicines such as <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30561481\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opioids<\/a> and invasive procedures such as <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36878313\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spinal cord stimulators<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/imj.14120\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spinal fusion surgery<\/a>. Unfortunately, these treatments have little if any benefit and are associated with a risk of significant harm. <\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12913-021-06900-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spinal fusion surgery<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/privatehealthcareaustralia.org.au\/consumers-urged-to-be-cautious-about-spinal-cord-stimulators-for-pain\/#:%7E:text=Australian%20health%20insurance%20data%20shows,of%20the%20procedure%20is%20%2458%2C377.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spinal cord stimulators<\/a> are also extremely costly procedures, costing tens of thousands of dollars each to the health system as well as incurring costs to the individual.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"addressing-the-contributors-to-pain\">Addressing the contributors to pain<\/h2>\n\n<p>Recommendations from the latest <a href=\"https:\/\/www.safetyandquality.gov.au\/standards\/clinical-care-standards\/low-back-pain-clinical-care-standard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Australian<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240081789\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World Health Organization<\/a> clinical guidelines for low back pain focus on alternatives to drug and surgical treatments such as:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>education<\/li>\n<li>advice<\/li>\n<li>structured exercise programs <\/li>\n<li>physical, psychological or multidisciplinary interventions that address the physical or psychological contributors to ongoing pain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"Woman sits on exercise ball and uses stretchy band\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/587300\/original\/file-20240411-16-lrj7iv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/587300\/original\/file-20240411-16-lrj7iv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/587300\/original\/file-20240411-16-lrj7iv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/587300\/original\/file-20240411-16-lrj7iv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/587300\/original\/file-20240411-16-lrj7iv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/587300\/original\/file-20240411-16-lrj7iv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/587300\/original\/file-20240411-16-lrj7iv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Pain education is central.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/female-patient-working-physiotherapist-hospital-317578964\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monkey Business Images\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>Two recent Australian trials support these recommendations and have found that interventions that address each person\u2019s physical and psychological contributors to pain produce large and sustained improvements in pain and function in people with chronic low back pain. <\/p>\n\n<p>The interventions have minimal side effects and are cost-effective.<\/p>\n\n<p>In the <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2794765\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RESOLVE<\/a> trial, the intervention consists of pain education and graded sensory and movement \u201cretraining\u201d aimed to help people understand that it\u2019s safe to move. <\/p>\n\n<p>In the <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37146623\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RESTORE<\/a> trial, the intervention (cognitive functional therapy) involves assisting the person to understand the range of physical and psychological contributing factors related to their condition. It guides patients to relearn how to move and to build confidence in their back, without over-protecting it.<\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"why-isnt-everyone-with-chronic-pain-getting-this-care\">Why isn\u2019t everyone with chronic pain getting this care?<\/h2>\n\n<p>While these trials provide new hope for people with chronic low back pain, and effective alternatives to spinal surgery and opioids, a barrier for implementation is the out-of-pocket costs. The interventions take up to 12 sessions, lasting up to 26 weeks. One physiotherapy session <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sira.nsw.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0005\/1122674\/Physiotherapy-chiropractic-and-osteopathy-fees-practice-requirements-effective-1-February-2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">can cost<\/a> $90\u2013$150.<\/p>\n\n<p>In contrast, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.servicesaustralia.gov.au\/chronic-disease-individual-allied-health-services-medicare-items\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Medicare<\/a> provides rebates for just five allied health visits (such as physiotherapists or exercise physiologists) for eligible patients per year, to be used for all chronic conditions.<\/p>\n\n<p>Private health insurers also limit access to reimbursement for these services by typically only covering a proportion of the cost and providing a cap on annual benefits. So even those with private health insurance would usually have substantial out-of-pocket costs.<\/p>\n\n<p>Access to trained clinicians is another barrier. This problem is particularly evident in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ruralhealth.org.au\/15nrhc\/sites\/default\/files\/B2-1_Bennett.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regional and rural Australia<\/a>, where access to allied health services, pain specialists and multidisciplinary pain clinics is limited.<\/p>\n\n<p>Higher costs and lack of access are associated with the increased use of available and subsidised treatments, such as pain medicines, even if they are ineffective and harmful. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.safetyandquality.gov.au\/publications-and-resources\/resource-library\/data-file-57-opioid-medicines-dispensing-2016-17-third-atlas-healthcare-variation-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rate of opioid use<\/a>, for example, is higher in regional Australia and in areas of socioeconomic disadvantage than metropolitan centres and affluent areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"so-what-can-we-do-about-it\">So what can we do about it?<\/h2>\n\n<p>We need to reform Australia\u2019s health system, private and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2020\/12\/taskforce-final-report-pain-management-mbs-items-final-report-on-the-review-of-pain-management-mbs-items.docx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">public<\/a>, to improve access to effective treatments for chronic pain, while removing access to ineffective, costly and high-risk treatments. <\/p>\n\n<p>Better training of the clinical workforce, and using technology such as telehealth and artificial intelligence to train clinicians or deliver treatment may also improve access to effective treatments. A recent Australian <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38461844\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trial<\/a>, for example, found telehealth delivered via video conferencing was as effective as in-person physiotherapy consultations for improving pain and function in people with chronic knee pain.<\/p>\n\n<p>Advocacy and <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37918470\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">improving the public\u2019s understanding<\/a> of effective treatments for chronic pain may also be helpful. Our hope is that coordinated efforts will promote the uptake of effective treatments and improve the care of patients with chronic pain.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"The Conversation\"  width=\"1\"  height=\"1\"  style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\"  referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/227450\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" ><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/christine-lin-346821\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christine Lin<\/a>, Professor, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-sydney-841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Sydney<\/a><\/em>; <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/christopher-maher-826241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Maher<\/a>, Professor, Sydney School of Public Health, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-sydney-841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Sydney<\/a><\/em>; <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/fiona-blyth-448021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fiona Blyth<\/a>, Professor, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-sydney-841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Sydney<\/a><\/em>; <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/james-mcauley-1526139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James Mcauley<\/a>, Professor of Psychology, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/unsw-sydney-1414\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UNSW Sydney<\/a><\/em>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/mark-hancock-1463059\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mark Hancock<\/a>, Professor of Physiotherapy, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/macquarie-university-1174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Macquarie University<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/surgery-wont-fix-my-chronic-back-pain-so-what-will-227450\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Planter Studio\/Shutterstock Christine Lin, University of Sydney; Christopher Maher, University of Sydney; Fiona Blyth, University of Sydney; James&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":793,"featured_media":11622,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[1262,474],"class_list":{"0":"post-11649","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-health-and-body","8":"tag-back-pain","9":"tag-the-conversation","10":"cs-entry","11":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11649","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/793"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11649"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11649\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11650,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11649\/revisions\/11650"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}