{"id":10234,"date":"2023-10-12T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-12T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/?p=10234"},"modified":"2023-09-27T07:07:17","modified_gmt":"2023-09-27T07:07:17","slug":"is-it-normal-to-forget-words-while-speaking-and-when-can-it-spell-a-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/is-it-normal-to-forget-words-while-speaking-and-when-can-it-spell-a-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"Is it normal to forget words while speaking? And when can it spell a problem?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n \n
\n \n mimi thian\/unsplash<\/span><\/span>\n <\/figcaption>\n <\/figure>\n\nGreig de Zubicaray<\/a>, Queensland University of Technology<\/a><\/em><\/span>\n\n

We\u2019ve all experienced that moment mid-sentence when we just can\u2019t find the word we want to use, even though we\u2019re certain we know it. <\/p>\n\n

Why does this universal problem among speakers happen? <\/p>\n\n

And when can word-finding difficulties indicate something serious? <\/p>\n\n

Everyone will experience an occasional word-finding difficulty, but if they happen very often with a broad range of words, names and numbers, this could be a sign of a neurological disorder.<\/p>\n\n

The steps involved in speaking<\/h2>\n\n

Producing spoken words involves several stages of processing<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n

These include:<\/p>\n\n

    \n

  1. identifying the intended meaning<\/p><\/li>\n

  2. selecting the right word from the \u201cmental lexicon\u201d (a mental dictionary of the speaker\u2019s vocabulary)<\/p><\/li>\n

  3. retrieving its sound pattern (called its \u201cform\u201d) <\/p><\/li>\n

  4. executing the movements of the speech organs for articulating it. <\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Word-finding difficulties can potentially arise at each of these stages of processing.<\/p>\n\n

    When a healthy speaker can\u2019t retrieve a word from their lexicon despite the feeling of knowing it, this is called a \u201ctip-of-the-tongue\u201d phenomenon by language scientists. <\/p>\n\n

    Often, the frustrated speaker will try to give a bit of information about their intended word\u2019s meaning, \u201cyou know, that thing you hit a nail with\u201d, or its spelling, \u201cit starts with an H<\/em>!\u201d. <\/p>\n\n

    Tip-of-the-tongue states are relatively common and are a type of speech error that occurs primarily during retrieval of the sound pattern of a word (step three above).<\/p>\n\n

    What can affect word finding?<\/h2>\n\n

    Word-finding difficulties occur at all ages but they do happen more often as we get older. In older adults, they can cause frustration and anxiety about the possibility of developing dementia. But they\u2019re not always a cause for concern. <\/p>\n\n

    One way researchers investigate word-finding difficulties is to ask people to keep a diary to record how often and in what context they occur. Diary studies<\/a> have shown that some word types, such as names of people and places, concrete nouns (things, such as \u201cdog\u201d or \u201cbuilding\u201d) and abstract nouns (concepts, such as \u201cbeauty\u201d or \u201ctruth\u201d), are more likely to result in tip-of-the-tongue states compared with verbs and adjectives. <\/p>\n\n

    Less frequently used words are also more likely to result in tip-of-the-tongue states. It\u2019s thought this is because they have weaker connections between their meanings and their sound patterns than more frequently used words. <\/p>\n\n

    Laboratory studies have also shown tip-of-the-tongue states are more likely to occur under socially stressful<\/a> conditions when speakers are told they are being evaluated, regardless of their age. Many people report having experienced tip-of-the-tongue problems during job interviews.<\/p>\n\n

    When could it spell more serious issues?<\/h2>\n\n

    More frequent failures with a broader range of words, names and numbers are likely to indicate more serious issues. <\/p>\n\n

    When this happens, language scientists use the terms \u201canomia\u201d or \u201canomic aphasia<\/a>\u201d to describe the condition, which can be associated with brain damage due to stroke, tumours, head injury or dementia such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Recently, the actor Bruce Willis\u2019s family revealed<\/a> he has been diagnosed with a degenerative disorder known as primary progressive aphasia, for which one of the earliest symptoms is word-finding difficulties rather than memory loss. <\/p>\n\n

    Primary progressive aphasia is typically associated with frontotemporal or Alzheimer\u2019s dementias, although it can be associated with other pathologies<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

    Anomic aphasia can arise due to problems occurring at different stages of speech production. An assessment by a clinical neuropsychologist or speech pathologist can help clarify which processing stage is affected and how serious the problem might be. <\/p>\n\n

    For example, if a person is unable to name a picture of a common object such as a hammer, a clinical neuropsychologist or speech pathologist will ask them to describe what the object is used for (the individual might then say \u201cit\u2019s something you hit things with\u201d or \u201cit\u2019s a tool\u201d). <\/p>\n\n

    If they can\u2019t, they will be asked to gesture or mime how it\u2019s used. They might also be provided with a cue or prompt, such as the first letter (h<\/em>) or syllable (ham<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n

    Most people with anomic aphasia benefit greatly from being prompted, indicating they are mostly experiencing problems with later stages of retrieving word forms and motor aspects of speech. <\/p>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n

    But if they\u2019re unable to describe or mime the object\u2019s use, and cueing does not help, this is likely to indicate an actual loss of word knowledge or meaning. This is typically a sign of a more serious issue such as primary progressive aphasia. <\/p>\n\n

    Imaging studies<\/a> in healthy adults and people with anomic aphasia have shown different areas of the brain are responsible for their word-finding difficulties.<\/p>\n\n

    In healthy adults<\/a>, occasional failures to name a picture of a common object are linked with changes in activity in brain regions that control motor aspects of speech, suggesting a spontaneous problem with articulation rather than a loss of word knowledge. <\/p>\n\n

    In anomia due to primary progressive aphasia, brain regions that process word meanings show a loss of nerve cells and connections or atrophy<\/a><\/em>. <\/p>\n\n

    Although anomic aphasia is common after strokes to the left hemisphere of the brain, the associated word-finding difficulties do not appear to be distinguishable by specific areas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    There are treatments<\/a> available for anomic aphasia. These will often involve speech pathologists training the individual on naming tasks using different kinds of cues or prompts to help retrieve words. The cues can be various meaningful features of objects and ideas, or sound features of words, or a combination of both. Smart tablet<\/a> and phone apps also show promise when used to complement therapy with home-based practice.<\/p>\n\n

    The type of cue used for treatment is determined by the nature of the person\u2019s impairment. Successful treatment is associated with changes in activity in brain regions<\/a> known to support speech production. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for primary progressive aphasia, although some studies<\/a> have suggested speech therapy can produce temporary benefits.<\/p>\n\n

    If you\u2019re concerned about your word-finding difficulties or those of a loved one, you can consult your GP for a referral to a clinical neuropsychologist or a speech pathologist. \"The<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Greig de Zubicaray<\/a>, Professor of Neuropsychology, Queensland University of Technology<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n

    This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"mimi thian\/unsplash Greig de Zubicaray, Queensland University of Technology We\u2019ve all experienced that moment mid-sentence when we just…\n","protected":false},"author":625,"featured_media":10217,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[563,474],"class_list":{"0":"post-10234","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-health-and-body","8":"tag-psychology","9":"tag-the-conversation","10":"cs-entry","11":"cs-video-wrap"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/625"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10234"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10236,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10234\/revisions\/10236"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10217"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modernsciences.org\/staging\/4414\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}