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# Modern Sciences

A media company that aims to provide the academics, researchers, and science enthusiasts with the latest news and stories in the world of Applied and Pure Science.

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://modernsciences.org/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [Prehistoric Planet 2: Uncovering the Secret of Triceratops' Unique Frill](https://modernsciences.org/prehistoric-planet-2-uncovering-the-secret-of-triceratops-unique-frill/) - T. rex has almost always been depicted in combat against, or perhaps even losing to, one particular favorite herbivorous dinosaur: the legendary Triceratops, perhaps best known for its distinct three horns and its sizeable bony frill atop its head. What was that large bone structure used for?
- [Prehistoric Planet 2: Ankylosaurs - Earth's Living Tanks](https://modernsciences.org/prehistoric-planet-2-ankylosaurs-earths-living-tanks/) - Before Triceratops ever walked the Earth, dinosaurs already existed, whose features can only be best described as "living tanks." These are the ankylosaurs, with armored bodies and even a bony club at the ends of some species' tails. Did these animals seek the thrill of battle, or was there more to their distinct armored features?
- [Glass: Neither a solid nor a liquid, this common yet complicated material is still surprising scientists](https://modernsciences.org/glass-neither-a-solid-nor-a-liquid-this-common-yet-complicated-material-is-still-surprising-scientists/) - John Mauro, Penn State and Katelyn Kirchner, Penn State Glass is a material of many faces: It is both ancient and modern, strong yet delicate, and able to adopt almost any shape or color. These properties of glass are why people use it to make everything from smartphone screens and fiber-optic cables to vials that
- [Antarctic tipping points: the irreversible changes to come if we fail to keep warming below 2℃](https://modernsciences.org/antarctic-tipping-points-the-irreversible-changes-to-come-if-we-fail-to-keep-warming-below-2c/) - Timothy Naish, Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington The slow-down of the Southern Ocean circulation, a dramatic drop in the extent of sea ice and unprecedented heatwaves are all raising concerns that Antarctica may be approaching tipping points. The world has now warmed by 1.2℃ above pre-industrial levels (defined as the average temperature
- [Bad break-up in warm waters: why marine sponges suffer with rising temperatures](https://modernsciences.org/bad-break-up-in-warm-waters-why-marine-sponges-suffer-with-rising-temperatures/) - Emmanuelle Botté, UNSW Sydney; Heidi M. Luter, Australian Institute of Marine Science, and James Bell, Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington Marine sponges have started dying in vast numbers in coastal areas around the globe. Just this year, thousands of sponges turned white and died in New Zealand and in the Mediterranean Sea.
- [Wildfire smoke and dirty air are also climate change problems: Solutions for a world on fire](https://modernsciences.org/wildfire-smoke-and-dirty-air-are-also-climate-change-problems-solutions-for-a-world-on-fire/) - Drew Shindell, Duke University As the eastern U.S. and Canada reeled from days of thick wildfire smoke in early June 2023, millions of people faced the reality of climate change for the first time. Shocking images of New York under apocalyptic orange skies left many people glued to air quality indices and wondering whether it
- [I suffer from the world’s most beautiful disease - and also the most expensive to treat](https://modernsciences.org/i-suffer-from-the-worlds-most-beautiful-disease-and-also-the-most-expensive-to-treat/) - Antonio J. Pérez Pulido, Universidad Pablo de Olavide My name is Antonio and I suffer from spinal muscular atrophy (SMA, for friends). My life expectancy was only a few years when I was born, almost half a century ago. And all because I “got” a rare, neurodegenerative disease, which is among the genetic diseases with
- [There could still be a ninth planet in our Solar System – here’s why](https://modernsciences.org/there-could-still-be-a-ninth-planet-in-our-solar-system-heres-why/) - Héctor Socas-Navarro, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Ignacio Trujillo Cabrera, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias We all used to think there were nine planets. But in 2006 the solar system was left with only eight planets, when Pluto was no longer classified as such. Is it still possible there is a planet out there
- [Groundwater Redistribution Affects Earth's Rotation, New Study Reveals](https://modernsciences.org/groundwater-redistribution-affects-earths-rotation-new-study-reveals/) - According to a study published in Geophysical Research Letters, humans have shifted a significant mass of water by pumping it out of the ground and redistributing it elsewhere. This water redistribution has caused the Earth to tilt approximately 80 centimeters (31.5 inches) east between 1993 and 2010. Previous estimates suggested that humans pumped 2,150 gigatons
- [South Africa is famous for its biodiversity: a new network will store and manage its plant and animal samples](https://modernsciences.org/south-africa-is-famous-for-its-biodiversity-a-new-network-will-store-and-manage-its-plant-and-animal-samples/) - Michelle Hamer, South African National Biodiversity Institute South Africa has created a network of facilities to store hundreds of thousands of samples of biological material from plants, animals, bacteria and fungi. The samples are currently held in biobanks in the country. The aim is twofold: to ensure researchers have access to all available samples, and
- [Pope Francis is recovering from hernia surgery. But what exactly is a hernia?](https://modernsciences.org/pope-francis-is-recovering-from-hernia-surgery-but-what-exactly-is-a-hernia/) - Vincent Ho, Western Sydney University Pope Francis has had an operation this week to remove a hernia, which his surgeon said had been causing him increasingly frequent pain. This planned surgery was to remove a type of hernia caused by scarring from previous operations, known as an incisional hernia. Hernias are common and there are
- [Breakthrough in Microscope Technology Boosts Quantum Research](https://modernsciences.org/breakthrough-in-microscope-technology-boosts-quantum-research/) - Researchers at the Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, have discovered a method to create single atomic vacancies in the atomically thin insulator hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) under ultra-high vacuum conditions. This breakthrough, detailed in the journal Small, could have significant implications for applications in quantum computation, information
- [Prehistoric Planet 2: The Twisted Life of Ammonites](https://modernsciences.org/prehistoric-planet-2-the-twisted-life-of-ammonites/) - These animals were once so ubiquitous that their presence is now often used to demarcate specific geologic time periods in the fossil record. What were the ammonites, and how did the planet get so many of them?
- [Brightest cosmic explosion of all time: how we may have solved the mystery of its puzzling persistence](https://modernsciences.org/brightest-cosmic-explosion-of-all-time-how-we-may-have-solved-the-mystery-of-its-puzzling-persistence/) - Hendrik Van Eerten, University of Bath First detected accidentally by US military satellites in the late 1960s, cosmic explosions known as gamma ray bursts (GRBs) have come to be understood as the brightest explosions in the universe. Typically, they are the result of the cataclysmic birth of a black hole in a distant galaxy. One
- [Crocodile’s ‘virgin birth’ is a first for science’s history books](https://modernsciences.org/crocodiles-virgin-birth-is-a-first-for-sciences-history-books/) - Louise Gentle, Nottingham Trent University Stories of virgin births, where young are produced without fertilisation, have been told throughout history. Mars the ancient Roman god, Horus the ancient Egyptian god and Qi from ancient Chinese mythology were all born to virgins. But virgin births actually do happen in the natural world. The first evidence of
- [While humans were in strict lockdown, wild mammals roamed further – new research](https://modernsciences.org/while-humans-were-in-strict-lockdown-wild-mammals-roamed-further-new-research/) - Robert Patchett, University of St Andrews At one point in 2020, 4.4 billion people – more than half of the world’s population – were under lockdown restrictions to stem the spread of COVID-19. This was such a sudden and substantial event that it has become known as the anthropause. Many bustling cities fell silent, often
- [Long COVID could be caused by the virus lingering in the body. Here’s what the science says](https://modernsciences.org/long-covid-could-be-caused-by-the-virus-lingering-in-the-body-heres-what-the-science-says/) - Stephen Kent, The University of Melbourne and Chansavath Phetsouphanh, UNSW Sydney While most people survive and recover from COVID, for some people symptoms can persist for months or years. When symptoms last longer than 12 weeks, the condition is known as long COVID. Long COVID encompasses up to 200 different symptoms. To determine evidence-based treatments
- [Scientists Expand Search for Alien Life with New Signal Detection Approach](https://modernsciences.org/scientists-expand-search-for-alien-life-with-new-signal-detection-approach/) - Scientists have expanded their search for technologically advanced extraterrestrial civilizations by focusing on a new type of signal that could indicate intelligent alien life. Previous efforts focused on narrowband radio signals or single unusual transmissions, but this initiative targets wideband pulsating signals with repetitive patterns. These signals, which repeat every 11 to 100 seconds across
- [Blockchain is a key technology – a computer scientist explains why the post-crypto-crash future is bright](https://modernsciences.org/blockchain-is-a-key-technology-a-computer-scientist-explains-why-the-post-crypto-crash-future-is-bright/) - Yu Chen, Binghamton University, State University of New York People hear a lot about blockchain technology in relation to cryptocurrencies like bitcoin, which rely on blockchain systems to keep records of financial transactions between people and businesses. But a crash in public trust in cryptocurrencies like TerraUSD – and therefore a massive drop in their
- [Astronomers Confirm the Existence of Earth's "Quasi-Moon"](https://modernsciences.org/astronomers-confirm-the-existence-of-earths-quasi-moon/) - Astronomers have identified Earth's new ancient celestial companion, asteroid 2023 FW13. This asteroid orbits the sun synchronously with Earth, earning it the title of our planet's "quasi-moon." Its complex orbit extends halfway between Mars and Venus, as reported by Sky & Telescope's David Chandler. The discovery was made on March 28 by scientists using the
- [How understanding plant body clocks could help transform how food is grown](https://modernsciences.org/how-understanding-plant-body-clocks-could-help-transform-how-food-is-grown/) - Katharine Hubbard, University of Hull Have you ever had a bad case of jet lag? That horrible feeling when you get off a long haul flight and your body is telling you it’s time to go to sleep, but the outside world is telling you it’s time for breakfast? That’s the biological effects of your
- [Webb Telescope's Deep Dive into NGC 5068's Star Formation Unveiled](https://modernsciences.org/webb-telescopes-deep-dive-into-ngc-5068s-star-formation-unveiled/) - The James Webb Space Telescope recently presented a stunning image showcasing the barred spiral galaxy NGC 5068, captured using two of Webb's instruments. This galaxy, located approximately 20 million light-years away in the Virgo constellation, exhibits intricate dust patterns and bright star clusters. Revealed by NASA Administrator Bill Nelson during an event at the Copernicus
- [The ‘good fire’: Prescribed burning can prevent catastrophic wildfires in the future](https://modernsciences.org/the-good-fire-prescribed-burning-can-prevent-catastrophic-wildfires-in-the-future/) - Eric Lamb, University of Saskatchewan Roaring flames, burned-out houses and cars, hazy air and orange skies are all around us. Already this year, millions of hectares have been torched by more than 2,200 wildfires in Canada. In the midst of another unprecedented fire season, it is easy to see fire as a destructive force to
- [8 principles from human ecology can help AI work for human well‑being](https://modernsciences.org/8-principles-human-ecology-ai-wellbeing-july-2026/) - Dipesh Navsaria, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Lori DiPrete Brown, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Soyeon Shim, University of Wisconsin-Madison Artificial intelligence is reshaping relationships by providing conversation and companionship, and reshaping how people work. For children, it is making toys interactive and data-driven, and it is mechanizing and perhaps dehumanizing healthcare. The speed and magnitude of these
- [Europe is battling a record‑breaking heatwave. What’s making it so severe?](https://modernsciences.org/europe-record-breaking-heatwave-climate-change-july-2026/) - Andrew B. Watkins, Monash University Sweltering temperatures are shattering records across Europe, as the continent battles a deadly heatwave. On Tuesday and Wednesday, France endured its hottest days in history, with western regions reaching highs of between 39°C and 43°C. Wednesday was the United Kingdom’s warmest June day on record, with the mercury climbing to
- [Two decades of research show Indonesia’s coral reefs are heat‑tolerant — but only up to a point](https://modernsciences.org/indonesia-coral-reef-resilience-thermal-thresholds-july-2026/) - Tries Blandine Razak, IPB University Indonesia is home to the world’s largest and most biodiverse coral reef system, spanning more than 32,000 square kilometres across the archipelago. Just like what is happening globally, these reefs are now bearing the brunt of a warming ocean. Our new study, however, found that despite rising sea temperatures, coral
- [I study the Declaration of Independence, and here’s why the colonists’ grievances are surprisingly relevant, 250 years later](https://modernsciences.org/i-study-the-declaration-of-independence-and-heres-why-the-colonists-grievances-are-surprisingly-relevant-250-years-later/) - Robert Parkinson, Binghamton University, State University of New York The Declaration of Independence, with its block of cursive letters scrawled onto parchment, looks like a relic from the distant past. Likewise, you might think the 27 grievances against King George III, his government and the British people listed in the body of the document would
- [Could it be aliens? From Cheyava Falls on Mars to exoplanet K2‑18b – here’s what scientists really think](https://modernsciences.org/scientists-opinion-extraterrestrial-life-mars-k2-18b-june-2026/) - Peter Vickers, Durham University It may seem like we are on the verge of discovering alien life. In 2025, a press release stated that we have the “strongest hints yet” of extraterrestrial life on the exoplanet K2-18b. And when talking about a collected sample from a rock named “Cheyava Falls” on Mars, Nasa Administrator Sean
- [The Milky Way was rewired by a cataclysmic collision billions of years ago. Now it is on course for another](https://modernsciences.org/milky-way-galaxy-mergers-gaia-sausage-lmc-collision-june-2026/) - Vasily Belokurov, University of Cambridge Vasily Belokurov is one of three winners of the 2026 Kavli Prize in Astrophysics. The award is for uncovering fossil evidence of past galactic mergers that prove how the Milky Way evolved. No matter the time or vantage point, from a pre-Neolithic cave to a post-lockdown London high-rise, the predictability
- [House of the Dragon: four real historic women who inspired the show](https://modernsciences.org/historic-women-inspired-house-of-the-dragon-june-2026/) - Stacy Olive Jarvis, University of Birmingham Dragons may be fictional, but the struggle for the throne, influence and legitimacy in House of the Dragons has roots in conflicts that shaped real history. Long before the fictional Westeros, women across Europe and Asia faced rival claimants, political factions and systems designed to keep them from power.
