{"id":10419,"date":"2023-10-31T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-31T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=10419"},"modified":"2023-10-20T17:46:24","modified_gmt":"2023-10-20T17:46:24","slug":"new-class-of-recyclable-polymer-materials-could-one-day-help-reduce-single-use-plastic-waste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/new-class-of-recyclable-polymer-materials-could-one-day-help-reduce-single-use-plastic-waste\/","title":{"rendered":"New class of recyclable polymer materials could one day help reduce single-use plastic waste"},"content":{"rendered":"\n  <figure>\n    <img  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554111\/original\/file-20231016-23-gcf4fp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;rect=79%2C3%2C2038%2C1397&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip\" >\n      <figcaption>\n        Single-use plastics.\n        <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/photo\/various-types-of-plastic-trash-on-the-grass-plastic-royalty-free-image\/1325351577?phrase=plastic&#038;adppopup=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anton Petrus\/Moment<\/a><\/span>\n      <\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n\n<span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/katherine-harry-1479463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Katherine Harry<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/colorado-state-university-1267\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado State University<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/emma-rettner-1480140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emma Rettner<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/colorado-state-university-1267\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado State University<\/a><\/em><\/span>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/interactives\/beat-plastic-pollution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hundreds of millions of tons<\/a> of single-use plastic ends up in landfills every year, and even the small percentage of plastic that gets recycled can\u2019t last forever. But our group of materials scientists has developed a new method for creating and deconstructing polymers that could lead to more easily recycled plastics \u2013 ones that don\u2019t require you to carefully sort out all your recycling on trash day. <\/p>\n\n<p>In the century since their conception, people have come to understand the enormous impacts \u2013 beneficial as well as detrimental \u2013 plastics have on human lives and the environment. As a <a href=\"https:\/\/miyakelab.colostate.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">group of polymer scientists<\/a> dedicated to inventing sustainable solutions for real-world problems, we set out to tackle this issue by rethinking the way polymers are designed and making plastics with recyclability built right in. <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"why-use-plastics-anyway\">Why use plastics, anyway?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Everyday items including milk jugs, grocery bags, takeout containers and even ropes are made from a class of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.polymersolutions.com\/blog\/top-types-of-polyolefins-the-most-common-kind-of-plastics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">polymers called polyolefins<\/a>. Polyolefins make up around <a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/plastic-waste-polymer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">half of the plastics<\/a> produced and disposed of every year. <\/p>\n\n<p>These polymers are used in plastics commonly labeled as HDPE, LLDPE or PP, or by their recycling codes #2, #4 and #5, respectively. These plastics are incredibly durable because the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b06635\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chemical bonds<\/a> that make them up are extremely stable. But in a world set up for single-use consumption, this is no longer a design feature but rather a design flaw. <\/p>\n\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"2k7dQ\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/2k7dQ\/1\/\" height=\"400px\" width=\"100%\" style=\"border: none\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n<p>Imagine if half of the plastics used today were recyclable by twice as many processes as they are now. While that wouldn\u2019t get the recycling rate to 100%, a jump from single digits \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/articles\/department-energy-releases-plastics-innovation-challenge-draft-roadmap-and-request\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">currently around 9%<\/a> \u2013 to double digits would make a big dent in the plastics produced, the plastics accumulated in the environment and their capacity for recycling and reuse. <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"recycling-methods-we-already-have\">Recycling methods we already have<\/h2>\n\n<p>Even the plastics that make it to a recycling facility <a href=\"https:\/\/ellenmacarthurfoundation.org\/plastics-and-the-circular-economy-deep-dive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">can\u2019t be reused<\/a> in exactly the same way they were used before \u2013 the recycling process degrades the material, so it loses utility and value. Instead of making a plastic cup that is downgraded each time it gets recycled, manufacturers could potentially make plastics once, collect them and reuse them on and on.<\/p>\n\n<p>Conventional recycling requires careful sorting of all the collected materials, which can be hard with so many different plastics. Here in the U.S., collection happens mainly through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.container-recycling.org\/index.php\/issues\/single-stream-recycling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">single stream recycling<\/a> \u2013 everything from metal cans, glass bottles, cardboard boxes and plastic cups end up in the same bin. Separating paper from metal doesn\u2019t require complex technology, but sorting a polypropylene container from a polyethylene milk jug is hard to do without the occasional mistake. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554113\/original\/file-20231016-20-hwyi6k.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"Two workers, in bright yellow, stand at a conveyor belt covered in plastics in a recycling facility.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554113\/original\/file-20231016-20-hwyi6k.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554113\/original\/file-20231016-20-hwyi6k.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554113\/original\/file-20231016-20-hwyi6k.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554113\/original\/file-20231016-20-hwyi6k.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554113\/original\/file-20231016-20-hwyi6k.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554113\/original\/file-20231016-20-hwyi6k.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554113\/original\/file-20231016-20-hwyi6k.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" ><\/a>\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Recycling workers sort through materials.