{"id":10538,"date":"2023-11-16T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-16T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=10538"},"modified":"2023-11-03T09:40:02","modified_gmt":"2023-11-03T09:40:02","slug":"is-it-a-cold-flu-or-hay-fever-how-to-tell-symptoms-apart-and-boost-your-immune-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/is-it-a-cold-flu-or-hay-fever-how-to-tell-symptoms-apart-and-boost-your-immune-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Is it a cold, flu or hay fever? How to tell symptoms apart \u2013 and boost your immune\u00a0system"},"content":{"rendered":"\n  <figure>\n    <img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/557073\/original\/file-20231101-29-xjh9ax.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;rect=30%2C0%2C6826%2C4585&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip\" >\n      <figcaption>\n        Many hay fever and cold symptoms in particular overlap.\n        <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/picture-showing-sick-woman-sneezing-home-1398519638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dragana Gordic\/ Shutterstock<\/a><\/span>\n      <\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n\n<span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/samuel-j-white-856869\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Samuel J. White<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/nottingham-trent-university-1338\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nottingham Trent University<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/philippe-b-wilson-1183516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Philippe B. Wilson<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/nottingham-trent-university-1338\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nottingham Trent University<\/a><\/em><\/span>\n\n<p>As the crisp autumn air sets in and leaves turn to shades of red and gold, many of us eagerly anticipate the seasonal delights that come with the autumn and winter months. But, for some, these seasons also bring an unwelcome guest: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/hay-fever\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hay fever<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Hay fever is often associated with spring and summer. But <a href=\"https:\/\/www.immunology.theclinics.com\/article\/S0889-8561(20)30063-1\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">climate change<\/a> means hay fever season now extends well into autumn and winter. This is due to climate change shifting weather patterns and temperatures, causing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2013284118\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extended periods<\/a> of pollen production from various <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.02061.x?casa_token=6cFhOAmSvQkAAAAA:w6_m5iO6NgO03UiUK9hd3MwgkM2SLut6rvhxWUhXUoJiO7RqwnaYpLQRs04-jGO33qYpNhdt6ypcfFdm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plant species<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>This shift in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-022-28764-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hay fever season<\/a> is not just annoying for sufferers. It also makes it particularly confusing in the colder months, when colds and the flu are rife, to determine what\u2019s causing your symptoms, since they so often overlap. This also makes it difficult to know which treatment will work best for your ailment. <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"how-symptoms-compare\">How symptoms compare<\/h2>\n\n<p>Although there are several overlapping symptoms, there are a few key symptoms that can help you distinguish between colds, flu and hay fever:<\/p>\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\" aria-label=\"Table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-Vr2Hh\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/Vr2Hh\/2\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"507\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\"><\/iframe>\n\n<p>Symptoms such as sneezing and a runny or stuffy nose are common in both hay fever and a cold.<\/p>\n\n<p>But if you also have itchy, red, watery or puffy eyes and an itchy throat, you probably have hay fever. These symptoms are much less common with a cold. If your throat feels sore and you also have a cough, you probably have a cold.<\/p>\n\n<p>Flu symptoms rarely crossover with hay fever symptoms \u2013 though they do with colds.<\/p>\n\n<p>A cough is the most common crossover symptom between a cold and the flu. Other symptoms, such as a sore throat, sneezing or a runny nose, can sometimes happen with the flu \u2013 though it\u2019s less common.<\/p>\n\n<p>Likewise, chills, fatigue and body aches \u2013 which are common with the flu \u2013 can sometimes occur in people who have a cold, though this is less typical.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"A man with a fever checks his temperature while lying on a couch.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/557074\/original\/file-20231101-27-9niwf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/557074\/original\/file-20231101-27-9niwf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/557074\/original\/file-20231101-27-9niwf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/557074\/original\/file-20231101-27-9niwf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/557074\/original\/file-20231101-27-9niwf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/557074\/original\/file-20231101-27-9niwf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/557074\/original\/file-20231101-27-9niwf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" >\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Fever is a telltale sign of the flu.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/high-temperature-concept-man-feels-badly-1483258463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">juliaap\/ Shutterstock<\/a><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>The best way to differentiate a cold and the flu is if you have a fever \u2013 and if you\u2019re experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting or diarrhoea, which can sometimes occur with the flu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Another symptom to look out for is temporary loss of smell and taste. While this can occur due to hay fever, it\u2019s usually accompanied by a blocked nose. If you find you have a loss of smell or taste but your nose isn\u2019t blocked, you probably have a cold of the flu. <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"supporting-your-immune-system\">Supporting your immune system<\/h2>\n\n<p>Since no one wants to be struck down by a cold, the flu or hayfever, the best thing you can to to prevent symptoms is boost your immune system using science-backed strategies: <\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><p><strong>Bolster your gut:<\/strong> A diet rich in amino acids, vitamins, minerals and fibre is crucial for both your <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/colds-flu-and-covid-how-diet-and-lifestyle-can-boost-your-immune-system-197151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immune system<\/a> as these are the essential building blocks of immune cells. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/19\/12\/3720\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mediterranean-style diet<\/a> is shown to be beneficial for the immune system for this reason. This diet contains plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds, and protein sources like fish, meat or plant-based alternatives. Additionally, consider <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/19490976.2021.2018899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incorporating probiotics<\/a> to support your immune health \u2013 especially specific blends containing <em>Lactobacillus<\/em> or <em>Bifidobacterium<\/em>, which may potentially <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2225411022000608#:%7E:text=Numerous%20studies%20show%20that%20some,on%20innate%20and%20adaptive%20immunity.