- [Heat waves increase wildfire risk – a new study explains how much, and it’s not a small number](https://modernsciences.org/heat-waves-increase-wildfire-risk-western-us-june-2026/) - Dmitri Kalashnikov, University of California, Merced; Cong Yin, University of California, Merced; Madhulika Gurazada, University of California, Merced, and Mukesh Kumar, University of California, Merced When heat waves hit the Western United States, the risk of wildfires quickly rises. The prolonged heat dries out vegetation, but that’s only part of the cause – heat waves
- [World Cup technology: from ref cams to AI analysts, cutting‑edge research is changing the game](https://modernsciences.org/world-cup-technology-ai-referee-sensors-june-2026/) - Thomas Allen, Manchester Metropolitan University The men’s football World Cup presents a unique global opportunity to showcase new football technology – from boots and balls to digital systems designed to enhance both officiating accuracy and fan engagement. The process of bringing these technologies to the game often begins in universities and other research institutions. The
- [Quantum sensors could spot hidden damage in the thousands of US bridges rated ‘structurally deficient’](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-sensors-us-bridge-structural-damage-detection-june-2026/) - Alex Krasnok, Florida International University Every bridge has parts that drivers never see: steel buried in concrete, welds tucked under girders, and soil packed around foundations below the waterline. A bridge can look fine from the road while rust spreads around steel hidden inside concrete. A small fatigue crack can lengthen. A flood can wash
- [This tiny Australian spider uses a high‑powered web catapult to trap and eat aggressive ants](https://modernsciences.org/ballista-spider-web-catapult-green-tree-ant-june-2026/) - Ajay Narendra, Macquarie University There’s more than one way a spider can spin its web. Some construct large vertical orb webs, while others build horizontal sheet webs or tangled cobwebs that ensnare crawling insects. There’s also more than one way a spider can catch its dinner. Net-casting spiders throw small silk nets over unsuspecting prey,
- [Weight‑loss drugs like Ozempic could work for addiction too – and we finally know how](https://modernsciences.org/ozempic-glp1-agonists-addiction-lateral-septum-june-2026/) - Robert Munn, University of Otago For many people, the thought of a tasty burger or a cold pint of beer conjures up a vivid mental image and drives behaviour. This link between thinking and doing serves a clear function – it motivates us to get the necessities for life. But for some, this process can
- [Earth’s oldest crater really is over 3 billion years old, new study confirms](https://modernsciences.org/oldest-confirmed-impact-crater-pilbara-archean-june-2026/) - Chris Kirkland, Curtin University In the Pilbara of Western Australia, some of Earth’s oldest rocks lie beneath the sky, as they have for billions of years. They are dark, weathered volcanic rocks, close to 3.5 billion years old, cut by veins and stewed by deep time. Their survival is remarkable. Most rocks this old have
- [Kids on social media more than two hours a day at higher risk of mental illness](https://modernsciences.org/adolescent-social-media-mental-health-risks-june-2026/) - Nandi Vijayakumar, Deakin University; Susan M. Sawyer, The University of Melbourne, and Sylvia C. Lin, Deakin University; Murdoch Children's Research Institute As the United Kingdom and other countries make moves to follow Australia’s lead in restricting access to social media for under 16s, there is still much we don’t know about how the technology impacts
- [One of the world’s most important climate threats has an image problem](https://modernsciences.org/atlantic-overturning-circulation-amoc-climate-journalism-june-2026/) - Fionagh Thomson, Durham University Deep in the Atlantic, a vast circulation of water carries heat from the tropics towards Greenland. This is the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, or Amoc. It does this work largely out of sight, so doesn’t have the public profile of rainforests, polar ice caps or other huge climate-regulating systems. Recent studies
- [Why drinking alcohol makes you reach for chips and nachos](https://modernsciences.org/alcohol-induced-protein-cravings-junk-food-savoury-snacks-june-2026/) - David Raubenheimer, University of Sydney; Amanda Grech, University of Sydney, and Stephen J Simpson, University of Sydney Have you ever wondered why savoury foods like chips, nachos and salted nuts go so well with a beer or glass of wine? And why sometimes you feel an insatiable appetite for junk food while drinking? Our new
- [The mathematical secrets hidden at the heart of Barcelona’s Sagrada Família](https://modernsciences.org/mathematical-secrets-sagrada-familia-gaudi-june-2026/) - Sergi Muria Maldonado, Universitat de Barcelona; Anton Aubanell Pou, Universitat de Barcelona, and Jordi Font González, Universitat de Barcelona 2026 marks 100 years since the death of Antoni Gaudí, the architect of the Basilica of the Sagrada Família in Barcelona. While the temple’s beauty is extraordinary in its own right, it becomes even more profound
- [Cities are making it rain more – but not as much as scientists thought](https://modernsciences.org/urban-rainfall-trends-satellite-sampling-bias-june-2026/) - Shankar Sharma, UNSW Sydney; Andy Pitman, UNSW Sydney, and Jason Evans, UNSW Sydney After another spell of wet weather along Australia’s east coast, with storms, heavy rain and flash flooding across Sydney and parts of New South Wales, it is natural to ask whether our cities are shaping the rainfall that descends upon them. This
- [A 5.3 million‑year‑old whale graveyard has been found on the floor of the Indian Ocean](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-whale-graveyard-diamantina-zone-indian-ocean-june-2026/) - Vanessa Pirotta, Macquarie University When a whale dies, a very special natural phenomenon can come alive. The carcass might float at the surface for some time, attracting sharks and other predators. As it becomes weathered it may start to sink, falling through the water until it eventually settles on the seafloor where deep sea scavengers
- [Worried about your child’s sleep? Keep screens out of bedrooms and limit iPads before bed](https://modernsciences.org/child-sleep-screen-time-bedroom-guidelines-june-2026/) - Cassandra Pattinson, The University of Queensland Sleep can be one of the trickiest things for families with little kids. It’s not just important for parental sanity or a child’s grumpiness levels the next day. Sleep is crucial for brain development, especially in the early years. We also know getting enough sleep is important for learning
- [Could aliens ever visit Earth? An aerospace scientist unpacks the challenges of interstellar spaceflight](https://modernsciences.org/interstellar-spaceflight-challenges-alien-visit-feasibility-june-2026/) - Kai James, Georgia Institute of Technology On May 22, 2026, the Pentagon released a second batch of previously classified photos and videos showing what appear to be unexplained flying objects. These file dumps were the culmination of a process that was set in motion back in July 2023, when a group of government whistleblowers testified
- [If AI is addictive, where does the responsibility lie – with big tech or its users?](https://modernsciences.org/generative-ai-addiction-responsibility-big-tech-june-2026/) - Bernd Stahl, University of Nottingham When I talk to my son, an engineering student, and we have a question or disagreement, he immediately turns to ChatGPT as his primary source of information and confirmation. He is not alone in this. The use of generative AI tools has exploded across different demographic groups. For many people,
- [A ‘supereruption’ transformed NZ 350,000 years ago. We now know how it happened](https://modernsciences.org/whakamaru-supereruption-mechanics-nz-geology-june-2026/) - Anna Miller, Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington Some 350,000 years ago, the centre of New Zealand’s North Island appeared much different than the mountainous, scrub-covered landscape it is today. Amid a glacial period, temperatures were colder and conditions harsher. Vast beech and podocarp forests blanketed the region, providing habitat for abundant native
- [Can AI help coastal cities prepare for rising seas and extreme events?](https://modernsciences.org/ai-coastal-cities-storm-surge-prediction-june-2026/) - Andrea Ficchì, AXA Research Fund; Polytechnic University of Milan and Emiliano Longo, Polytechnic University of Milan Our novel artificial intelligence model can predict extreme storm surges with high accuracy, including under future climate conditions. Because the AI model runs much faster, it can help researchers and practitioners better assess coastal flood risk for adaptation planning.
- [How can we make buildings more resilient before – and after – earthquakes? We put one solution to the test](https://modernsciences.org/modular-clt-timber-seismic-resilience-june-2026/) - Ashkan Hashemi, University of Auckland, Waipapa Taumata Rau This week’s magnitude 7.8 earthquake in the Philippines came with scenes familiar to New Zealanders: collapsed buildings, shattered facades and streets strewn with rubble. Earthquakes of such force test buildings to their extreme limits. As occurred this week, and in Christchurch in 2011, some ultimately fail with
- [Frozen fruit and canned veg are cheap, but are they as healthy as fresh food?](https://modernsciences.org/frozen-canned-produce-nutrition-vs-fresh-june-2026/) - Margaret Murray, Swinburne University of Technology You probably know fruit and vegetables are good for you, and most of us don’t eat enough of them. But amid a cost-of-living crisis, buying more fresh food may not seem like a budget-friendly option. Enter: canned or frozen fruit and veg. These are usually cheaper and longer-lasting than
- [World’s first AI‑designed vaccine explained](https://modernsciences.org/world-first-ai-designed-universal-dna-vaccine-june-2026/) - Neil Mabbott, University of Edinburgh Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed what they describe as a fundamentally new type of vaccine using artificial intelligence (AI). The vaccine’s key component was designed entirely by AI and has now been tested in people for the first time. The goal is ambitious: a single vaccine that
- [Life after death: From burned trees to bleached corals, how dead organisms live on as the building blocks of new life](https://modernsciences.org/ecological-memory-foundation-species-ecosystem-recovery-june-2026/) - Kai Kopecky, University of Colorado Boulder and John Kominoski, Florida International University People’s knee-jerk reaction to seeing death in nature is often not positive. The burn scar left by wildfire on a once-forested hillside, or a ghostly white coral reef, may evoke tragedy and despair. But in nature, most plants and animals are recycled back
- [South African telescope detects record‑breaking signal from the early universe](https://modernsciences.org/meerkat-detects-record-breaking-early-universe-megamaser-june-2026/) - Thato Manamela, University of Pretoria and Roger P. Deane, Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy; University of Cape Town Astronomers using the MeerKAT radio telescope in South Africa have discovered the most distant hydroxyl megamaser ever detected, opening a new radio astronomy frontier. A hydroxyl megamaser is a natural space laser, and this one is
- [Scientists used a method from ecology to identify whether icy moons could hold conditions for life](https://modernsciences.org/planetary-science-ecological-diversity-theory-icy-moons-life-june-2026/) - Gideon Yoffe, Weizmann Institute of Science New observatories and spacecraft missions are probing environments in our solar system that could potentially host life but have long remained hidden. Icy moons like Saturn’s Enceladus and Jupiter’s Europa likely contain oceans beneath frozen outer shells. But a layer of ice prohibits space probes from sampling them directly.
- [Do shark culls keep people safe in the ocean? Here’s what the science says](https://modernsciences.org/efficacy-shark-culls-non-lethal-mitigation-june-2026/) - Charlie Huveneers, Flinders University A young mother remains in hospital after being bitten by a shark at Coogee beach in Sydney on Saturday morning. Leah Stewart, 35, was swimming about 30 metres offshore when the shark – believed to be a three to four metre great white shark – struck. In the wake of this
- [Great mysteries of archaeology: an ancient Amazonian world revealed from the sky](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-amazon-casarabe-lidar-archaeology-june-2026/) - José Iriarte, University of Exeter From the air, you see it only through the constant jolt, tilt and shudder of the low-flying Cessna aircraft. The landscape of the Llanos de Moxos, northern Bolivia, appears as a disconnected patchwork of open grassland savannahs, forest islands and lakes. It feels random, almost unreadable. Only gradually does the
- [School in a hot world: what research is saying about children’s health and learning](https://modernsciences.org/climate-change-school-heat-children-health-learning-june-2026/) - Caradee Yael Wright, South African Medical Research Council and Natasha Naidoo Climate change is making southern Africa hotter. While much attention has focused on climate impacts like droughts, floods and food insecurity, another crisis is unfolding quietly inside classrooms. Research has shown that some schools are becoming dangerously hot places for children to develop, learn
- [Do birds have accents? The fascinating regional differences in birdsong](https://modernsciences.org/bird-song-regional-dialects-urban-adaptation-june-2026/) - Louise Gentle, Nottingham Trent University Birds sing the most around an hour before dawn, when the air is at its stillest. Theoretically, this enables sounds to travel further, making song up to 20 times more effective than if sung at midday. It’s a good time to take a moment to soak in the spring birdsong
- [Blue Origin rocket exploded on launchpad, throwing the future of NASA’s Artemis program into question](https://modernsciences.org/blue-origin-new-glenn-explosion-nasa-artemis-june-2026/) - Wendy Whitman Cobb, Air University During an evening test fire on May 28, 2026, a Blue Origin New Glenn rocket exploded, engulfing the launchpad in a massive fireball. The spectacular fire, caught on video, not only destroyed the rocket but also appears to have significantly damaged Blue Origin’s only launchpad at the Cape Canaveral Space
- [Trees and greenery can cool cities by as much as 18°C – but only if they’re the right type](https://modernsciences.org/urban-greening-cooling-layered-vegetation-heat-mitigation-june-2026/) - Mohammad A Rahman, The University of Melbourne Cities around the world are planting more trees to cope with rising urban heat. But our research shows trees alone are often not enough. In some cases, the wrong kind of greening can even make streets feel less comfortable on a hot day. We compared field measurements from
- [Why the electric SUV boom is a problem for climate, health and equity](https://modernsciences.org/electric-suv-boom-climate-health-equity-june-2026/) - Keyvan Hosseini, University of Southampton and Dawn-Marie Walker, University of Southampton Governments and car manufacturers sell electric cars as the future of green transport. But a less visible trend is challenging this story: many electric cars are getting bigger. The International Energy Agency recently reported that larger models, including sports utility vehicles (SUVs), are taking
- [De‑extinction company says it’s made an artificial egg – if true, it could help save living species](https://modernsciences.org/artificial-egg-de-extinction-bird-conservation-colossal-biosciences-june-2026/) - Nic Rawlence, University of Otago Today’s announcement by Texas-based de-extinction company Colossal Biosciences about a successful hatching of chicks from an artificial egg would represent a major innovation, if the claims can be verified. The company says its artificial egg supports the full development of bird embryos outside a biological eggshell, without the requirement for
- [Turtles finally have a place in the tree of life: X‑ray study of South African fossils was a decider](https://modernsciences.org/turtle-evolution-archosaur-lineage-south-africa-fossils-june-2026/) - Valentin Buffa, University of Zurich; Jonah Choiniere, University of the Witwatersrand; Julien Benoit, University of the Witwatersrand, and Xavier Jenkins, American Museum of Natural History The origin of turtles has always been a bit of a puzzle for scientists who study the evolution of animals. To this day, where they fit in the tree of
- [Exoskeletons for people with cerebral palsy are now a reality – but there’s still much to figure out](https://modernsciences.org/robotic-exoskeletons-cerebral-palsy-pediatric-rehabilitation-june-2026/) - Nicola Postol, University of Sydney Cerebral palsy is the most common disability that starts in childhood, affecting about 50 million people worldwide. Cerebral palsy can impact a person’s ability to move their body. This can result in mobility problems, muscle stiffness or weakness, and abnormal movements. There are often other neurological issues as well, such
- [See a new map of the universe’s magnetic fields – the largest and most detailed ever made](https://modernsciences.org/cosmic-magnetic-fields-askap-spice-racs-map-june-2026/) - Alec Thomson, CSIRO Magnetic fields are a fundamental part of the universe. They govern how small particles – the building blocks of planets, stars, and ultimately galaxies – move through space. We still don’t know how magnetic fields came to exist in the universe, but we do know they’re everywhere. Earth itself has a magnetic
- [Galloway Hoard exhibit in Sydney dives into the secrets of the Viking world](https://modernsciences.org/galloway-hoard-viking-exhibition-archaeology-sydney-june-2026/) - Louise D'Arcens, Macquarie University In the popular imagination, the phrase “Viking hoard” might evoke images of plunder stashed by marauding Norse pirates. Or perhaps you picture sacred objects hidden by frantic monks in the uproar of a violent raid. The Galloway Hoard reveals the truth of the Viking expansion was less dramatic. But as the
- [An AI solution to an 80‑year‑old problem has shocked mathematicians](https://modernsciences.org/openai-ai-solves-erdos-planar-unit-distance-problem-june-2026/) - Melissa Lee, Monash University Last week, OpenAI shocked the mathematical community by revealing that one of its internal artificial intelligence (AI) models had found a counterexample to a famous conjecture made by legendary Hungarian mathematician Paul Erdős in 1946. The planar unit distance problem, or Erdős problem 90, has intrigued mathematicians for decades. The new
- [Is extracting oxygen from lunar soil the future of space exploration?](https://modernsciences.org/extracting-oxygen-lunar-regolith-solar-pyrolysis-june-2026/) - Jack Robinot, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS); Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ; Alexis Paillet, Centre national d’études spatiales (CNES); Stéphane Abanades, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), and Sylvain Rodat, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) A new race to the Moon is emerging between the United States and China.
- [129,000 years of crocodiles: what we know about Australasia’s ancient apex predators](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-australasian-mekosuchines-crocodiles-apex-predators-june-2026/) - Jorgo Ristevski, The University of Queensland; Julien Louys, Griffith University, and Nicole Boivin, The University of Queensland The sight of a saltwater crocodile basking on a mudbank is one of the most iconic and intimidating images of northern Australia. Yet the crocodiles that inhabit the region today are just the survivors of a much richer
- [AI can design cities, but can it understand what matters to people? 10 ways to keep humans in control](https://modernsciences.org/generative-ai-urban-design-human-centered-city-planning-june-2026/) - Abeer Elshater, Ain Shams University and Hisham Abusaada, Housing and Building National Research Center Generative AI (GenAI) is a type of artificial intelligence that creates new content – like text, images, or ideas – by learning patterns from existing data. GenAI, particularly through large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and DeepSeek, is rapidly becoming
- [Scientists finally know how old the Twelve Apostles are – and they’re much younger than anyone thought](https://modernsciences.org/geology-age-twelve-apostles-limestone-formation-june-2026/) - Stephen Gallagher, The University of Melbourne Every year, millions of visitors stand at the clifftop lookouts along Victoria’s Great Ocean Road and gaze out at the Twelve Apostles. These towering limestone stacks, rising up to 70 metres above the Southern Ocean, are some of Australia’s most recognisable landmarks. Yet despite their fame, no-one has ever
- [Stardust trapped in Antarctic ice reveals tens of thousands of years of Solar System’s past](https://modernsciences.org/stardust-antarctic-ice-iron-60-interstellar-clouds-june-2026/) - Dominik Koll, Australian National University When you think of outer space, you’re likely picturing stars, planets and moons. But much of space is filled with clouds of gas, plasma and stardust – known as interstellar clouds. In the local parts of our galaxy alone there’s a complex of roughly 15 individual interstellar clouds. The Solar
- [Fiber’s structural integrity keeps plants strong – and its indigestibility keeps your digestive system healthy](https://modernsciences.org/dietary-fiber-structure-starch-digestive-health-june-2026/) - Julie Pollock, University of Richmond If you’re over the age of 10, the World Health Organization recommends that you consume at least 25 grams of fiber every day. The best fiber-containing foods come from plants: fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains and legumes. While it’s sometimes overshadowed by other nutrients, such as protein, fiber plays
- [Why was an Egyptian mummy stuffed with a fragment of Homer’s Iliad?](https://modernsciences.org/egyptian-mummy-homer-iliad-papyrus-discovery-june-2026/) - Stephan Blum, University of Tübingen and Stefan Baumann, KU Leuven Archaeologists have found something unexpected inside a 1,600-year-old Roman-era Egyptian mummy: a fragment of Homer’s Iliad. It wasn’t placed beside the body, but inside the mummy’s abdomen. But the real surprise isn’t just where the fragment was found. It’s how it got there. To understand,
- [Nearly everything we use online is owned by big tech. There’s a better way forward](https://modernsciences.org/digital-sovereignty-big-tech-alternatives-data-governance-june-2026/) - Ashwin Nagappa, Queensland University of Technology and Daniel Angus, Queensland University of Technology Globally, users of digital media are increasingly locked into a handful of operating systems, app stores, and communication platforms. Most of us must choose between Apple, Windows, or Android. All of these are owned by American tech giants. Much of private and
- [Deep‑sea sponges survive in complete darkness in ways we didn’t know before](https://modernsciences.org/deep-sea-sponge-symbiosis-microbial-survival-june-2026/) - Alessandro N. Garritano, University of Sydney; UNSW Sydney and Torsten Thomas, UNSW Sydney When we think of marine life, we usually picture colourful coral reefs or dense seaweed forests filled with fish and other critters. The ocean that comes to mind is the one touched by sunlight. However, most of the ocean is not like
- [Astrophysicists use ‘space archaeology’ to trace the history of a spiral galaxy](https://modernsciences.org/ngc-1365-spiral-galaxy-evolution-space-archaeology-may-2026/) - Lisa Kewley, Smithsonian Institution Billions of years ago, a young spiral galaxy began to grow in a crowded part of the universe. It pulled in gas and small companion galaxies, slowly building up the bright central region and sweeping spiral arms we see today. In a new study published in March 2026, my colleagues and
- [The Mediterranean sea is capable of generating hurricanes and climate change will make them worse](https://modernsciences.org/medicanes-mediterranean-hurricanes-climate-change-may-2026/) - Emmanouil Flaounas, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich and Davide Faranda, Université Paris-Saclay In March 2026, a tropical-like cyclone named ‘Jolina’ produced significant damage across North Africa. In 2020 and 2023, storms Ianos and Daniel both caused severe damage in Greece, and the latter triggered a humanitarian disaster in the city of Derna, Libya, where
- [Human‑made chemicals are harming seals at the molecular level](https://modernsciences.org/ringed-seal-chemical-pollution-climate-change-metabolomics-may-2026/) - Anaïs Remili, Simon Fraser University and Tanya Brown, Simon Fraser University Ringed seals are among the most common marine mammals in the Canadian Arctic. They strongly rely on sea ice as a habitat, breathing through holes they maintain in the frozen surface, giving birth in snow lairs and diving beneath the ice to hunt Arctic
- [How the Great Pyramid of Giza has survived 4,500 years of Egyptian earthquakes](https://modernsciences.org/great-pyramid-giza-earthquake-resilience-seismic-vibrations-may-2026/) - Colin Caprani, Monash University and Scott Menegon, Swinburne University of Technology The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt has survived more than 4,500 years. Earthquakes have repeatedly shaken the region, including the magnitude 5.8 Cairo earthquake in 1992, which dislodged some of the pyramid’s outer casing stones. Yet the main body remained essentially intact. How
- [Squeak up! I can’t hear you: pilot whales are shouting to hear themselves over ship noise](https://modernsciences.org/pilot-whale-communication-shipping-noise-strait-of-gibraltar-may-2026/) - Vanessa Pirotta, Macquarie University In the Strait of Gibraltar – a famous marine road connecting the Mediterranean and the Atlantic – lives a critically endangered sub-population of a few hundred long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas). Despite their name, these dark and blubbery marine mammals aren’t technically whales – they’re large oceanic dolphins which are believed
- [What is trauma? The more we talk about it, the more it means](https://modernsciences.org/evolving-definition-psychological-trauma-concept-creep-may-2026/) - Nick Haslam, The University of Melbourne It’s the word of the decade. “A major signifier of our age.” “The invisible force that shapes our lives.” But what is “trauma”? Although it occupies the cultural spotlight, its meaning has never been hazier. Can we bring it into focus? “Trauma” derives from the ancient Greek for wound.
