{"id":10929,"date":"2024-01-11T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-11T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=10929"},"modified":"2023-12-07T20:34:40","modified_gmt":"2023-12-07T20:34:40","slug":"why-isnt-there-any-sound-in-space-an-astronomer-explains-why-in-space-no-one-can-hear-you-scream","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/why-isnt-there-any-sound-in-space-an-astronomer-explains-why-in-space-no-one-can-hear-you-scream\/","title":{"rendered":"Why isn\u2019t there any sound in space? An astronomer explains why in space no one can hear you scream"},"content":{"rendered":"\n  <figure>\n    <img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/560865\/original\/file-20231121-23-g49y80.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;rect=0%2C5%2C1957%2C1992&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip\" >\n      <figcaption>\n        Matter in deep space is very spread out, which makes it impossible for any sound waves to travel.\n        <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/webbtelescope.org\/contents\/media\/images\/2022\/038\/01G7JGTH21B5GN9VCYAHBXKSD1?news=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI<\/a><\/span>\n      <\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n\n<span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/chris-impey-536311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chris Impey<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-arizona-959\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Arizona<\/a><\/em><\/span>\n\n<figure class=\"align-left \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/281719\/original\/file-20190628-76743-26slbc.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/281719\/original\/file-20190628-76743-26slbc.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=293&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/281719\/original\/file-20190628-76743-26slbc.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=293&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/281719\/original\/file-20190628-76743-26slbc.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=293&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/281719\/original\/file-20190628-76743-26slbc.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=368&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/281719\/original\/file-20190628-76743-26slbc.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=368&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/281719\/original\/file-20190628-76743-26slbc.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=368&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\"><\/span>\n              \n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us\/topics\/curious-kids-us-74795\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Curious Kids<\/a> is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you\u2019d like an expert to answer, send it to <a href=\"mailto:curiouskidsus@theconversation.com\">curiouskidsus@theconversation.com<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>How far can sound travel through space, since it\u2019s so empty? Is there an echo in space? \u2013 Jasmine, age 14, Everson, Washington<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p>In space, no one can hear you scream.<\/p>\n\n<p>You may have heard this saying. It\u2019s the tagline from the famous 1979 science fiction movie \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/screenrant.com\/space-no-one-hear-scream-alien-movie-origin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alien<\/a>.\u201d It\u2019s a scary thought, but is it true? The simple answer is yes, no one can hear you scream in space because there is no sound or echo in space.<\/p>\n\n<p>I\u2019m a <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=OrRLRQ4AAAAJ&amp;hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">professor of astronomy<\/a>, which means I study space and how it works. Space is silent \u2013 for the most part.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"how-sound-works\">How sound works<\/h2>\n\n<p>To understand why there\u2019s no sound in space, first consider how sound works. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceworld.ca\/resource\/sound\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sound is a wave<\/a> of energy that moves through a solid, a liquid or a gas. <\/p>\n\n<p>Sound is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/longitudinal-wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a compression wave<\/a>. The energy created when your vocal cords vibrate slightly compresses the air in your throat, and the compressed energy travels outward. <\/p>\n\n<p>A good analogy for sound is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceworld.ca\/resource\/modelling-sound-wave\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slinky toy<\/a>. If you stretch out a Slinky and push hard on one end, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GKzpVUUrwM8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">compression wave travels<\/a> down the Slinky.<\/p>\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fMJrtheQfZw?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n            <figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Slinky toys can demonstrate how sound waves, a type of compression wave, work.<\/span><\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>When you talk, your vocal cords vibrate. They jostle air molecules in your throat above your vocal cords, which in turn jostle or bump into their neighbors, causing a sound to come out of your mouth. <\/p>\n\n<p>Sound moves through air the same way it moves through your throat. Air molecules near your mouth bump into their neighbors, which in turn bump into their neighbors, and the sound moves through the air. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.grc.nasa.gov\/www\/k-12\/BGP\/sound.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sound wave travels quickly<\/a>, about 760 miles per hour (1,223 kilometers per hour), which is faster than a commercial jet.<\/p>\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sQZtKAPv7lI?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n            <figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Sound waves are created when matter vibrates.<\/span><\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"space-is-a-vacuum\">Space is a vacuum<\/h2>\n\n<p>So what about in space?<\/p>\n\n<p>Space is a vacuum, which means it contains almost no matter. The word vacuum <a href=\"https:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/word\/vacuum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comes from the Latin word for empty<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Sound is carried by atoms and molecules. In space, with no atoms or molecules to carry a sound wave, there\u2019s no sound. There\u2019s nothing to get in sound\u2019s way out in space, but there\u2019s nothing to carry it, so it doesn\u2019t travel at all. No sound also means no echo. <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/curious-kids-what-makes-an-echo-109141\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An echo<\/a> happens when a sound wave hits a hard, flat surface and bounces back in the direction it came from.