&amp;text=Upon%20viral%20infection%2C%20innate%20immunity,first%20line%20of%20host%20defense\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">benefit immune response<\/a> and reduce infection severity. <\/p><\/li>\n<li><p><strong>Avoid smoking and alcohol:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5352117\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Smoking<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4590612\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">excessive alcohol consumption<\/a> are both shown to weaken immune defences. Even just five or six drinks on a night out can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.niaaa.nih.gov\/alcohols-effects-health\/alcohols-effects-body\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suppress the immune system<\/a> for up to 24 hours.<\/p><\/li>\n<li><p><strong>Prioritise sleep:<\/strong> Sleep is important for <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsr.12096\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maintaining immune function<\/a> as it reduces inflammation in the body. Aim to get more at least seven hours a night. Less than this may <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-021-02825-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">increase your likelihood<\/a> of suffering from <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsr.12096\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">common illnesses<\/a>.<\/p><\/li>\n<li><p><strong>Manage stress:<\/strong> The stress hormone cortisol negatively affects immune cells, altering their function. It also increases histamine levels in the bloodstream, worsening allergy symptoms. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4940234\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Practicing mindfulness<\/a> may help manage your stress \u2013 and boost your immune system. <\/p><\/li>\n<li><p><strong>Exercise:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/full\/10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.3.1055?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&amp;url_ver=Z39.88-2003&amp;rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moderate-intensity physical activity<\/a> (such as a brisk walk or ballroom dancing) can improve your immune response. But it\u2019s important to strike the right balance as long, intense exercise without rest between workouts can actually worsen immune function. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/full\/10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.3.1055?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&amp;url_ver=Z39.88-2003&amp;rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some data<\/a>, this decrease can happen after only 90 minutes of moderate- to high-intensity physical activity.<\/p><\/li>\n<li><p><strong>Get your jab:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/vaccines-and-immunization-what-is-vaccination\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vaccination is vital<\/a>. But since you can only vaccinate yourself against the influenza virus, other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/health-protection-in-schools-and-other-childcare-facilities\/preventing-and-controlling-infections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preventive measures<\/a> \u2013 such as washing your hands and wearing a mask in busy, indoor spaces \u2013 can protect you against both colds and the flu.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>If you\u2019re someone who typically experiences hay fever, you may also want to use some additional measures to prevent symptoms:<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><p><strong>Avoid allergens:<\/strong> Steer clear of allergens that trigger symptoms. On high pollen count days, consider <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/hay-fever\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">staying indoors<\/a>, keeping <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15452918\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">windows shut<\/a> and using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0091674909013177?casa_token=CkTL0kWie5kAAAAA:yvBLfFgn9XJPlenxxkLdy4zPxxbXRorx0dDamOIaE6oYYlg4o_o0xn4Ay9IzbhcsJSpF1dE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HEPA filters<\/a> indoors or an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8431835\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">N95 mask<\/a> to filter pollen particles.<\/p><\/li>\n<li><p><strong>Antihistamines:<\/strong> Over-the-counter antihistamines, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/medicines\/cetirizine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cetirisine<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/medicines\/loratadine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">loratadine<\/a>, can be effective in <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.2165\/00003495-200666180-00004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">managing hay fever symptoms<\/a>. These should ideally be taken before exposure to allergens, and continued as long as symptoms last. Be sure to consult with your doctor for guidance before use.<\/p><\/li>\n<li><p><strong>Consider immunotherapy:<\/strong> Allergy shots, or <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/hay-fever-how-immunotherapy-can-help-sufferers-not-getting-relief-from-the-usual-treatments-204945\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immunotherapy<\/a>, can reduce hay fever symptoms by desensitising your immune system to allergens over time, providing long-lasting relief. Immunotherapy needs to be done several times before it\u2019s effective. <\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Making even just a few of these lifestyle adjustments can make a big difference in supporting your immune system and reducing your risk of getting sick or suffering hay fever symptoms during the colder months.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"The Conversation\"  width=\"1\"  height=\"1\"  style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\"  referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/216559\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" ><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/samuel-j-white-856869\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Samuel J. White<\/a>, Senior Lecturer in Genetic Immunology, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/nottingham-trent-university-1338\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nottingham Trent University<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/philippe-b-wilson-1183516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Philippe B. Wilson<\/a>, Professor of One Health, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/nottingham-trent-university-1338\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nottingham Trent University<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/is-it-a-cold-flu-or-hay-fever-how-to-tell-symptoms-apart-and-boost-your-immune-system-216559\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Many hay fever and cold symptoms in particular overlap. Dragana Gordic\/ Shutterstock Samuel J. White, Nottingham Trent University&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":657,"featured_media":10504,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[1118,1119,64,1120,474],"class_list":{"0":"post-10538","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-health-and-body","8":"tag-cold","9":"tag-hay-fever","10":"tag-influenza","11":"tag-symptoms","12":"tag-the-conversation","13":"cs-entry","14":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/657"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10538"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10539,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10538\/revisions\/10539"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}