- [What it would have been like to experience the dinosaur‑killing asteroid armageddon: a blow‑by‑blow account](https://modernsciences.org/dinosaur-killing-asteroid-impact-timeline-extinction-may-2026/) - Michael J. Benton, University of Bristol and Monica Grady, The Open University A great Tyrannosaurus rex strides through the conifer trees of her territory, sniffing the air. She picks up the scent from the carcass of a dead horned dinosaur, Triceratops, that she was feeding on yesterday. She walks over and strips off some more
- [Falling space debris poses an escalating risk as spacecraft get stronger and more heat resistant](https://modernsciences.org/falling-space-debris-risk-carbon-fiber-reentry-may-2026/) - Matthew Ray, University of Wisconsin-Stout and Reese Hufnagel, University of Wisconsin-Stout When it comes to space debris, what goes up is coming down more often – and not safely. When spacecraft launch, some components, including nonreusable rocket boosters, are jettisoned to decrease weight, leaving them to intentionally burn up as they reenter the atmosphere. Satellites
- [If AI can translate instantly, why learn another language?](https://modernsciences.org/ai-translation-vs-language-learning-cognitive-benefits-may-2026/) - Olivia Maurice, Western Sydney University; University of Sydney and Mark Antoniou, Western Sydney University From live speech translation in video calls to auto-dubbing on TikTok, the technology to dissolve language barriers has arrived. Real-time translation powered by artificial intelligence (AI) is now embedded in everyday life. Tools from OpenAI, Meta, Google and many others now
- [We proved these ‘forever chemicals’ can last longer than three decades](https://modernsciences.org/pfas-forever-chemicals-water-contamination-may-2026/) - Ian A. Wright, Western Sydney University; Amy-Marie Gilpin, Western Sydney University, and Katherine Warwick, Western Sydney University The fresh air, picturesque vistas and pristine bush of the Blue Mountains west of Sydney draw millions of visitors a year. Unfortunately, the Blue Mountains are also the site of a controversial investigation into water contamination with “forever
- [Depressed mice successfully treated with smart contact lenses that zap their brains – new study](https://modernsciences.org/smart-contact-lenses-brain-stimulation-depression-may-2026/) - Barbara Pierscionek, Anglia Ruskin University Scientists in South Korea have developed experimental contact lenses designed to send electrical signals through the retina and into brain regions linked to mood. In mice, the technology appeared to improve depression-like behaviour. The idea sounds futuristic: a contact lens that could one day help treat depression by stimulating the
- [Conserving 30% of the planet will only succeed if people are part of the plan](https://modernsciences.org/30x30-biodiversity-conservation-human-impact-may-2026/) - Chris Sandbrook, University of Cambridge and Javier Fajardo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; University of Cambridge What do you see when you imagine a conservation area? Perhaps a remote rainforest, a towering mountain range or a coral reef teeming with life. But do you expect to see any people? It would be understandable if you answered
- [What happens when scientists trust AI more than colleagues?](https://modernsciences.org/ai-overdependence-threatens-scientific-research-culture-may-2026/) - Sungho Hong, The Institute for Basic Science and Victor J. Drew, The Institute for Basic Science Artificial intelligence has crossed a threshold in the modern workplace. It is being used for everything from helping employees manage schedules to supporting financial forecasts. A similar shift is now unfolding inside research laboratories. There is currently a boom
- [Should I take vitamin D now there’s less sun, or for bone or immune health?](https://modernsciences.org/vitamin-d-deficiency-supplements-bone-health-may-2026/) - Nial Wheate, Macquarie University; Ian Jamie, Macquarie University, and Wai-Jo Jocelin Chan, UNSW Sydney; University of Sydney It can be easy to think you get plenty of vitamin D when you live in a country bathed in sunshine, but the reality is more complicated. Almost one in four Australian adults have vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin
- [What a list of Black Death survivors reveals about the way people recovered from plague](https://modernsciences.org/black-death-survivors-medieval-parchment-discovery-may-2026/) - Alex Brown, Durham University and Grace Owen, Durham University In our research in the British Library’s medieval collections, we have identified a previously unnoticed document that provides fresh insights into the survivors of the outbreak of plague known as the Black Death (1346–53). The document – a scrap of parchment inserted into an account of
- [Summers are getting longer each year, and it isn’t all fun and games](https://modernsciences.org/climate-change-lengthening-summers-global-warming-may-2026/) - Ted Scott, University of British Columbia Do you have the sense that summers feel different than when you were younger? That they start earlier, arrive quickly and remain intense until the fall? If you live in the mid-latitudes of either the Northern or Southern Hemispheres, chances are you answered yes. For many, the idea of
- [Why has this autumn been so hot and dry?](https://modernsciences.org/australian-autumn-heat-climate-change-el-nino-may-2026/) - Kimberley Reid, The University of Melbourne We’re less than a month away from the southern hemisphere winter. But you’d be forgiven for thinking summer was only last week. April was unseasonably warm and dry across Australia. Temperatures were above average or very much above average for most of the country. New South Wales had its
- [Astrophysicists use ‘space archaeology’ to trace the history of a spiral galaxy](https://modernsciences.org/space-archaeology-spiral-galaxy-evolution-ngc1365-may-2026/) - Lisa Kewley, Smithsonian Institution Billions of years ago, a young spiral galaxy began to grow in a crowded part of the universe. It pulled in gas and small companion galaxies, slowly building up the bright central region and sweeping spiral arms we see today. In a new study published in March 2026, my colleagues and
- [How to build cities for wildlife, not just people – new research](https://modernsciences.org/urban-planning-freshwater-wildlife-biodiversity-restoration-may-2026/) - Helen A. L. Currie, University of Portsmouth; Irene Gregory-Eaves, McGill University, and Steven J Cooke, Carleton University In central Seoul, South Korea, a motorway once covered a buried urban stream. Today, that same stretch has been uncovered – a process known as daylighting – and this river is home to plants, fish and insects. This
- [Robots can run a marathon and play ping pong. But will they ever achieve true sporting greatness?](https://modernsciences.org/robot-sport-performance-human-athlete-training-may-2026/) - Jonathan Roberts, Queensland University of Technology and Marc Portus, Queensland University of Technology A humanoid robot recently made headlines around the world for running a half-marathon and beating the human world record. Around the same time, an AI-powered robot defeated an elite human player in table tennis. What the robot lacked in experience, it made
- [Massive marine heatwave caused Caribbean coral reefs to collapse much faster than predicted – new research](https://modernsciences.org/caribbean-coral-reef-collapse-marine-heatwave-erosion-may-2026/) - Chris Perry, University of Exeter and Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) For decades, coral reefs throughout the Caribbean have been suffering from disease, pollution, overfishing and rising sea temperatures, yet most have continued to grow – until now. In 2023 and 2024, surface temperatures climbed to record highs in the world’s oceans,
- [Do we absorb information better on paper, rather than screens? It depends on the screen](https://modernsciences.org/digital-vs-paper-reading-comprehension-literacy-may-2026/) - Erik D Reichle, Macquarie University and Lili Yu, Macquarie University The Swedish government recently announced it was moving from the classroom use of digital devices back to physical books. It cited concerns over declining test scores and increasing screen time. Are these concerns well founded? And what does the science of reading say about the
- [Hantavirus, COVID, norovirus, legionnaires’: why are cruise ships so prone to disease outbreaks?](https://modernsciences.org/cruise-ship-disease-outbreaks-norovirus-legionnaires-may-2026/) - Cruises are sold as floating holidays, but they are also useful for understanding public health. Cruise ships are carefully designed places where many people live, eat, relax and move through the same shared spaces for days at a time. They show how easily illness can spread when people are packed into a single interconnected environment.
- [Warming seas can threaten the hidden relationship that supports seagrass meadows](https://modernsciences.org/warming-oceans-threaten-seagrass-microbial-relationship-may-2026/) - Renske Jongen, University of Sydney; Ezequiel M. Marzinelli, University of Sydney, and Paul Gribben, UNSW Sydney On the western side of Lake Macquarie in New South Wales, Australia, sits Myuna Bay, a quiet bay with meadows of seagrass waving beneath the water. The most common marine plant species you find there is Zostera muelleri. It
- [Why is water wet?](https://modernsciences.org/science-of-why-water-is-wet-may-2026/) - Yunyao Li, University of Texas at Arlington Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. Why is water wet? – Philip S., age 12, Northville, Michigan Spring is often a rainy season. If you get caught in a
- [We found a lost copy of the earliest surviving English poem in a medieval manuscript in Rome](https://modernsciences.org/bede-manuscript-caedmons-hymn-discovered-rome-may-2026/) - Elisabetta Magnanti, Trinity College Dublin and Mark Faulkner, Trinity College Dublin Some medieval texts have barely survived. Beowulf, the Old English masterwork, exists today because of a single manuscript – one that narrowly escaped combustion in 1731. For such texts, the single manuscript is all important. The discovery of another copy would transform our understanding.
- [How does imagination really work in the brain? New theory upends what we knew](https://modernsciences.org/new-theory-visual-imagination-brain-activity-may-2026/) - Thomas Pace, University of the Sunshine Coast and Roger Koenig-Robert, University of Technology Sydney; UNSW Sydney Your brain is currently expending about a fifth of your body’s energy, and almost none of that is being used for what you’re doing right now. Reading these words, feeling the weight of your body in a chair –
- [Mozambique ‘sky island’ expeditions found 4 new species of chameleon – already at risk from forest loss](https://modernsciences.org/mozambique-sky-islands-new-chameleon-species-extinction-risk-may-2026/) - Krystal Tolley, University of Johannesburg Tropical rainforests are known for their unique biodiversity, with species found nowhere else on Earth. But nearly 30% of tropical rainforest has been destroyed or has become seriously degraded since 1990. Many of these forests have not been fully explored for their biodiversity. This means that the world may be
- [Seeing an eclipse from Earth is awe‑inspiring – for astronauts seeing one from space, the scene was even more grand](https://modernsciences.org/artemis-ii-astronauts-solar-eclipse-space-awe-may-2026/) - Deana L. Weibel, Grand Valley State University The astronauts on Artemis II’s trip to the Moon in April 2026 didn’t just have an amazing journey through space. They also saw something extraordinary. They were the first humans to see a total solar eclipse from space. A solar eclipse happens when the Moon moves in front
- [Claude Mythos and Project Glasswing: why an AI superhacker has the tech world on alert](https://modernsciences.org/claude-mythos-ai-superhacker-cybersecurity-may-2026/) - Stan Karanasios, The University of Queensland and Saeed Akhlaghpour, The University of Queensland New, more powerful artificial intelligence (AI) models are announced pretty regularly these days: the latest version of ChatGPT or Claude or Gemini always has new features and new capabilities that its makers are eager for customers to try out. But now Anthropic
- [The human body isn’t a masterpiece of design – it’s a patchwork of evolutionary compromise](https://modernsciences.org/human-body-evolutionary-anatomy-compromise-may-2026/) - Lucy E. Hyde, University of Bristol The human body is often described as a marvel of “perfect design”: elegant, efficient and finely tuned for its purpose. Yet, when we look closer, a rather different picture emerges. Far from being a flawless machine, the body reads more like a patchwork of compromises shaped by millions of
- [Is the science that we do today truth, likely to be a lie, or is it undetermined?](https://modernsciences.org/understanding-scientific-method-peer-review-truth-may-2026/) - Greg Eghigian, Penn State Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. Is the science that we do today truth, likely to be a lie, or is it undetermined? – Nathaniel K., age 15, Hamilton, Ohio For most
- [Research reveals lack of transparency in ad data of digital platforms](https://modernsciences.org/digital-platform-advertising-transparency-research-may-2026/) - R. Marie Santini, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Adriano Belisário, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Bruno Mattos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Danielle Pinho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Debora Salles, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), and Hugo Leal, University of Cambridge Half of the
- [Are aliens real? Scientists have been hunting for extraterrestrial life since the time of Aristotle](https://modernsciences.org/search-for-extraterrestrial-life-mars-exoplanets-may-2026/) - Robert William Smith, University of Alberta Do aliens exist? Could Earth really be the only planet hosting intelligent life? Debates over the existence of extraterrestrials date back to the earliest Indigenous and western thought. The tools generating the evidence within western science, however, have changed — from the philosophical and theological arguments of the Ancient
- [Heat and cold alter how animals fight disease. As the climate changes, this knowledge may be vital](https://modernsciences.org/how-temperature-alters-animal-immune-systems-climate-change-april-2026/) - Julie Old, Western Sydney University and Brian Dixon, University of Waterloo Each animal species has an optimal temperature at which it can metabolise food and its immune system can best fight off pathogens. As our recent research shows, temperature directly affects the immune systems of vertebrates – regardless of how they moderate their own body
- [Rock art, dance and ritual: what we learned from paintings in Zimbabwe](https://modernsciences.org/zimbabwe-rock-art-prehistoric-dance-ritual-analysis-april-2026/) - Joshua Kumbani, University of Tübingen and Margarita Díaz-Andreu, Universitat de Barcelona Rock paintings are found throughout Zimbabwe. They were made during the last 10,000 years by hunter gatherer groups and later by farming communities. These came to the attention of the ERC Artsoundscapes project, based in Spain, in 2021. The project brings together experts in
- [New plastic film covered in thousands of tiny pillars can tear apart viruses on contact](https://modernsciences.org/biomimetic-nanotextured-surfaces-virus-rupture-april-2026/) - Elena Ivanova, RMIT University Think of how many surfaces you touch every day, from your kitchen bench to the hand rail on the bus or train, your work desk and your phone screen. A range of nasty viruses and other germs can easily spread via these surfaces. The typical route of infection involves touching a
- [How scientists changed their view of insomnia](https://modernsciences.org/scientific-understanding-insomnia-treatments-cbti-april-2026/) - Iuliana Hartescu, Loughborough University Insomnia may have been torturing humanity since ancient times, but over the last 20 years scientists have made progress in their understanding of chronic sleep deprivation. Today, sleep deprivation is one of the most widespread reported psychological problems in Britain, with about a third of the adult population in England reporting
- [Venice is sinking – we analysed every plan to save it, and none would preserve the city as we know it](https://modernsciences.org/venice-sinking-sea-level-rise-adaptation-plans-april-2026/) - Robert James Nicholls, University of East Anglia; Marjolijn Haasnoot, Utrecht University, and Piero Lionello, University of Salento Venice has co-existed with the sea throughout its 1,500-year history, perhaps better than any other city on earth. Yet over the past century it has flooded increasingly often, as the sea rises and the city itself sinks under
- [Coral reefs are secretly connected across vast oceans – and that’s crucial for their survival](https://modernsciences.org/coral-reef-connectivity-larval-superhighways-survival-april-2026/) - Kate Marie Quigley, James Cook University and Elise Thérèse Gisèle Dehont, Memorial University of Newfoundland Lord Howe Island lies in the middle of the ocean, about 700 kilometres northeast of Sydney. It’s covered in lush forest and fringed by the world’s most southerly coral reef ecosystem. This reef system isn’t as famous as its northern
- [Eating fruit is linked to lung cancer? Here’s what you need to know about that new study](https://modernsciences.org/fruit-consumption-lung-cancer-pesticide-study-debunked-april-2026/) - Justin Stebbing, Anglia Ruskin University The idea that fruit and vegetables might cause cancer sounds bizarre. For decades, studies have shown that people who eat more plants tend to live longer, healthier lives, with lower rates of heart disease, stroke and several common cancers. Lung cancer is no exception: in many large studies, higher intakes
- [40 years on from the disaster, why there are foxes, bears and bison again around Chernobyl](https://modernsciences.org/chernobyl-exclusion-zone-wildlife-rewilding-april-2026/) - Nick Dunn, Lancaster University In the novel When There Are Wolves Again by E.J. Swift, the Chernobyl disaster and its legacy is extrapolated to a near future where natural habitats are depleted and precarious. This work of eco-fiction deftly explores issues of possible paths to a future where animals return to a nature depleted area.