<\/p>\n\n<p>By the way, if you were caught in space outside your spacecraft with no spacesuit, the fact that no one could hear your cry for help is the least of your problems. Any air you still had in your lungs would expand because it was at higher pressure than the vacuum outside. Your lungs would rupture. In a mere <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/how-long-could-you-survive-in-space-without-spacesuit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10 to 15 seconds<\/a>, you\u2019d be unconscious due to a lack of oxygen. <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"sound-in-the-solar-system\">Sound in the solar system<\/h2>\n\n<p>Scientists have wondered how human voices would sound on our nearest neighboring planets, Venus and Mars. This experiment is hypothetical because <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/16907-what-is-the-temperature-of-mars.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars is usually below freezing<\/a>, and its atmosphere is <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mars\/facts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thin, unbreathable carbon dioxide<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/venus\/facts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Venus is even worse<\/a> \u2013 its air is hot enough to melt lead, with a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n<p>On Mars, your voice would sound tinny and hollow, like the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cE26bD_-hN4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sound of a piccolo<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/science\/cosmic-log\/how-would-you-sound-mars-flna659387\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">On Venus<\/a>, the pitch of your voice would be much deeper, like the sound of a booming bass guitar. The reason is the thickness of the atmosphere. On Mars the thin air creates a high-pitched sound, and on Venus the thick air creates a low-pitched sound. The team that worked this out <a href=\"https:\/\/www.southampton.ac.uk\/news\/2012\/04\/the-sounds-of-mars-and-venus.page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">simulated other solar system sounds<\/a>, like a waterfall on Saturn\u2019s moon Titan.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"deep-space-sounds\">Deep space sounds<\/h2>\n\n<p>While space is a good enough vacuum that normal sound can\u2019t travel through it, it\u2019s actually not a perfect vacuum, and it does have some particles floating through it.<\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/34074\/interplanetary-space\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beyond the Earth<\/a> and its atmosphere, there are five particles in a typical cubic centimeter \u2013 the volume of a sugar cube \u2013 that are mostly hydrogen atoms. By contrast, the air you are breathing is 10 billion billion (10<sup>19)<\/sup> times more dense. The density goes down with distance from the Sun, and in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/interstellar-space-definition-explanation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the space between stars<\/a> there are 0.1 particles per cubic centimeter. In vast <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/why-is-space-a-vacuum.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">voids between galaxies<\/a>, it is a million times lower still \u2013 fantastically empty.<\/p>\n\n<p>The voids of space are kept very hot by radiation from stars. The very spread-out matter found there is in a physical state <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psfc.mit.edu\/vision\/what_is_plasma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called a plasma<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>A plasma is a gas in which electrons are separated from protons. In a plasma, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iflscience.com\/is-there-really-no-sound-in-space-69612\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">physics of sound waves get complicated<\/a>. Waves travel much faster in this low-density medium, and their wavelength is much longer.<\/p>\n\n<p>In 2022, NASA released a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en\/article\/y3p3dv\/nasa-has-captured-actual-sound-in-space-and-its-honestly-terrifying\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spectacular example of sound in space<\/a>. It used X-ray data to make an audible recording that represents the way a massive black hole stirs up plasma in the Perseus galaxy cluster, 250 million light years from Earth. The black hole itself emits no sound, but the diffuse plasma around it carries very long wavelength sound waves.<\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<p>The natural sound is far too low a frequency for the human ear to hear, 57 octaves below middle C, which is the middle note on a piano and in the middle of the range of sound people can hear. But after raising the frequency to the audible range, the result is chilling \u2013 it\u2019s the sound of a black hole growling in deep space.<\/p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p><em>Hello, curious kids! Do you have a question you\u2019d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to <a href=\"mailto:curiouskidsus@theconversation.com\">CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com<\/a>. Please tell us your name, age and the city where you live.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p><em>And since curiosity has no age limit \u2013 adults, let us know what you\u2019re wondering, too. We won\u2019t be able to answer every question, but we will do our best.<\/em><!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"The Conversation\"  width=\"1\"  height=\"1\"  style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\"  referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/217885\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" ><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/chris-impey-536311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chris Impey<\/a>, University Distinguished Professor of Astronomy, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-arizona-959\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Arizona<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-isnt-there-any-sound-in-space-an-astronomer-explains-why-in-space-no-one-can-hear-you-scream-217885\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Matter in deep space is very spread out, which makes it impossible for any sound waves to travel.&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":10909,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[35,1113,474],"class_list":{"0":"post-10929","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-space","8":"tag-space","9":"tag-space-travel","10":"tag-the-conversation","11":"cs-entry","12":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10929"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10929\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10930,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10929\/revisions\/10930"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10909"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}