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/newsroom.ap.org\/detail\/OhioRecycling\/d1c2014b8c194d55b9f06a328b2dd4a5\/photo?Query=recycling%20plant&amp;mediaType=photo&amp;sortBy=&amp;dateRange=Anytime&amp;totalCount=181&amp;currentItemNo=22&amp;vs=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AP Photo\/Mark Gillispie<\/a><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>When two different plastics are mixed together during recycling, their useful properties are hugely reduced \u2013 to the point of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/why-its-so-hard-to-recycle-plastic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">making them useless<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>But say you can recycle one of these plastics by a different method, so it doesn\u2019t end up contaminating the recycling stream. When we mixed samples of polypropylene with a polymer we made, we were <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adh3353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still able to depolymerize<\/a> \u2013 or break down the material \u2013 and regain our building blocks without chemically affecting the polypropylene. This indicated that a contaminated waste stream could still recover its value, and the material in it could go on to be recycled, either mechanically or chemically. <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"plastics-we-need-%e2%88%92-but-more-recyclable\">Plastics we need \u2212 but more recyclable<\/h2>\n\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adh3353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a study published in October 2023<\/a>, our team developed a series of polymers with only two simple building blocks \u2013 one soft polymer and one hard polymer \u2013 that mimicked polyolefins but could also be chemically recycled.<\/p>\n\n<p>Connecting two different polymers together multiple times until they form a single, long molecule creates what\u2019s called a <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacsau.1c00500\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">multiblock polymer<\/a>. Just by adjusting how much of each polymer type goes into the multiblock polymer, our team created a wide range of materials with properties that spanned across polyolefin types. But creating these multiblock polymers is easier said than done. <\/p>\n\n<p>To link these hard and soft polymers, we <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adh3353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">adapted a technique<\/a> that had previously been used only on very small molecules. This method is improved relative to traditional methods of making polymers in a step-by-step fashion, developed in the 1920s, where the reactive groups on the end of the molecules need to be exactly matched. <\/p>\n\n<p>In our method, the reactive groups are now the same as each other, meaning we didn\u2019t have to worry about pairing the ends of each building block to make polymers that can compete with the polyolefins we already use. Using the same strategy, applied in reverse by adding hydrogen, we could disconnect the polymers back into their building blocks and easily separate them to use again. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554857\/original\/file-20231019-21-9enk8w.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img  decoding=\"async\"  alt=\"A graph showing a steady increase in single-use plastic use across all plastic types shown, from X to projected in 2050.\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-ls-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554857\/original\/file-20231019-21-9enk8w.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"  data-pk-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554857\/original\/file-20231019-21-9enk8w.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=302&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554857\/original\/file-20231019-21-9enk8w.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=302&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554857\/original\/file-20231019-21-9enk8w.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=302&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554857\/original\/file-20231019-21-9enk8w.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=380&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554857\/original\/file-20231019-21-9enk8w.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=380&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/554857\/original\/file-20231019-21-9enk8w.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=380&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" ><\/a>\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Realized and predicted production of commodity plastics through 2050.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2021\/01\/f82\/Plastics%20Innovation%20Challenge%20Draft%20Roadmap.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Energy Agency<\/a><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure>\n\n<p>With an almost <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/plastic-consumption-course-nearly-double-by-2050-research-2023-02-27\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">twofold increase in annual plastic use<\/a> projected through 2050, the complexity and quantity of plastic recycling will only increase. It\u2019s an important consideration when designing new materials and products. <\/p>\n\n<p>Using just two building blocks to make plastics that have a huge variety of properties can go a long way toward reducing and streamlining the number of different plastics used to make the products we need. Instead of needing one plastic to make something pliable, another for something stiff, and a third, fourth and fifth for properties in between, we could control the behavior of plastics by just changing how much of each building block is there.<\/p>\n\n<p>Although we\u2019re still in the process of answering some big questions about these polymers, we believe this work is a step in the right direction toward more sustainable plastics. <\/p>\n\n<p>We were <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adh3353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">able to create materials<\/a> that mimic the properties of plastics the world relies on, and our sights are now set on creating plastic compositions that you couldn\u2019t with existing methods.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img  loading=\"lazy\"  decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABAQMAAAAl21bKAAAAA1BMVEUAAP+KeNJXAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAApJREFUCNdjYAAAAAIAAeIhvDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"  alt=\"The Conversation\"  width=\"1\"  height=\"1\"  style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\"  referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"  class=\" pk-lazyload\"  data-pk-sizes=\"auto\"  data-pk-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/215652\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" ><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/katherine-harry-1479463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Katherine Harry<\/a>, PhD Student in Chemistry, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/colorado-state-university-1267\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado State University<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/emma-rettner-1480140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emma Rettner<\/a>, PhD Candidate in Materials Science and Engineering, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/colorado-state-university-1267\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado State University<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/new-class-of-recyclable-polymer-materials-could-one-day-help-reduce-single-use-plastic-waste-215652\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Single-use plastics. Anton Petrus\/Moment Katherine Harry, Colorado State University and Emma Rettner, Colorado State University Hundreds of millions&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":642,"featured_media":10397,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[313,388,181,474],"class_list":{"0":"post-10419","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-math-and-the-sciences","8":"tag-chemistry","9":"tag-polymer","10":"tag-recycling","11":"tag-the-conversation","12":"cs-entry","13":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/642"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10419"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10419\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10420,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10419\/revisions\/10420"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}