- [Quantum computers are coming to break our codes faster than anyone expected](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-computers-break-encryption-faster-april-2026/) - Craig Costello, Queensland University of Technology Online data is generally pretty secure. Assuming everyone is careful with passwords and other protections, you can think of it as being locked in a vault so strong that even all the world’s supercomputers, working together for 10,000 years, could not crack it. But last month, Google and others
- [Using atomic nuclei could allow scientists to read time more precisely than ever – what this research could mean for future clocks](https://modernsciences.org/nuclear-clocks-thorium-229-precision-timekeeping-april-2026/) - Eric R. Hudson, University of California, Los Angeles and Andrei Derevianko, University of Nevada, Reno Most clocks, from wristwatches to the systems that run GPS and the internet, work by tracking regular, repeating motions. To build a clock, you need something that ticks in a perfectly repeatable way. In a pendulum clock, that tick is
- [The beloved emperor penguin and Antarctic fur seal are now officially endangered. Here’s what can be done](https://modernsciences.org/emperor-penguin-antarctic-fur-seal-endangered-april-2026/) - Mary-Anne Lea, University of Tasmania; Jane Younger, University of Tasmania, and Noemie Friscourt, University of Tasmania In 1902, British explorer Robert Falcon Scott spotted a large group of large black and white birds at Ross Island, Antarctica. This was among the many milestones of Scott’s famous Discovery expedition: the first breeding colony of emperor penguins.
- [All 5 fundamental units of life’s genetic code were just discovered in an asteroid sample](https://modernsciences.org/asteroid-ryugu-nucleobases-genetic-code-discovered-april-2026/) - Kliti Grice, Curtin University A new study reveals all five fundamental nucleobases – the molecular “letters” of life – have been detected in samples from the asteroid Ryugu. Asteroid particles offer a glimpse into the chemical ingredients that may have helped kindle life on Earth. The Ryugu samples were returned from space in 2020 by
- [Meet kungaka – ‘the hidden one’. This ancient lizard could be the rarest reptile in Australia](https://modernsciences.org/kungaka-rare-lizard-species-discovery-australia-april-2026/) - Warlpa Thompson, Indigenous Knowledge; Jodi Rowley, UNSW Sydney, and Thomas Parkin, Australian Museum Hidden among the red sandstone escarpments of Mutawintji National Park in western New South Wales lives a rare lizard, long isolated in this arid landscape. Known to Wiimpatja Aboriginal Owners as kungaka – “the hidden one” – we have now scientifically described
- [Insects in the tropics are already near their heat limits – climate change could push many beyond survival](https://modernsciences.org/tropical-insects-climate-change-heat-limits-april-2026/) - Kim Holzmann, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg Insects make up to 90% of all animal species on the planet, and most of them can be found in the tropics, the regions around the equator. Yet we still know surprisingly little about how these species will cope with rising temperatures driven by climate change. I am
- [Google promotes ‘teacher approved’ apps for kids. Here’s what parents should know](https://modernsciences.org/google-teacher-approved-educational-apps-transparency-april-2026/) - Chris Zomer, Deakin University and Niels Kerssens, Utrecht University As school holidays continue around Australia, many parents are looking for educational ways to keep their children entertained. If you own an Android device and have young children, you may find yourself browsing Google Play for educational and age-appropriate apps. If you go to the children’s
- [Artemis II crew brought a human eye and storytelling vision to the photos they took on their mission](https://modernsciences.org/artemis-ii-astronaut-photography-human-perspective-vs-ai-april-2026/) - Christye Sisson, Rochester Institute of Technology In early April 2026, the Artemis II mission captivated me and millions of people watching from across the world. The crew’s courage, skill and infectious wonder served as tangible proof of human persistence and technological achievement, all against the mysterious backdrop of space. People back on Earth got to
- [Drought could be making antibiotic resistance worse, scientists say](https://modernsciences.org/drought-climate-change-antibiotic-resistance-april-2026/) - Manal Mohammed, University of Westminster Antibiotic resistance is often associated with hospitals and the overuse of antibiotics in agriculture. Both are genuine problems, but new research suggests another potential culprit that many people haven’t considered – droughts caused by climate change. A recent study published in the journal Nature Microbiology found that when soil dries
- [Antibiotics can trigger bacteria to release bubbles of inflammation tinder, making it harder to treat infection](https://modernsciences.org/antibiotics-trigger-bacterial-extracellular-vesicles-inflammation-april-2026/) - Panteha Torabian, Rochester Institute of Technology Antibiotics are designed to kill harmful bacteria and help the body recover from infection. But some antibiotics may also push bacteria to release tiny particles that can make inflammation worse. While inflammation is part of the body’s natural defense against infection, too much inflammation can damage healthy tissue and
- [An extinct echidna the size of a small child once roamed Victoria, new fossil shows](https://modernsciences.org/extinct-giant-echidna-fossil-discovered-victoria-april-2026/) - Tim Ziegler, Museums Victoria Research Institute Those who venture into Foul Air Cave, below Buchan township in eastern Victoria, quickly realise how it got its ominous name. In its deepest chambers, bacteria consume oxygen and excrete organic gases to produce a toxic stench. The cave is also a natural pitfall trap. Its water-worn entrance offers
- [How do teens really use AI companions? With more creativity than you might think](https://modernsciences.org/how-teens-use-ai-companions-creativity-april-2026/) - Annabel Blake, University of Sydney; Eduardo Velloso, University of Sydney, and Marcus Carter, University of Sydney In 2022, the founders of chatbot startup Character.AI launched a platform where anyone could create interactive characters powered by artificial intelligence (AI). The app exploded, quickly growing to more than 20 million users who created more than 10 million
- [Will oil prices ever truly go back to ‘normal’?](https://modernsciences.org/end-of-cheap-oil-geopolitical-supply-crisis-april-2026/) - Flavio Macau, Edith Cowan University The fallout from war between the United States, Israel and Iran has dominated global oil markets. And not just because the Strait of Hormuz, which normally carries about 20% of global oil and gas, remains effectively closed to shipping traffic. Deep uncertainty about how long the disruption will continue has
- [How does spider venom damage human cells? Researchers uncover the killer mechanism of recluse spider toxin](https://modernsciences.org/recluse-spider-venom-necrotic-toxin-mechanism-april-2026/) - Matthew Cordes, University of Arizona Spiders are among Earth’s most resourceful predators, nabbing prey by any means necessary. Orb weavers spin webs for capture. Wolf spiders ambush on the ground at night. Almost all spiders use venom when they hunt. But each spider’s venom is a cocktail of ingredients as varied as their hunting behavior.
- [What is ‘muscle memory’ and can I improve mine?](https://modernsciences.org/science-of-muscle-memory-procedural-learning-april-2026/) - Celia Harris, Western Sydney University and Justin Christensen, Western Sydney University Whether it’s riding a bike or knitting a sweater, there are some tasks you do without thinking. These are commonly associated with “muscle memory”, the idea your body can remember how to perform complex tasks and, over time, learn to do them automatically. But
- [The revolution in dinosaur science started 50 years ago – here’s what we have learned](https://modernsciences.org/dinosaur-science-revolution-paleobiology-discoveries-april-2026/) - Michael J. Benton, University of Bristol and Emily Rayfield, University of Bristol The study of dinosaurs has been through a revolution in recent decades. The story began half a century ago, when Robert McNeill Alexander, a professor of zoology at the University of Leeds, showed how the speed of an animal could be calculated from
- [I found a new meteor shower, and it comes from an asteroid getting broken down by the Sun](https://modernsciences.org/new-meteor-shower-hidden-asteroid-discovery-april-2026/) - Patrick M. Shober, NASA Across the Earth, every night, thousands of automated stargazers are waiting to take pictures of shooting stars. I am one of the scientists who study these meteors. Most movies and news alerts focus on large asteroids that could destroy the Earth. And your phones notifies you every few months that an
- [‘First contact’ that may have led to complex life on Earth finally witnessed by scientists](https://modernsciences.org/asgard-archaea-eukaryote-evolution-shark-bay-april-2026/) - Brendan Paul Burns, UNSW Sydney and Kymberley Oakley, Indigenous Knowledge On the shores of the west coast of Australia lies a window to our past: the stromatolites and microbial mats of Gathaagudu (Shark Bay). To the untrained eye they look like a collection of rocks and slime – but they are in fact teeming with
- [From Jurassic Park to dreams of AI doom, pop culture shapes science more than we like to admit](https://modernsciences.org/pop-culture-shapes-science-jurassic-park-ai-april-2026/) - Anna-Sophie Jürgens, Australian National University and Shao-Jie Jhou, Australian National University The relationship between science and pop culture often looks like a one-way street: scientific discoveries inspire films, television and novels, particularly in science fiction. But the relationship really goes both ways, and extends beyond sci-fi. Increasingly, pop culture shapes how science is imagined, discussed,
- [Planting trees to remove carbon can harm the environment – or protect it: study highlights trade‑offs](https://modernsciences.org/carbon-removal-biodiversity-conservation-tradeoffs-april-2026/) - Ruben Prütz, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; Gaurav Ganti, Humboldt University of Berlin; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); Joeri Rogelj, Imperial College London, and Sabine Fuss, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Global efforts to limit climate change require deep cuts to carbon emissions. However, global emissions are still growing. Currently, we
- [Strongest evidence yet that vaping likely causes cancer](https://modernsciences.org/vaping-likely-causes-oral-lung-cancer-april-2026/) - Bernard Stewart, UNSW Sydney As early as the 1880s, there was evidence that smoking tobacco damaged your lungs. But it took almost 100 years to definitively show that smoking causes lung cancer. So, what about vapes? Until now, most research that has looked at the cancer risk for people using vapes, also known as electronic
- [Artificial intelligence and biology: AI’s potential for launching a novel era for health and medicine](https://modernsciences.org/artificial-intelligence-biology-medicine-causal-models-april-2026/) - James Colter, University of Calgary It can be estimated theoretically that more unique biological interactions exist than stars in our known universe. The biological foundations of life are built on an unimaginably vast network of interactions, where molecules, cells, systems and organisms are constantly colliding. For centuries, scientists and doctors have relied on targeted techniques
- [How medieval chess created a space in which players – regardless of race – could engage as equals](https://modernsciences.org/medieval-chess-racial-equality-history-april-2026/) - Krisztina Ilko, University of Cambridge In the medieval European imagination, racial difference was often highly polarised. Black people were perceived either as exotic status symbols – including saints and wealthy rulers such as the Queen of Sheba – or as subjugated figures, considered inferior to white Christians. Yet, as my research demonstrates, the game of
- [Infusing asphalt with plastic could help roads last longer and resist cracking under heat](https://modernsciences.org/plastic-infused-asphalt-roads-durability-recycling-february-2026/) - Md S Hossain, University of Texas at Arlington Globally, more than 400 million tons of plastic are produced each year, and less than 10% is recycled. Much of the rest ends up burned, buried or drifting through waterways, a problem that’s only getting worse. As a civil engineer, I started asking a simple question: Instead
- [Meet ‘Tous’ – an entirely new genus of mammal we identified. Here’s why it’s so exciting](https://modernsciences.org/new-mammal-genus-tous-gliding-possum-discovered-april-2026/) - Erik Meijaard, University of Kent; Kristofer M. Helgen, University of Technology Sydney, and Tim Flannery, Australian Museum Mammals are not especially diverse. Roughly 6,800 mammal species are known to exist, compared with about 8,800 species of amphibian, 11,000 species of bird and 12,500 of reptile. Yet when most people picture biodiversity, they often think of
- [Climate change is altering Saharan dust – and Europe is downwind](https://modernsciences.org/saharan-dust-plumes-climate-change-europe-april-2026/) - Hossein Hashemi, Lund University In recent years, residents of Spain, France and the UK have looked up to see an eerie sight: deep orange sunrises and skies thick with a yellowish haze. These hazy skies often deposit “blood rain”, rust-colored precipitation that leaves a fine grit on cars and windows. These events are caused by
- [Is dark chocolate healthier than milk chocolate? 2 dietitians explain](https://modernsciences.org/is-dark-chocolate-healthier-than-milk-chocolate-april-2026/) - Lauren Ball, The University of Queensland and Emily Burch, Southern Cross University Easter chocolate is all over supermarket shelves. Some people reach straight for milk chocolate eggs while others pause at the darker varieties, assuming they’re healthier. Dark chocolate has gained a reputation as the “better” choice because it usually contains more cocoa and less
- [Buildings consume 30% of global energy – digital twins could be the key to cutting that waste](https://modernsciences.org/digital-twins-building-energy-efficiency-april-2026/) - Jose Eduardo Pachano, Universidad de Navarra Buildings are one of the largest contributors to global energy consumption. In 2025 they accounted for around 30% of total global energy demand, 70% of which came from residential buildings. But as cities grow and standards of comfort rise, many nations are faced with mounting housing and energy crises.
- [New study measures titanium in Apollo rock to uncover Moon’s early chemistry](https://modernsciences.org/lunar-rock-titanium-early-moon-chemistry-april-2026/) - Advik D. Vira, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emily First, Macalester College The Earth and the Moon may look very different today, but they formed under similar conditions in space. In fact, a dominant hypothesis says that the early Earth was hit by a Mars-sized object, and it was this giant impact that spun off
- [AI makes rewilding look tame – and misses its messy reality](https://modernsciences.org/ai-generates-sanitized-rewilding-landscapes-misses-ecological-reality-april-2026/) - Mike Jeffries, Northumbria University, Newcastle Humans have always imagined the natural world. From Ice Age cave paintings to the modern day, we depict the animals and landscapes we value – and ignore those we don’t. Now artificial intelligence is doing the imagining for us. And when asked to picture “rewilded” Britain, it produces landscapes that
- [Scientists may be overestimating the amount of microplastics in the environment – and the culprit is lab gloves](https://modernsciences.org/lab-gloves-overestimate-environmental-microplastics-april-2026/) - Anne McNeil, University of Michigan and Madeline Clough, University of Michigan It seems like every day a new study finds tiny plastic particles called microplastics where they should not be: in our bodies and our food, water and air. Yet finding and identifying microplastics is extremely challenging, especially given their small size. One microplastic can
- [The four types of dementia most people don’t know exist](https://modernsciences.org/four-rare-dementia-subtypes-symptoms-april-2026/) - Clarissa Giebel, University of Liverpool What most people think of when they hear the word “dementia” is memory problems and forgetfulness. But what people often don’t know is that dementia can cause many different symptoms – affecting speech, behaviour, sleep, motor function and more. In fact, dementia is an umbrella term. There are estimated to
- [The latest world climate report is grim, but it’s not the end of the story](https://modernsciences.org/state-of-the-climate-report-global-warming-emissions-april-2026/) - Andrew King, The University of Melbourne It’s no secret our planet is heating up. And here’s the evidence: we’ve just experienced the 11 hottest years on record, with 2025 being the second or third warmest in global history. The annual State of the Climate report, published today by the World Meteorological Organization, suggests we’re still
- [Ancient bones show dogs have been woven into human life for nearly 16,000 years](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-dna-dog-domestication-history-april-2026/) - Andrew Fairbairn, The University of Queensland; Douglas Baird, University of Liverpool, and Gokhan Mustafaoglu, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University Odin was a kelpie. Attentive and protective, with a happy smile and an endless hope for food, he succumbed to a terminal disease late last year. At his death, a deep sense of grief ripped through
- [Drones paired with AI could help search‑and‑rescue teams find missing persons faster](https://modernsciences.org/ai-drones-search-and-rescue-technology-march-2026/) - Adeel Khalid, Kennesaw State University A combination of infrared imaging, thermal imaging and color cameras on an uncrewed drone, along with an AI system to interpret the data, can help emergency responders and search-and-rescue teams locate, identify and track people who have gone missing in the wilderness. The experimental system helps responders pinpoint where a
- [Can you survive inside a tornado? This scientist did by accident – he’s lucky to be alive](https://modernsciences.org/scientist-survives-inside-tornado-atmospheric-research-march-2026/) - Perry Samson, University of Michigan Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. Can a person survive inside a tornado? – Sophia, age 14, Greencastle, Indiana I have seen the center of a monster. Most people describe the
- [Are Google’s ‘preferred sources’ a good thing for online news?](https://modernsciences.org/google-preferred-sources-online-news-impact-march-2026/) - T.J. Thomson, RMIT University and Aimee Hourigan, Queensland University of Technology Why do you see the results you do when you search for information online? It’s a complex mix of what the source is, its relationships to other sources online, and your own past browsing history and device settings. But this formula is changing. Rather
- [Science knows of 21,000 bee species. There are likely thousands more](https://modernsciences.org/global-bee-species-richness-statistical-estimate-march-2026/) - James B. Dorey, University of Wollongong and Nikolas Johnston, University of Wollongong It’s a question that has sparked the curiosity of scholars and bee lovers for decades: how many species of bees are there in the world? This might, at first, seem like a silly question. But it is a topic of genuine importance –
- [Parks are sanctuaries but can also harbour disease – here’s how to protect yourself](https://modernsciences.org/urban-parks-infectious-disease-risk-prevention-march-2026/) - Katherine M. Robertson, The University of Melbourne; Holly Kirk, Curtin University; Jacinta Humphrey, and Sarah Bekessy, The University of Melbourne; RMIT University Parks are vital public spaces. This is especially true if you’re a parent with energetic children, or an office worker searching for a peaceful lunch spot. But parks are also ideal environments for
- [The world’s great fish migrations are collapsing – that’s a problem for millions of people](https://modernsciences.org/global-freshwater-fish-migrations-collapsing-conservation-march-2026/) - Zeb Hogan, University of Nevada, Reno Hidden beneath the surface of the world’s rivers, some of Earth’s great animal movements unfold – migrations that rival, in sheer biomass, the famous mass movements of zebra and wildebeest across the Serengeti. For centuries, fish migrations were as predictable as the seasons. Salmon, sturgeon, giant catfish and many
- [Who was St Patrick?](https://modernsciences.org/who-was-st-patrick-history-myths-march-2026/) - Meaghan McEvoy, Australian National University The patron saint of Ireland was not, in fact, Irish. He was a Roman Briton, who spent his childhood in southwestern England before being kidnapped by Irish raiders, spirited across the sea and enslaved. Many folkloric traditions surrounding St Patrick have accumulated over the centuries. But there is no doubt
- [How moss could help roads cope with heavy rain and reduce air pollution](https://modernsciences.org/roadside-moss-mitigates-pollution-flooding-march-2026/) - Pedram Vousoughi, University of Limerick Across Europe, many banks alongside motorways are planted with grass to stabilise soil and keep roadside landscapes tidy. But there may be a better solution. Already some countries are experimenting with using moss in built-up areas to absorb air pollution. As countries search for nature-based solutions to climate and environmental
- [Hundreds of hungry mosquitoes, a student volunteer and a mesh suit helped us figure out how these deadly insects reach their targets](https://modernsciences.org/mosquito-flight-behavior-tracking-disease-vector-control-march-2026/) - David Hu, Georgia Institute of Technology “Four minutes is too long.” That’s the note undergraduate Chris Zuo sent me along with photos of countless mosquito bites on his bare skin. This full-body massacre wasn’t the result of a camping trip gone awry. He’d spent that limited amount of time in a room with 100 hungry
- [Human vision: what we actually see – and don’t see – tells us a lot about consciousness](https://modernsciences.org/human-vision-blindsight-consciousness-theory-march-2026/) - Henry Taylor, University of Birmingham What can you see right now? This might seem like a silly question, but what enters your consciousness is not the whole story when it comes to vision. A great deal of visual processing in the brain goes on well below our conscious awareness. Some studies have probed the unconscious
- [What was the very first plant in the world?](https://modernsciences.org/first-plant-evolution-earth-history-march-2026/) - Erin Potter, Binghamton University, State University of New York Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. What was the very first plant in the world? – Ivy, age 6, Phoenix Long before dinosaurs roamed the land, Earth
- [The first modern rocket launched 100 years ago, beginning a century of both innovations and challenges for spaceflight](https://modernsciences.org/irst-liquid-fueled-rocket-history-spaceflight-march-2026/) - Michael Carrafiello, Miami University Apollo 11 first landed astronauts on the Moon in 1969, but the journey to the lunar surface actually began 43 years before, in snowy Massachusetts. Exactly 100 years ago, on March 16, 1926, Robert H. Goddard launched the first liquid-fueled rocket. Liquid-fueled rockets would eventually provide the power to send humans
- [Researchers develop biodegradable, plant‑based packaging from natural fibers – new research](https://modernsciences.org/biodegradable-chitin-cellulose-plant-based-packaging-march-2026/) - J. Carson Meredith, Georgia Institute of Technology Jie Wu, an engineering graduate student, was studying a type of striking white beetle found in Southeast Asia and attempting to figure out how to mimic its brilliant color when an unexpected discovery upended the experiment. Jie and I had been hoping to identify naturally occurring whitening pigments
- [A million new SpaceX satellites will destroy the night sky — for everyone on Earth](https://modernsciences.org/spacex-million-satellites-night-sky-pollution-march-2026/) - Samantha Lawler, University of Regina; Aaron Boley, University of British Columbia, and Hanno Rein, University of Toronto More than 10,000 Starlink satellites currently orbit the Earth. We see them crawling across dark skies, no matter how remote our location, and streaking through images from research telescopes. SpaceX recently announced that it wants to launch one
- [A new space race could turn our atmosphere into a ‘crematorium for satellites’](https://modernsciences.org/satellite-megaconstellations-atmospheric-pollution-space-debris-march-2026/) - Laura Revell, University of Canterbury; Michele Bannister, University of Canterbury, and Samantha Lawler, University of Regina When we look up at the night sky and see a satellite glide past, we might not consider climate change or the ozone layer. Space may feel separate from the environmental systems that sustain life on Earth. But increasingly,
- [A viral monkey, his plushie, and a 70‑year‑old experiment: what Punch tells us about attachment theory](https://modernsciences.org/punch-monkey-harlow-attachment-theory-march-2026/) - Mark Nielsen, The University of Queensland A baby macaque monkey named Punch has gone viral for his heart-wrenching pursuit of companionship. After being abandoned by his mother and rejected by the rest of his troop, his zookeepers at Ichikawa City Zoo in Japan provided Punch with an orangutan plushie as a stand-in mother. Videos of
- [More and more teachers and students are using AI – even though it might do more harm than good](https://modernsciences.org/ai-risks-k12-education-students-teachers-march-2026/) - Tal Slemrod, California State University, Chico K-12 teachers and students across the country are increasingly using AI in and out of classrooms, whether it is teachers turning to AI to refine lesson plans or students asking AI to help them research a particular topic. An estimated 85% of K-12 public school teachers recently reported that
- [All 5 fundamental units of life’s genetic code were just discovered in an asteroid sample](https://modernsciences.org/asteroid-ryugu-nucleobases-genetic-code-discovered-march-2026/) - Kliti Grice, Curtin University A new study reveals all five fundamental nucleobases – the molecular “letters” of life – have been detected in samples from the asteroid Ryugu. Asteroid particles offer a glimpse into the chemical ingredients that may have helped kindle life on Earth. The Ryugu samples were returned from space in 2020 by
- [Where did the ancient Greeks and Romans think lightning came from? Hint: not just the gods](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-greek-roman-lightning-mythology-science-march-2026/) - Peter Edwell, Macquarie University Is it any wonder ancient people thought lightning came from the gods? Even today a close lightning strike feels like a terrifying brush with the supernatural. Some ancient thinkers, however, suspected the gods had nothing to do with it. They wondered, centuries ahead of their time, if lightning was related somehow
- [Cacti may help explain a centuries‑old mystery of evolution](https://modernsciences.org/cactus-evolution-flower-size-biodiversity-march-2026/) - Jamie Thompson, University of Reading This question of why some branches of the tree of life explode into thousands of species, while others remain small, has shaped evolutionary biology since Charles Darwin. My colleague and I have published a new study of cactus flowers which may help explain the conundrum. For more than a century,
- [Can’t stop endlessly scrolling? Tips to help you take back control](https://modernsciences.org/stop-infinite-scrolling-social-media-addiction-march-2026/) - Sharon Horwood, Deakin University It’s called the infinite scroll – a design feature on social media, shopping, video and many other apps that continuously loads content as you reach the bottom of the page. Handy? Yes. Clever? Also yes. Devious? Very much so. The infinite scroll is likely the main reason you find it so
- [How the ocean’s hydrothermal systems made the first life on Earth possible](https://modernsciences.org/hydrothermal-vents-abiotic-ammonia-origin-of-life-march-2026/) - Long Li, University of Alberta Our planet is unique for its ability to sustain abundant life. From studies of the rock record, scientists believe life had already emerged on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago and probably much earlier. But how a habitable environment developed, and how the very first life emerged on the
- [Space launches are changing the chemistry of Earth’s atmosphere, studies warn – here’s what can be done](https://modernsciences.org/space-launches-atmosphere-chemistry-ozone-depletion-march-2026/) - Ian Williams, University of Southampton Look up on a clear night and you’ll see the streaks of our new space age. What you don’t see is the growing fallout for the atmosphere that keeps us alive. A wave of satellite launches and reentries is changing the chemistry and physics of the middle and upper atmosphere.
- [All it takes is paint and pancakes. How to boost your preschooler’s science skills](https://modernsciences.org/boost-preschool-science-skills-everyday-play-march-2026/) - Goutam Roy, Charles Sturt University and Shukla Sikder, Charles Sturt University Parents of young children will be aware of the need to encourage early reading and maths skills in their kids. They know it’s important to make time to read with their children. Or point out that “cat” starts with the letter “c”. Similarly, they
- [Why are so many statues naked? An art historian explains this tradition’s ancient roots](https://modernsciences.org/history-of-naked-statues-ancient-greece-renaissance-march-2026/) - Anna Swartwood House, University of South Carolina Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. Why are so many statues naked? – Artie, age 12, Astoria, New York We are all born naked, and sculptures of the human
- [What’s it like to be a bat? Scientists develop new solution to the puzzle of animal minds](https://modernsciences.org/teleonome-framework-animal-minds-welfare-march-2026/) - Cristina Luz Wilkins, University of New England; Amy Lykins, University of New England; Cathrynne Henshall, Charles Sturt University; Melanie Fillios, University of New England, and Paul McGreevy, University of Sydney In 1974, philosopher Thomas Nagel posed a deceptively simple question: “what is it like to be a bat?”. His point wasn’t really about bats. He
- [One of the biggest stars in the universe might be getting ready to explode](https://modernsciences.org/woh-g64-supergiant-star-supernova-march-2026/) - Sara Webb, Swinburne University of Technology One of the largest known stars in the universe underwent a dramatic transformation in 2014, new research shows, and may be preparing to explode. A study led by Gonzalo Muñoz-Sanchez at the National Observatory of Athens, published in Nature Astronomy today, argues that the enormous star WOH G64 has
- [Should I take vitamin C to ward off colds, lower blood pressure or reduce cancer risk?](https://modernsciences.org/vitamin-c-supplements-colds-cancer-blood-pressure-march-2026/) - Nial Wheate, Macquarie University; Ian Jamie, Macquarie University, and Wai-Jo Jocelin Chan, UNSW Sydney; University of Sydney Vitamin C is one of the most iconic nutrients in popular health culture, often credited with preventing colds, boosting immunity and even fighting serious diseases. But while it’s essential for our bodies to function, its benefits are often
- [How driverless vehicles can be made safer for deaf and hard of hearing people](https://modernsciences.org/inclusive-driverless-vehicles-deaf-pedestrian-safety-march-2026/) - Wenge Xu, Birmingham City University Self-driving cars are very much a reality and no longer a vision from science fiction. In the UK, automated vehicles (AVs) such as self-driving shuttles are already being tested on public roads. Self-driving taxi services are expected to launch in 2026, and the Automated Vehicles Act is scheduled for implementation
- [Why do mountaintops stay snowy?](https://modernsciences.org/why-mountaintops-stay-snowy-atmospheric-physics-march-2026/) - Allie Mazurek, Colorado State University Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. Why do we see snow on mountaintops that are closer to the Sun but not near the ground? – Ms. Drews’ third grade class, Beechview
- [Why Friday the 13th was bad luck for the Knights Templar and their legacy](https://modernsciences.org/knights-templar-friday-13th-arrests-mythology-march-2026/) - Patrick Masters, University of Portsmouth In Ridley Scott’s 2005 epic Kingdom of Heaven, The Knights Templar are portrayed as violent extremists. The film is about a crusader, Balian of Ibelin, who is fighting to defend the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem from the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, Saladin. The Knights Templar were formed on
- [The bacteria killing sea stars in the Pacific: How our team uncovered a decade‑long mystery](https://modernsciences.org/sea-star-wasting-disease-vibrio-pathogen-discovered-march-2026/) - Melanie Prentice, University of British Columbia; Alyssa-Lois Gehman, University of British Columbia; Drew Harvell, Cornell University, and Grace Crandall, University of Washington In 2013, a mysterious epidemic swept across the Pacific Coast of North America, rapidly turning billions of sea stars from Mexico to Alaska into goo. Its name, sea star wasting disease (SSWD), describes
- [How AI could unlock deep‑sea secrets of marine life](https://modernsciences.org/ai-deep-vision-mapping-marine-ecosystems-march-2026/) - Kerry Howell, Plymouth Marine Laboratory Somewhere in the North Atlantic, more than a kilometre beneath its surface, a cold-water coral reef stretches across an unnamed seamount. Despite never appearing on a chart, this underwater forest has existed for centuries, growing a centimetre or two each year. The reef is a home and feeding ground for
- [Why are some stars always visible while others come and go with the seasons?](https://modernsciences.org/why-constellations-visible-seasons-sidereal-time-march-2026/) - Vahe Peroomian, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences As a space scientist, every time I go outside with my family, I tell my children to look up at the sky. The front door of our home looks southeast, and on winter nights the constellation Orion hangs majestically just above the horizon as soon
- [Sea level doesn’t rise at the same rate everywhere – we mapped where Antarctica’s ice melt would have the biggest impact](https://modernsciences.org/sea-level-rise-antarctica-ice-melt-global-impact-march-2026/) - Shaina Sadai, Five College Consortium and Ambarish Karmalkar, University of Rhode Island When polar ice sheets melt, the effects ripple across the world. The melting ice raises average global sea level, alters ocean currents and affects temperatures in places far from the poles. But melting ice sheets don’t affect sea level and temperatures in the
- [The cost of casting animals as heroes and villains in conservation science](https://modernsciences.org/cost-of-hero-villain-narratives-in-conservation-science-march-2026/) - Adam Meyer, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Kristy Ferraro, University of Michigan Scientists are philosophers, explorers, data collectors and number crunchers. They are also storytellers, placing data within a broader scientific and societal context. How they tell these stories matters. In our work as ecologists, we find that the “hero-villain” narrative trope is a popular
- [Is honey good for you? Can it speed recovery if you’re sick or injured?](https://modernsciences.org/is-honey-good-for-you-health-benefits-risks-march-2026/) - Clare Collins, University of Newcastle Honey is often praised for a range of health benefits, from soothing a sore throat and helping you get to sleep to healing woulds and lowering risk factors for diabetes and heart disease. Honey’s acidity has the potential to prevent bacterial growth, while its density and stickiness generates osmotic pressure
- [Silicone wristbands can help scientists track people’s exposure to pollutants like ‘forever chemicals’](https://modernsciences.org/silicone-wristbands-track-pfas-chemical-exposure-march-2026/) - Yaw Edu Essandoh, Indiana University Every morning, people fasten their watch, slip on a bracelet and head out the door without thinking much about what they might encounter along the way. The air they breathe, the dust on their hands and the surfaces they touch all feel ordinary. Yet many chemical exposures happen quietly, without
- [A new face for ‘Little Foot’, the most complete Australopithecus skeleton to date](https://modernsciences.org/little-foot-australopithecus-face-reconstruction-evolution-march-2026/) - Amélie Beaudet, Université de Poitiers and Dominic Stratford, University of the Witwatersrand What did the face of our ancestors look like 3 million years ago? Meet the reconstructed face of “Little Foot” – the most complete biological Australopithecus specimen that ever existed. What did the face of one of our ancestors look like more than
- [Climate change may not end skiing. But it will make it more exclusive](https://modernsciences.org/climate-change-may-not-end-skiing-but-it-will-make-it-more-exclusive/) - Paolo Aversa, King's College London and Juliane Reinecke, University of Oxford The Winter Olympics just showcased alpine sport at its most spectacular and universal. But in the mountains themselves, access to winter sports is becoming increasingly unequal. The cost of keeping slopes open in a warming climate is climbing – and so are prices for
- [Can blood tests really detect cancer?](https://modernsciences.org/can-blood-tests-detect-cancer-tumour-markers-march-2026/) - John (Eddie) La Marca, WEHI (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research) ; Cameron Lewis, WEHI (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research) , and Sarah Diepstraten, WEHI (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research) If you’re feeling worn out or have suddenly lost some weight, your doctor might send you for
- [12 reasons why plastic recycling is failing so badly](https://modernsciences.org/reasons-why-plastic-recycling-failing-badly-march-2026/) - Jordi Diaz Marcos, Universitat de Barcelona As good citizens, we diligently fill the recycling bins provided by our local authorities with all manner of plastic trays, boxes, bottles and bags. But as these bins fill up quicker and quicker each week, an awkward question arises: is all this effort actually doing any good? Many of
- [Why you can’t tie knots in four dimensions](https://modernsciences.org/why-you-cant-tie-knots-in-four-dimensions-topology-march-2026/) - Zsuzsanna Dancso, University of Sydney We all know we live in three-dimensional space. But what does it mean when people talk about four dimensions? Is it just a bigger kind of space? Is it “space-time”, the popular idea which emerged from Einstein’s theory of relativity? If you have wondered what four dimensions really look like,
- [A cosmic explosion with the force of a billion Suns went unseen – until we caught its echo](https://modernsciences.org/cosmic-explosion-echo-orphan-gamma-ray-burst-discovery-march-2026/) - Ashna Gulati, University of Sydney and Tara Murphy, University of Sydney Some of the universe’s most extreme explosions leave behind almost no trace. The original explosion is unseen, but our observations can capture the long-lived echo it leaves behind as the shock front ploughs into its surrounding environment. In new research accepted for publication in
- [Can African penguins be brought back from the brink? Better designed no‑fishing zones could help](https://modernsciences.org/african-penguin-recovery-no-fishing-zones-overlap-intensity-march-2026/) - Jacqui Glencross, University of St Andrews South Africa is home to 88% of the world’s colonies of African penguins (Spheniscus demersus). The species is classified as Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This means there is a high risk the birds could go extinct in the wild following rapid population declines.
- [Picky eating starts in the womb – a nutritional neuroscientist explains how to expand your child’s palate](https://modernsciences.org/picky-eating-starts-in-womb-palate-expansion-march-2026/) - Kathleen Keller, Penn State It’s 5:45 p.m. and you’ve just arrived home after a long day at work. You’d like nothing more than a glass of pinot and to binge old episodes of your favorite show. Into the kitchen comes young Sally, your food-adventurous 8-year-old. “I’m hungry, what’s for dinner?” Sally has never met a
- [Will AI accelerate or undermine the way humans have always innovated?](https://modernsciences.org/ai-impact-human-innovation-collaboration-expertise-march-2026/) - R. Alexander Bentley, University of Tennessee In graduate school, my experimental archaeology professor told a student to create a door socket – the hole in a door frame that a bolt slides into – in a slab of sandstone by pecking at it with a rounded stone. After a couple of weeks, the student presented
- [Molecules found in Martian rock hint at ancient life – new study](https://modernsciences.org/mars-organic-molecules-ancient-life-study-march-2026/) - Kevin Olsen, University of Oxford A new study of carbon-based molecules in a Martian rock offers new hints about the possibility that the red planet once hosted life. The researchers considered a range of possible processes that could have produced the molecules they found. They argue that high concentrations of large organic (carbon-based) compounds found
- [20 billion galaxies: new survey of the sky will reveal the universe in unprecedented detail](https://modernsciences.org/vera-rubin-observatory-galaxy-survey-dark-energy-march-2026/) - Anais Möller, Swinburne University of Technology When you look up at the night sky, it appears unchanging. But if you look deep enough you will find that the sky is in fact constantly shifting. Satellites, asteroids and interstellar objects pass by. Stars not only shine brightly, they can suddenly burst with energy or explode in
- [The brilliant and bizarre ways birds use their sense of smell – from natural cologne to pest control](https://modernsciences.org/avian-olfaction-bird-smell-navigation-pest-control-february-2026/) - Joey Baxter, University of Sheffield When we think about birds, we often picture their colourful plumage: the iridescence of a peacock’s tail or the electric blue flash of a kingfisher. Or we might consider how they use voices, from the song of the nightingale to the coo of a dove or the shriek of a
- [Do positive affirmations work? A psychologist unpacks the evidence](https://modernsciences.org/do-positive-affirmations-work-psychology-evidence-february-2026/) - Madeleine Fraser, Australian Catholic University Scroll through social media and you’ll quickly encounter phrases like “I am worthy” or “I choose happiness”. The tantalising promise is: repeat these positive affirmations often enough and you’ll be happier, calmer and even healthier. Given we are biologically hardwired to avoid suffering and want to feel safe and happy,
- [Early Mars was warm and wet not icy, suggests latest research](https://modernsciences.org/early-mars-warm-wet-climate-research-february-2026/) - Gareth Dorrian, University of Birmingham A recent study showed that Mars was warm and wet billions of years ago. The finding contrasts with another theory that this era was mainly cold and icy. The result has implications for the idea that life could have developed on the planet at this time. Whether Mars was once
- [5 weird armours from history](https://modernsciences.org/weird-historical-armour-renaissance-symbolism-craftsmanship-february-2026/) - Grace Waye-Harris, Adelaide University For the medieval knight, armour was essential. It provided protection on the battlefield and signified status and rank. As the medieval period came to a close, Renaissance ideals of peace and diplomacy prevailed and the need for battle-hardened knights disappeared. But armour remained an important symbol of elite masculinity, thanks to
- [Ads are coming to AI. Does that really have to be such a bad thing?](https://modernsciences.org/ai-advertising-chatgpt-contextual-targeting-future-february-2026/) - Ilayaraja Subramanian, University of Canterbury American artificial intelligence (AI) company Anthropic this month attracted applause – and a surge in users – for clever advertisements poking fun at its competition. In the commercials, an AI assistant awkwardly breaks away mid-conversation to push products such as shoe insoles and dating services. “Ads are coming to AI”,
- [Does exercise really work for osteoarthritis?](https://modernsciences.org/exercise-effectiveness-osteoarthritis-pain-relief-study-february-2026/) - Hunter Bennett, Adelaide University and Lewis Ingram, Adelaide University Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease that causes pain, stiffness and swelling, and reduces your range of motion. It often affects the knees, hips and hands, although it can also occur in other joints throughout the body. If you’ve been diagnosed with osteoarthritis, your doctor
- [Too many satellites? Earth’s orbit is on track for a catastrophe – but we can stop it](https://modernsciences.org/satellite-megaconstellations-environmental-impact-dark-skies-february-2026/) - Gregory Radisic, Bond University and Samantha Lawler, University of Regina On January 30 2026, SpaceX filed an application with the US Federal Communications Commission for a megaconstellation of up to one million satellites to power data centres in space. The proposal envisions satellites operating between 500 and 2,000 kilometres in low Earth orbit. Some of
- [Deep in the Amazon, I discovered this monkey’s ingenious survival tactic](https://modernsciences.org/red-nosed-cuxiu-monkey-bite-force-survival-tactic-february-2026/) - Adrian Barnett, University of Greenwich Look down at the rainforest floor. Rotting flowers shift under the assault of tiny petal-eating beetles. Vividly coloured fungi pop up everywhere like the strange sculptures of a madly productive ceramicist. Look in front of you and heliconias and calatheas, tropical plants familiar from garden centres and greenhouses, vie for
- [Why your brain has to work harder in an open-plan office than private offices: study](https://modernsciences.org/open-plan-office-cognitive-load-brain-study-february-2026/) - Libby (Elizabeth) Sander, Bond University Since the pandemic, offices around the world have quietly shrunk. Many organisations don’t need as much floor space or as many desks, given many staff now do a mix of hybrid work from home and the office. But on days when more staff are required to be in, office spaces
- [Developing lab-grown human cartilage… using apples](https://modernsciences.org/decellularized-apples-human-cartilage-regeneration-february-2026/) - Karim Boumédiene, Université de Caen Normandie A research lab at the University of Caen Normandy (France) has succeeded in making cartilage using decellularized apples. The Bioconnect laboratory at the university, which I head, has just published a scientific paper in the Journal of Biological Engineering. In this original study, we used apples that had been
- [A new comet was just discovered. Will it be visible in broad daylight?](https://modernsciences.org/comet-maps-c2026a1-kreutz-sungrazer-discovery-february-2026/) - Jonti Horner, University of Southern Queensland A newly discovered comet has astronomers excited, with the potential to be a spectacular sight in early April. C/2026 A1 (MAPS) was spotted by a team of four amateur astronomers with a remotely operated telescope in the Atacama desert on January 13. It quickly became apparent the newly discovered
- [A new diagnosis of ‘profound autism’ is on the cards. Here’s what could change](https://modernsciences.org/profound-autism-diagnosis-support-policy-changes-february-2026/) - Kelsie Boulton, University of Sydney; Marie Antoinette Hodge, University of Sydney, and Rebecca Sutherland, University of Sydney When it comes to autism, few questions spark as much debate as how best to support autistic people with the greatest needs. This prompted The Lancet medical journal to commission a group of international experts to propose a
- [City skylines need an upgrade in the face of climate stress](https://modernsciences.org/climate-change-structural-engineering-city-resilience-february-2026/) - Mohamed Shaheen, Loughborough University When structural engineers design a building, they aren’t just stacking floors; they are calculating how to win a complex battle against nature. Every building is built to withstand a specific “budget” of environmental stress – the weight of record snowfalls, the push of powerful winds and the expansion caused by summer
- [AI could mark the end of young people learning on the job – with terrible results](https://modernsciences.org/ai-automation-entry-level-jobs-training-deficit-february-2026/) - Vivek Soundararajan, University of Bath For a long time, the deal for a wide range of careers has been simple enough. Entry-level workers carried out routine tasks in return for mentorship, skill development and a clear path towards expertise. The arrangement meant that employers had affordable labour, while employees received training and a clear career
- [What causes depression? What we know, don’t know and suspect](https://modernsciences.org/what-causes-depression-biological-genetic-environmental-factors-february-2026/) - Caroline Gurvich, Monash University; Eveline Mu, Monash University, and Jayashri Kulkarni, Monash University Depression is a complex and deeply personal experience. While almost everyone has periods of sadness, low mood or grief, depression is different. Major depressive disorder is persistent, interferes with day-to-day activities, and can affect work, life and relationships. One in five people
- [Why does this river slice straight through a mountain range? After 150 years, scientists finally know](https://modernsciences.org/green-river-uinta-mountains-lithospheric-drip-geology-february-2026/) - Adam Smith, University of Glasgow The western US is a geologists’ dream, home to the Rocky Mountains, the Grand Canyon, active volcanoes and striking sandstone arches. But one landform simply doesn’t make sense. Rivers normally flow around barriers. The Danube river, for example, flows between the Alps and the Carpathians, twisting and turning to avoid
- [A giant star is changing before our eyes and astronomers are watching in real time](https://modernsciences.org/woh-g64-red-supergiant-rapid-changes-astronomy-february-2026/) - Keiichi Ohnaka, Universidad Andrés Bello (Chile) and Jacco van Loon, Keele University For decades, astronomers have been watching WOH G64, an enormous heavyweight star in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a galaxy visible with the naked eye from the Southern Hemisphere. This star is more than 1,500 times larger than the Sun and emitting over 100,000
- [Some glaciers can suddenly surge forward – with dangerous consequences](https://modernsciences.org/surging-glaciers-climate-change-hazards-february-2026/) - Harold Lovell, University of Portsmouth and Chris Stokes, Durham University It’s difficult to forget standing in front of a glacier that is advancing towards you, towering ice pillars constantly cracking as they inch forward. The motion is too slow to see in real time, but obvious from one day to the next. One of us
- [Winter Olympians often compete in freezing temperatures – physiology and advances in materials science help keep them warm](https://modernsciences.org/winter-olympics-cold-physiology-materials-science-february-2026/) - Cara Ocobock, University of Notre Dame and Gabriel R. Burks, University of Notre Dame The Winter Olympics and Paralympics are upon us once again. This year the games come to Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy, where weather forecasts are predicting temperatures in the upper 30s to mid-40s Fahrenheit (1 to 10 degrees Celsius). These temperatures
- [Bridgerton: three true tales of love at first sight at Regency masquerade balls](https://modernsciences.org/bridgerton-true-regency-masquerade-love-stories-february-2026/) - Meg Kobza, Newcastle University Countless love stories throughout the ages hinge on the idea of love at first sight. Immediate, unwavering infatuation the moment eyes meet. Two people finding each other across a crowded, glittering ballroom or perhaps bumping into each other accidentally. But what if your true love is hidden behind a disguise? And
- [From ski jumps and sliding bobsleds to engineering snow, here are 5 essential reads on the science of the Winter Olympics](https://modernsciences.org/science-of-winter-olympics-physics-engineering-snow-february-2026/) - Mary Magnuson, The Conversation Thousands of the world’s best athletes will flock to Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo in Italy in February 2026 for the 25th Winter Olympics. While sports fans are focused on the athletic feats of the Olympians, science enthusiasts can also have fun watching them. Lots of winter sports are governed by unique
- [Why comparisons between AI and human intelligence miss the point](https://modernsciences.org/ai-vs-human-intelligence-collective-cognition-limits-february-2026/) - Celeste Rodriguez Louro, The University of Western Australia and Jennifer Rodger, The University of Western Australia Claims that artificial intelligence (AI) is on the verge of surpassing human intelligence have become commonplace. According to some commentators, rapid advances in large language models signal an imminent tipping point – often framed as “superintelligence” – that will
- [New fear unlocked: runaway black holes](https://modernsciences.org/runaway-black-holes-gravitational-waves-evidence-february-2026/) - David Blair, The University of Western Australia Last year, astronomers were fascinated by a runaway asteroid passing through our Solar System from somewhere far beyond. It was moving at around 68 kilometres per second, just over double Earth’s speed around the Sun. Imagine if it had been something much bigger and faster: a black hole
- [Horses really can smell fear, new study claims, and it changes their behaviour](https://modernsciences.org/horses-smell-human-fear-study-chemosignals-february-2026/) - Roberta Blake, Anglia Ruskin University Humans have long believed horses can “smell fear”. Nervous riders are often told to “relax, or the horse will feel it”. Until recently, though, there was little scientific evidence to show whether this was anything more than folklore. A new study has found that this belief is no myth. Its
- [Climate engineering would alter the oceans, reshaping marine life – new study examines each method’s risks](https://modernsciences.org/climate-engineering-marine-ecosystem-risks-february-2026/) - Kelsey Roberts, Cornell University; UMass Dartmouth; Daniele Visioni, Cornell University; Morgan Raven, University of California, Santa Barbara, and Tyler Rohr, University of Tasmania Climate change is already fueling dangerous heat waves, raising sea levels and transforming the oceans. Even if countries meet their pledges to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that are driving climate change,
- [Can we use bees as a model of intelligent alien life to develop interstellar communication?](https://modernsciences.org/bees-model-alien-intelligence-mathematics-communication-february-2026/) - Scarlett Howard, Monash University; Adrian Dyer, Monash University, and Andrew Greentree, RMIT University Humans have always been fascinated with space. We frequently question whether we are alone in the universe. If not, what does intelligent life look like? And how would aliens communicate? The possibility of extraterrestrial life is grounded in scientific evidence. But the
- [Women have been mapping the world for centuries – and now they’re speaking up for the people left out of those maps](https://modernsciences.org/women-in-cartography-history-inclusive-mapping-february-2026/) - Melinda Laituri, Colorado State University Although women have always been part of the mapping landscape, their contributions to cartography have long been overlooked. Mapmaking has traditionally featured men, from Mercator’s projection of the world in the 1500s to land surveyors such as George Washington and Thomas Jefferson mapping property in the 1700s, to Roger Tomlinson’s
- [What’s the point of a space station around the Moon?](https://modernsciences.org/lunar-gateway-space-station-value-artemis-program-february-2026/) - Berna Akcali Gur, Queen Mary University of London The Lunar Gateway is planned space station that will orbit the Moon. It is part of the Nasa‑led Artemis programme. Artemis aims to return humans to the Moon, establishing a sustainable presence there for scientific and commercial purposes, and eventually reach Mars. However, the modular space station
- [Small improvements in sleep, physical activity and diet are linked with a longer life](https://modernsciences.org/small-lifestyle-changes-linked-to-longer-life-february-2026/) - Eef Hogervorst, Loughborough University We may not need to completely overhaul our lives to live healthier for longer, according to a large UK-based study. This is welcome news, particularly as many people will already have abandoned their New Year’s resolutions. The recent study followed around 590,000 people in the UK, with an average age of
- [Greenland is rich in natural resources – a geologist explains why](https://modernsciences.org/greenland-natural-resources-rare-earth-elements-geology-february-2026/) - Jonathan Paul, Royal Holloway, University of London Greenland, the largest island on Earth, possesses some of the richest stores of natural resources anywhere in the world. These include critical raw materials – resources such as lithium and rare earth elements (REEs) that are essential for green technologies, but whose production and sustainability are highly sensitive
- [Great white sharks grow a whole new kind of tooth for slicing bone as they age](https://modernsciences.org/great-white-shark-tooth-evolution-dietary-adaptation-february-2026/) - Emily Hunt, University of Sydney; David Raubenheimer, University of Sydney, and Ezequiel M. Marzinelli, University of Sydney A great white shark is a masterwork of evolutionary engineering. These beautiful predators glide effortlessly through the water, each slow, deliberate sweep of the powerful tail driving a body specialised for stealth, speed and efficiency. From above, its
- [AI is failing ‘Humanity’s Last Exam’. So what does that mean for machine intelligence?](https://modernsciences.org/ai-failing-humanitys-last-exam-machine-intelligence-limits-february-2026/) - Kai Riemer, University of Sydney and Sandra Peter, University of Sydney How do you translate ancient Palmyrene script from a Roman tombstone? How many paired tendons are supported by a specific sesamoid bone in a hummingbird? Can you identify closed syllables in Biblical Hebrew based on the latest scholarship on Tiberian pronunciation traditions? These are
- [Puzzling slow radio pulses are coming from space. A new study could finally explain them](https://modernsciences.org/white-dwarf-pulsars-long-period-transients-discovery-february-2026/) - Csanád Horváth, Curtin University and Natasha Hurley-Walker, Curtin University Cosmic radio pulses repeating every few minutes or hours, known as long-period transients, have puzzled astronomers since their discovery in 2022. Our new study, published in Nature Astronomy today, might finally add some clarity. Radio astronomers are very familiar with pulsars, a type of rapidly rotating
- [Where do seashells come from?](https://modernsciences.org/where-do-seashells-come-from-biomineralization-marine-life-february-2026/) - Michal Kowalewski, University of Florida and Thomas K. Frazer, University of South Florida Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. Where do seashells come from? – Ivy, age 5, Phoenix, Arizona Seashells are so plentiful that you
- [Chemistry is stuck in the dark ages – ‘chemputation’ can bring it into the digital world](https://modernsciences.org/chemputation-digital-chemistry-ai-automation-february-2026/) - Lee Cronin, University of Glasgow Chemistry deals with that most fundamental subject: matter. New drugs, materials and batteries all depend on our ability to make new molecules. But discovery of new substances is slow, expensive and fragile. Each molecule is treated as a bespoke craft project. If a synthesis works in one lab, it often
- [Four early medieval swords found in Kent – child graves reveal they were more than just weapons](https://modernsciences.org/medieval-swords-child-graves-kent-archaeology-february-2026/) - Duncan Sayer, University of Lancashire Four early Anglo-Saxon swords uncovered during a recent archaeological excavation I took part in each tell a story about how weapons were viewed at the time. There was also a striking discovery of a child buried with spear and shield. Was the child an underage fighter? Or were weapons more
- [What is Nipah virus? And what makes it so deadly?](https://modernsciences.org/nipah-virus-outbreak-symptoms-fatality-rate-february-2026/) - Allen Cheng, Monash University An outbreak of the deadly Nipah virus in India has put many countries in Asia on high alert, given the fatality rate in humans can be between 40% and 75%. Several countries, including Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore, have introduced new screening and testing measures, after at least two people died of
- [Why Philly has so many sinkholes](https://modernsciences.org/why-philly-has-so-many-sinkholes-infrastructure-geology-february-2026/) - Laura Toran, Temple University In early January, a giant sinkhole formed at an intersection in the West Oak Lane neighborhood of North Philadelphia after a water main break. Just two weeks earlier, the city reopened a section of the Schuylkill River Trail in Center City that had been shut down for two months due to
- [Curious kids: how old is fire on Earth?](https://modernsciences.org/geological-history-ancient-fire-origins-february-2026/) - Andrew Scott, Royal Holloway, University of London Please can I ask how old is fire on earth, not tamed by people but since when has there been fire and flames on the planet. Samuel, 5, London You ask a very interesting question. For many years, scientists assumed that fire and humans were so connected that
- [Does running wear out the bodies of professionals and amateurs alike?](https://modernsciences.org/running-impact-professional-amateur-bodies-january-2026/) - Sylvain Durand, Le Mans Université Running counts among today’s most popular sports. Sometimes the race is on even before the competition itself has started, as tickets for events sell out within hours. In France, this has got people talking about a “race for the runner’s bib”. So, while running enjoys the reputation of a wholesome
- [New study sheds light on the threat of ‘marine darkwaves’ to ocean life](https://modernsciences.org/marine-darkwaves-ocean-ecosystem-threat-january-2026/) - François Thoral, University of Waikato; Christopher Battershill, University of Waikato; David R Schiel, University of Canterbury, and Shinae Montie, The University of Western Australia Life in the ocean runs on light. It fuels photosynthesis, shapes food webs and determines where many marine species can live. Gradually, that light is fading. Since the early 2000s, more
- [Are there thunderstorms on Mars? A planetary scientist explains the red planet’s dry, dusty storms](https://modernsciences.org/mars-dust-storms-lightning-planetary-science-january-2026/) - Nilton O. Rennó, University of Michigan Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. Are there thunderstorms on Mars? – Cade, age 7, Houston, Texas Mars is a very dry planet with very little water in its atmosphere
- [What actually is fire? A physicist explains](https://modernsciences.org/physics-of-fire-combustion-chemical-reaction-january-2026/) - Emma Brown, CQUniversity Australia Fire is an ancient technology that has helped shape human evolution. Our ancestors used fire for safety, cooking and preserving food. They gathered around a flickering fire to share stories, pass on cultural knowledge and build community. Today, fire is an important industrial tool. It remains woven into our daily lives
- [Comfort them or let them tough it out? How parents shape a child’s pain response](https://modernsciences.org/parents-shape-child-pain-response-january-2026/) - Joshua Pate, University of Technology Sydney It happens in slow motion. Your six-year-old daughter is sprinting across the playground at school drop-off time when her toe catches on uneven ground. She goes down hard. The playground goes silent. She freezes and looks up, straight at you. In that split second she scans your face for
- [Why restoring nature can work so much more effectively when led by local people](https://modernsciences.org/community-led-ecological-restoration-indigenous-stewardship-january-2026/) - Neil Dawson, University of East Anglia; Adrian Martin, University of East Anglia, and Iokiñe Rodríguez, University of East Anglia The success of restoration efforts hinges on involving local communities. That was the finding of our recent study which explored restoration programmes around the world. From the English fens, where soils are degraded from decades of
- [What were books like in ancient Greece and Rome?](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-greek-roman-books-writing-history-january-2026/) - Konstantine Panegyres, The University of Western Australia If you were to visit a bookshop in the ancient world, what would it be like? You don’t just have to imagine it. The ancient Roman writer Aulus Gellius, who lived in the 2nd century CE, gives us a number of descriptions of his adventures at bookstores. In
- [From lunar nights to Martian dust storms: why batteries struggle in space](https://modernsciences.org/space-battery-challenges-lunar-mars-energy-storage-january-2026/) - Hammad Nazir, University of South Wales Space agencies are no longer talking about visiting the Moon, they’re planning on living on it. Nasa wants a permanent lunar presence by the 2030s through its Artemis programme. China, meanwhile, has set its sights on landing astronauts on the Moon by the end of the decade, with plans
- [Jigsaw puzzles help make mathematics learning more active and fun](https://modernsciences.org/tarsia-puzzles-active-mathematics-learning-january-2026/) - Francis Duah, Toronto Metropolitan University Holidays bring celebration, rest and, for many families, long stretches of indoor time. For some, this means table top games quickly reappear on kitchen tables. Games provide opportunities for learning mathematics actively. These moments of playful learning raise a broader question: how can we support student’s mathematical learning at home
- [The way Earth’s surface moves has a bigger impact on shifting the climate than we knew](https://modernsciences.org/tectonic-plates-deep-carbon-cycle-climate-january-2026/) - Ben Mather, The University of Melbourne; Adriana Dutkiewicz, University of Sydney; Dietmar Müller, University of Sydney, and Sabin Zahirovic, University of Sydney Our planet has experienced dramatic climate shifts throughout its history, oscillating between freezing “icehouse” periods and warm “greenhouse” states. Scientists have long linked these climate changes to fluctuations in atmospheric carbon dioxide. However,
- [Does adding ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ to your ChatGPT prompts really waste energy?](https://modernsciences.org/chatgpt-politeness-energy-myth-ai-environmental-impact-january-2026/) - Richard Morris, Lincoln University, New Zealand Cut the words “please” and “thank you” from your next ChatGPT query and, if you believe some of the talk online, you might think you are helping save the planet. The idea sounds plausible because AI systems process text incrementally: longer prompts require slightly more computation and therefore use
- [How mountain terraces have helped Indigenous peoples live with climate uncertainty](https://modernsciences.org/indigenous-terrace-agriculture-climate-adaptation-january-2026/) - Stephen Acabado, University of California, Los Angeles Indigenous communities have lived with changes to the climate for centuries. Their adaptations over those many years are based on their close observation of weather, water, soils and seasonal change, and they have been refined through generations of learning. That knowledge, though developed deep in the past, is
- [Are we the Martians? The intriguing idea that life on Earth began on the red planet](https://modernsciences.org/life-on-earth-mars-origin-panspermia-luca-january-2026/) - Seán Jordan, Dublin City University How did life begin on Earth? While scientists have theories, they don’t yet fully understand the precise chemical steps that led to biology, or when the first primitive life forms appeared. But what if Earth’s life did not originate here, instead arriving on meteorites from Mars? It’s not the most
- [Why mangoes fall before they’re ripe – and how science is helping them hang on](https://modernsciences.org/mango-fruit-drop-science-plant-hormones-growth-regulators-january-2026/) - Sophie Jones, The University of Queensland Ever wondered why your mango tree drops fruit before it’s ripe? Each season, mango growers across Australia watch helplessly as millions of mangoes fall to the ground too early. These mangoes never ripen properly, never reach consumers, and represent a major loss – both economically and environmentally. Premature fruit
- [Odysseus the destroyer? Christopher Nolan’s new Odyssey adaptation revives an ancient moral question](https://modernsciences.org/christopher-nolan-odyssey-odysseus-moral-heroism-january-2026/) - Michael La Corte, University of Tübingen and Stephan Blum, University of Tübingen Imagine waking up to find strangers in your home – eating your food, killing your animals, then laughing as they blind you. Later, they tell the world you were the monster. We are describing one of the better known episodes of Homer’s Odyssey,
- [Deepfakes leveled up in 2025 – here’s what’s coming next](https://modernsciences.org/deepfake-technology-evolution-real-time-synthetic-media-january-2026/) - Siwei Lyu, University at Buffalo Over the course of 2025, deepfakes improved dramatically. AI-generated faces, voices and full-body performances that mimic real people increased in quality far beyond what even many experts expected would be the case just a few years ago. They were also increasingly used to deceive people. For many everyday scenarios —
- [Is postmodernism wrecking science? In a provocative book, scientists weigh the evidence](https://modernsciences.org/postmodernism-science-objective-truth-lawrence-krauss-january-2026/) - Fiona Helen Panther, The University of Western Australia Science may be a tried and tested way of knowing what we know, but it’s under threat. In Australia, leading science agency CSIRO is expected to cut up to 350 research roles. A CSIRO staffer said it was among the worst cuts the agency has ever seen.
- [Earth’s frozen regions are sending a clear warning about climate change – but politicians are ignoring it](https://modernsciences.org/melting-cryosphere-sea-level-rise-climate-policy-january-2026/) - Chris Stokes, Durham University; Florence Colleoni, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS), and James Kirkham, British Antarctic Survey “We cannot negotiate with the melting point of ice.” That’s the message from more than 50 leading scientists who study the Earth’s frozen regions, published in the latest annual State of the Cryosphere report. In
- [Disaster after disaster: do we have enough raw materials to ‘build back better’?](https://modernsciences.org/sustainable-building-materials-disaster-reconstruction-build-back-better-january-2026/) - Missaka Nandalochana Hettiarachchi, James Cook University This Christmas Day marks 21 years since the terrifying Indian Ocean tsunami. As we remember the hundreds of thousands of lives lost in this tragic event, it is also a moment to reflect on what followed. How do communities rebuild after major events such as the tsunami, and other
- [Should AI be allowed to resurrect the dead?](https://modernsciences.org/ai-deathbots-digital-resurrection-ethics-january-2026/) - James Muldoon, University of Essex When Roro (not her real name) lost her mother to cancer, the grief felt bottomless. In her mid-20s and working as a content creator in China, she was haunted by the unfinished nature of their relationship. Their bond had always been complicated – shaped by unspoken resentments and a childhood
- [Five ways to improve your health this year that don’t rely on losing weight](https://modernsciences.org/five-ways-improve-health-without-weight-loss-january-2026/) - Rachel Woods, University of Lincoln Every January, internet searches for the terms “diet” and “weight loss” surge, gyms become busier and diet trends spread across social media. But research shows that most people who try the latest quick-fix plan do not keep the weight off. Focusing on weight alone can overshadow other changes that improve
- [Who was Amelia Frank? The life of a forgotten physicist](https://modernsciences.org/who-was-amelia-frank-forgotten-quantum-physics-pioneer-january-2026/) - Peter Jacobson, The University of Queensland and Beck Wise, The University of Queensland In 1977, an American physicist named John H. Van Vleck won the Nobel prize for his work on magnetism. In his Nobel lecture, amid a discussion of rare earth elements, one sentence leaps out: Miss Frank and I made the relevant calculations.
- [Lower-cost space missions like NASA’s ESCAPADE are starting to deliver exciting science – but at a price in risk and trade‑offs](https://modernsciences.org/nasa-escapade-mars-mission-low-cost-risks-december-2025/) - Ari Koeppel, Dartmouth College After a yearslong series of setbacks, NASA’s Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers, or ESCAPADE, mission has finally begun its roundabout journey to Mars. Launched on Nov. 13, 2025, aboard Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket, ESCAPADE’s twin probes will map the planet’s magnetic field and study how the solar wind
- [Where did the new year’s resolution come from? Well, we’ve been making them for 4,000 years](https://modernsciences.org/history-of-new-years-resolutions-origins-december-2025/) - Joanne Dickson, Edith Cowan University As we welcome in the new year, a common activity across many cultures is the setting of new year resolutions. New year represents a significant temporal milestone in the calendar when many people set new goals for the year ahead. Here in Australia, over 70% of men and women (over
- [How are dark matter and antimatter different?](https://modernsciences.org/dark-matter-vs-antimatter-differences-explained-december-2025/) - Dipangkar Dutta, Mississippi State University Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. What is dark matter and what is antimatter? Are they the same or different? – Namrata, age 13, Ghaziabad, India Imagine an epic video game
- [Why is time going so fast and how do I slow it down?](https://modernsciences.org/how-to-slow-down-time-perception-december-2025/) - Hinze Hogendoorn, Queensland University of Technology How is it December already? What happened to 2025? And how did we suddenly jump from eating Easter eggs to putting up Christmas trees? To understand why our perception of time seems to bend and warp, we need to dig into how our brains tell time in the first
- [Humans aren’t the only animals that gather to hunker down together at Christmas](https://modernsciences.org/animal-winter-aggregation-survival-strategies-december-2025/) - Anna Champneys, Nottingham Trent University Just as humans have historically gathered during winter, many animals do the same. Animals may not be exchanging presents or decorating their nests and dens but a lot of species become more social in winter – even ones that are normally solitary. Animals have more to worry about this time
- [The North Pole keeps moving – here’s how that affects Santa’s holiday travel and yours](https://modernsciences.org/magnetic-north-pole-movement-navigation-december-2025/) - Scott Brame, Clemson University When Santa is done delivering presents on Christmas Eve, he must get back home to the North Pole, even if it’s snowing so hard that the reindeer can’t see the way. He could use a compass, but then he has a challenge: He has to be able to find the right
- [It’s so hard to resist overspending at Christmas – here’s how to reinforce your willpower](https://modernsciences.org/christmas-overspending-psychology-reinforce-willpower-december-2025/) - Samantha Brooks, Liverpool John Moores University We often throw caution to the cold, dark wind of December when it comes to spending. The cost-of-living crisis may slip our minds amid the razzle-dazzle of Christmas. We just want a moment to enjoy ourselves, to forget about the winter gloom. It’s natural for us to behave this
- [Millions of hectares are still being cut down every year. How can we protect global forests?](https://modernsciences.org/global-forest-protection-deforestation-gap-december-2025/) - Kate Dooley, The University of Melbourne Ahead of the United Nations climate summit in Belém last month, Brazil’s President Lula da Silva urged world leaders to agree to roadmaps away from fossil fuels and deforestation and pledge the resources to meet these goals. After failing to secure consensus, COP president Andre Corrêa do Lago announced
- [From early cars to generative AI, new technologies create demand for specialized materials](https://modernsciences.org/echnology-adoption-critical-minerals-ai-demand-december-2025/) - Peter Müllner, Boise State University Generative artificial intelligence has become widely accepted as a tool that increases productivity. Yet the technology is far from mature. Large language models advance rapidly from one generation to the next, and experts can only speculate how AI will affect the workforce and peoples’ daily lives. As a materials scientist,
- [Hundreds of iceberg earthquakes detected at the crumbling end of Antarctica’s Doomsday Glacier](https://modernsciences.org/thwaites-glacier-earthquakes-antarctica-sea-level-rise-december-2025/) - Thanh-Son Pham, Australian National University Glacial earthquakes are a special type of earthquake generated in cold, icy regions. First discovered in the northern hemisphere more than 20 years ago, these quakes occur when huge chunks of ice fall from glaciers into the sea. Until now, only a very few have been found in the Antarctic.
- [What’s the difference between a tumour and cancer?](https://modernsciences.org/difference-between-tumour-and-cancer-medical-definitions-december-2025/) - Sarah Sasson, UNSW Sydney and Megan Barnet, Garvan Institute The terms tumour and cancer can refer to different types of lumps and bumps. But the terms are often confused and misused – by the general public and even health professionals. For instance, doctors can use euphemisms such as tumour, mass, lesion or spot when they
- [We watched these coral colonies succumb to black band disease. 6 months later, 75% were dead](https://modernsciences.org/black-band-disease-great-barrier-reef-goniopora-mortality-december-2025/) - Shawna Foo, University of Sydney and Maria Byrne, University of Sydney During the last global coral bleaching event in 2023 and 2024 , the Great Barrier Reef experienced the highest temperatures for centuries and widespread bleaching. With bleaching events becoming more frequent, the very existence of coral reefs is under threat. This, in case it’s
- [Most normal matter in the universe isn’t found in planets, stars or galaxies – an astronomer explains where it’s distributed](https://modernsciences.org/normal-matter-distribution-fast-radio-bursts-december-2025/) - Chris Impey, University of Arizona If you look across space with a telescope, you’ll see countless galaxies, most of which host large central black holes, billions of stars and their attendant planets. The universe teems with huge, spectacular objects, and it might seem like these massive objects should hold most of the universe’s matter. But
- [Kimchi may boost immune function, recent study shows](https://modernsciences.org/kimchi-immune-system-benefits-study-december-2025/) - Rachel Woods, University of Lincoln Kimchi has been enjoyed for centuries in Korea. But the spicy fermented cabbage dish has recently gained popularity in other parts of the world not only because of its delicious taste, but because of its potential to positively influence the many thousands of important microbes living in our gut as
- [We found a cache of rare Aboriginal artefacts, telling a story of trade and ingenuity](https://modernsciences.org/aboriginal-stone-tools-cache-trade-ingenuity-december-2025/) - Yinika L. Perston, Griffith University; Lorna Bogdanek, Indigenous Knowledge, and Lynley Wallis, Griffith University About 170 years ago, a bundle of stone tools was deliberately buried, or “cached”, near a waterhole in far-west Queensland and never recovered. Why? Our team’s investigation of this extremely rare site has revealed a long story of Indigenous trade and
- [Why we remember the source of an opinion better than the source of a fact – new research](https://modernsciences.org/memory-for-opinions-vs-facts-source-attribution-december-2025/) - Daniel Mirny, IESE Business School (Universidad de Navarra) In public discourse, we spend a great deal of collective energy debating the accuracy of facts. We fact-check politicians, monitor social media for misinformation, and prioritise data-driven decision-making in our workplaces. This focus is vital; the distinction between truth and falsehood is the bedrock of a functioning
- [Good sleep starts in the gut](https://modernsciences.org/gut-microbiome-brain-axis-sleep-connection-december-2025/) - Manal Mohammed, University of Westminster You might think good sleep happens in your brain, but restorative sleep actually begins much lower in the body: in the gut. The community of trillions of microbes living in your digestive tract, known as the gut microbiome, plays a powerful role in regulating sleep quality, mood and overall wellbeing.
- [Coral reefs have orchestrated Earth’s climate for 250 million years](https://modernsciences.org/coral-reefs-climate-regulation-ocean-alkalinity-december-2025/) - Tristan Salles, University of Sydney and Laurent Husson, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) When we think of coral reefs, we picture bright fish, clear water and colourful corals. But reefs have also shaped the planet in deeper ways. Our new study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, shows reefs have
- [Inside the Regency ballroom: what you’d experience on a night out with Jane Austen](https://modernsciences.org/jane-austen-regency-ballroom-social-etiquette-december-2025/) - Hillary Burlock, University of Liverpool The ballrooms of Jane Austen’s Britain have been hailed in literature and period dramas as a marriage market where young men and women could meet and mingle. The ballroom set the scene for Elizabeth Bennet and Mr Darcy’s first encounter at Meryton’s assembly rooms in Pride and Prejudice (1813), and
- [Visual thinking: the strategy that could help you spot misinformation and manipulated images](https://modernsciences.org/visual-thinking-strategies-spot-misinformation-ai-media-december-2025/) - Shaun Nolan, Malmö University A fake photo of an explosion near the Pentagon once rattled the stock market. A tearful video of a frightened young “Ukrainian conscript” went viral: until exposed as staged. We may be approaching a “synthetic media tipping point”, where AI-generated images and videos are becoming so realistic that traditional markers of
- [Google’s proposed data center in orbit will face issues with space debris in an already crowded orbit](https://modernsciences.org/google-project-suncatcher-space-debris-risks-december-2025/) - Mojtaba Akhavan-Tafti, University of Michigan The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence and cloud services has led to a massive demand for computing power. The surge has strained data infrastructure, which requires lots of electricity to operate. A single, medium-sized data center here on Earth can consume enough electricity to power about 16,500 homes, with even
- [How technology is reshaping children’s development – the good, the bad and the unknown](https://modernsciences.org/technology-reshaping-child-development-impact-december-2025/) - Valentina Fantasia, Lund University and Joanna Rączaszek-Leonardi, University of Warsaw It’s a common scene on public transport. A parent holds a mobile phone showing noisy cartoons to their young child. The pair is looking at the screen together, laughing. Yet parent and child rarely exchange a gaze or look out across the landscape. While many
- [The real reason states first emerged thousands of years ago – new research](https://modernsciences.org/origin-of-nation-states-grain-taxation-november-2025/) - Christopher Opie, University of Bristol and Quentin Douglas Atkinson, University of Auckland, Waipapa Taumata Rau Globalisation, migration, climate change and war – nation states are currently under huge pressure on many fronts. Understanding the forces that initially drove the emergence of states across the world may help explain why. For a long time after humans
- [Why is bamboo used for scaffolding in Hong Kong? A construction expert explains](https://modernsciences.org/bamboo-scaffolding-hong-kong-fire-safety-risks-december-2025/) - Ehsan Noroozinejad, Western Sydney University At least 44 people have died and more than 270 are missing after a major fire engulfed an apartment complex in Hong Kong’s Tai Po district. The fire, which swept through multiple high-rise towers, is still burning. The exact cause of the blaze, which broke out just before 3pm local
- [How multilingualism can protect against brain ageing](https://modernsciences.org/multilingualism-protects-against-brain-ageing-december-2025/) - Xinyu Liu, University of Reading and Christos Pliatsikas, University of Reading People are living longer than ever around the world. Longer lives bring new opportunities, but they also introduce challenges, especially the risk of age-related decline. Alongside physical changes such as reduced strength or slower movement, many older adults struggle with memory, attention and everyday
- [Engineered microbes could tackle climate change – if we ensure it’s done safely](https://modernsciences.org/engineered-microbes-synthetic-biology-climate-change-december-2025/) - Daniele Fulvi, Western Sydney University As the climate crisis accelerates, there’s a desperate need to rapidly reduce carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, both by slashing emissions and by pulling carbon out of the air. Synthetic biology has emerged as a particularly promising approach. Despite the name, synthetic biology isn’t about creating new life from
- [What autistic people – and those with ADHD and dyslexia – really think about the word ‘neurodiversity’](https://modernsciences.org/neurodiversity-vs-neurodivergent-autism-adhd-language-december-2025/) - Aimee Grant, Swansea University; Amy Pearson, Durham University, and Jennifer Leigh, University of Liverpool The term “neurodiversity” is still relatively new. Even now, there’s no firm agreement among experts about what it should include. Does it refer only to neurodevelopmental differences such as autism, ADHD and dyslexia? Or should it stretch further, to include mental
- [The exercise paradox: why workouts aren’t great for weight loss but useful for maintaining a healthy body weight](https://modernsciences.org/exercise-paradox-weight-loss-maintenance-metabolic-adaptation-october-2025/) - Rachel Woods, University of Lincoln The basic principle of weight loss is straightforward: if you consume fewer calories than you burn, you’ll lose weight. In practice though, this isn’t usually so easy or simple. Alongside counting calories or eating smaller portions, many people add exercise into the equation when trying to lose weight to help
- [Only 1% of chemical compounds have been discovered – here’s how we search for others that could change the world](https://modernsciences.org/undiscovered-chemical-compounds-synthesis-search-december-2025/) - Matthew Addicoat, Nottingham Trent University The universe is flooded with billions of chemicals, each a tiny pinprick of potential. And we’ve only identified 1% of them. Scientists believe undiscovered chemical compounds could help remove greenhouse gases, or trigger a medical breakthrough much like penicillin did. But let’s just get this out there first: it’s not
- [Fern stems reveal secrets of evolution – how constraints in development can lead to new forms](https://modernsciences.org/fern-evolution-developmental-constraints-vascular-systems-december-2025/) - Jacob S. Suissa, University of Tennessee There are few forms of the botanical world as readily identifiable as fern leaves. These often large, lacy fronds lend themselves nicely to watercolor paintings and tricep tattoos alike. Thoreau said it best: “Nature made ferns for pure leaves, to show what she could do in that line.” But
- [The ChatGPT effect: In 3 years the AI chatbot has changed the way people look things up](https://modernsciences.org/chatgpt-effect-generative-ai-search-trends-december-2025/) - Deborah Lee, Mississippi State University Three years ago, if someone needed to fix a leaky faucet or understand inflation, they usually did one of three things: typed the question into Google, searched YouTube for a how-to video or shouted desperately at Alexa for help. Today, millions of people start with a different approach: They open
- [Lions have two types of roar – new research](https://modernsciences.org/new-lion-roar-types-conservation-december-2025/) - Jonathan Growcott, University of Exeter The roar of an African lion is one of the most iconic sounds of the animal kingdom. However, my new research suggests it should actually be separated into two distinct vocalisations: the full-throated roar, and an “intermediary roar” with a flatter, less varied sound. Making this distinction could have important
- [Scientists can now watch metal crystals grow inside liquid metal](https://modernsciences.org/metal-crystal-growth-liquid-metal-micro-ct-december-2025/) - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh, University of Sydney and Moonika Widjajana, University of Sydney If you dissolve sugar in hot water and then cool it down, you’ll see pure sugar crystals form while impurities stay in the liquid. You can even watch the beautiful sugar crystals slowly grow in the water. You can do the same thing with
- [Five everyday habits that could be harming your pancreas](https://modernsciences.org/everyday-habits-harming-pancreas-health-december-2025/) - Dipa Kamdar, Kingston University The pancreas is essential for staying alive and healthy. This small organ sits behind the stomach and has two main jobs. It produces digestive enzymes that break down food and hormones such as insulin and glucagon that control blood sugar. Everyday habits such as heavy drinking and unhealthy eating can gradually
- [How adding plants to your driveway could reduce winter flood risks](https://modernsciences.org/permeable-driveways-reduce-winter-flood-risks-december-2025/) - Ross Cameron, University of Sheffield When it comes to adapting cities to a rapidly and dramatically changing climate, the garden is on the frontline of the fight. Gardens act as green sinkholes, allowing excess rainwater to escape, as well as helping to cool cities in summer. Gardens would provide all these (and other) benefits if
- [When darkness shines: How dark stars could illuminate the early universe](https://modernsciences.org/dark-stars-dark-matter-james-webb-discovery-december-2025/) - Alexey A. Petrov, University of South Carolina Scientists working with the James Webb Space Telescope discovered three unusual astronomical objects in early 2025, which may be examples of dark stars. The concept of dark stars has existed for some time and could alter scientists’ understanding of how ordinary stars form. However, their name is somewhat
- [How to empower teachers and help students prepare for a sustainable future](https://modernsciences.org/climate-change-education-policy-reform-cop30-december-2025/) - Nicola Walshe, UCL; Denise Quiroz Martinez, University of Stirling, and Luciano Fernandes Silva Education about climate change and sustainability is a vital part of responding to a rapidly changing world, including the negative effects of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution. Teachers, including in Brazil and England, help young people live with futures shaped by
- [AI-induced psychosis: the danger of humans and machines hallucinating together](https://modernsciences.org/ai-induced-psychosis-chatbot-hallucinations-mental-health-risks-november-2025/) - Lucy Osler, University of Exeter On Christmas Day 2021, Jaswant Singh Chail scaled the walls of Windsor Castle with a loaded crossbow. When confronted by police, he stated: “I’m here to kill the queen.” In the preceding weeks, Chail had been confiding in Sarai, his AI chatbot on a service called Replika. He explained that
- [Beyond the habitable zone: Exoplanet atmospheres are the next clue to finding life on planets orbiting distant stars](https://modernsciences.org/exoplanet-atmospheres-habitable-zone-life-search-november-2025/) - Morgan Underwood, Rice University When astronomers search for planets that could host liquid water on their surface, they start by looking at a star’s habitable zone. Water is a key ingredient for life, and on a planet too close to its star, water on its surface may “boil”; too far, and it could freeze. This
- [Here’s what Black Friday sales shopping does to your brain](https://modernsciences.org/black-friday-neuroscience-consumer-psychology-november-2025/) - Tijl Grootswagers, Western Sydney University and Daniel Feuerriegel, The University of Melbourne Every November, Black Friday arrives with big claims of massive savings and “one-day-only” deals. We are bombarded with offers that seem too good to pass up. But beneath all this lies something far more strategic. Black Friday is not simply about a day
- [Reduced air pollution is making clouds reflect less sunlight](https://modernsciences.org/cleaner-air-accelerates-warming-cloud-dimming-november-2025/) - Knut von Salzen, University of Washington Winter is setting in across the Northern Hemisphere, and with it, cold and cloudy winter days. Clouds play a vital role in the environment, providing rain but also reflecting sunlight before it reaches the Earth’s surface. But between 2003 and 2022, clouds over the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific
- [AI is providing emotional support for employees – but is it a valuable tool or privacy threat?](https://modernsciences.org/workplace-ai-emotional-support-privacy-risks-november-2025/) - Nelson Phillips, University of California, Santa Barbara and Fares Ahmad, University of California, Santa Barbara As artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT become an increasingly popular avenue for people seeking personal therapy and emotional support, the dangers that this can present – especially for young people – have made plenty of headlines. What hasn’t received as
- [Yes, shouting at seagulls actually works, scientists confirm](https://modernsciences.org/scientists-confirm-shouting-deterrents-urban-seagulls-november-2025/) - Neeltje Boogert, University of Exeter Did you get through your beach picnics unscathed this summer? Or did you return from a swim only to find a “seagull” (most likely a herring gull if in the UK) rifling through your bags in search of food? If the latter, shouting at it should help to stop the
- [Electric fields steered nanoparticles through a liquid-filled maze – this new method could improve drug delivery and purification systems](https://modernsciences.org/electric-fields-nanoparticle-electrophoresis-drug-delivery-november-2025/) - Daniel K. Schwartz, University of Colorado Boulder and Ankur Gupta, University of Colorado Boulder In the home, the lab and the factory, electric fields control technologies such as Kindle displays, medical diagnostic tests and devices that purify cancer drugs. In an electric field, anything with an electrical charge – from an individual atom to a
- [How do you fire someone into the Sun?](https://modernsciences.org/firing-into-sun-orbital-mechanics-space-physics-november-2025/) - Michael J. I. Brown, Monash University We live in changing times. While we once flippantly threw villains to the lions, now we seek to fire them into the Sun. It sounds easy enough. The Sun is unbelievably massive, with gravity sufficient to keep the planets in their orbits over billions of years. How hard can
- [How do I know if my kid is worrying about food and their body too much? And what should I say?](https://modernsciences.org/worrying-about-food-body-kids-november-2025/) - Tracey Wade, Flinders University Eating disorders are most likely to develop in young people aged between 12 and 25. But parents and other close adults can miss the early warning signs. For example, you might notice your child doing more exercise or choosing healthier foods and see these behaviours as normal or even positive. Eating
- [A new way to measure the age of dolphins opens a window onto the lives of these iconic animals](https://modernsciences.org/dolphin-epigenetic-age-clock-november-2025/) - Evi Hanninger, Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa – Massey University; Emma Betty, Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa – Massey University; Karen A Stockin, Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa – Massey University; Katharina J. Peters, University of Wollongong, and Livia Gerber, CSIRO Knowing the age of an animal reveals key information about how long it lives and when it
- [Were Neanderthals capable of making art?](https://modernsciences.org/were-neanderthals-capable-of-making-art/) - Paul Pettitt, Durham University The ability to make art has often been considered a hallmark of our species. Over a century ago, prehistorians even had trouble believing that modern humans from the Upper Palaeolithic (between 45,000 and 12,000 years ago) were capable of artistic flair. Discoveries of uncontrovertibly old artworks from the caves and rockshelters
- [What is time? Rather than something that ‘flows,’ a philosopher suggests time is a psychological projection](https://modernsciences.org/what-is-time-psychological-projection-theory-november-2025/) - Adrian Bardon, Wake Forest University “Time flies,” “time waits for no one,” “as time goes on”: The way we speak about time tends to strongly imply that the passage of time is some sort of real process that happens out there in the world. We inhabit the present moment and move through time, even as
- [75% of Kilimanjaro’s natural plants have been wiped out – and climate change isn’t the biggest threat](https://modernsciences.org/kilimanjaro-plant-extinction-land-use-threat-november-2025/) - Andreas Hemp, Bayreuth University Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is sold to the world as frozen romance and pure nature. But the real story today is at its feet, not its peak. That’s because Kilimanjaro is a great real-world place for scientists to study how and why biodiversity is changing. The mountain has many different land
- [Amelia Earhart disappeared almost 90 years ago. Why are so many people still looking for her?](https://modernsciences.org/amelia-earhart-disappearance-search-expeditions-november-2025/) - Natasha Heap, University of Southern Queensland It has been more than 88 years since the world’s most famous female aviator, Amelia Earhart, and her navigator Fred Noonan, disappeared on the second-last leg of their around-the-world flight odyssey. According to the United States government’s official report of the 16-day search, Earhart and Noonan ran out of
- [Why is it so hard to take a good photo of the Moon with my phone?](https://modernsciences.org/phone-moon-photo-struggle-astrophotography-november-2025/) - Michael J. I. Brown, Monash University It’s a beautiful clear night. The stars are out and the Moon looks breathtaking against the sky, so you reach for your phone to take a snap. The results are, to be blunt, disappointing. Try again. Steady your hands, focus on the Moon, take a photo and… it’s another
- [The science of weight loss – and why your brain is wired to keep you fat](https://modernsciences.org/science-of-weight-loss-brain-wired-fat-november-2025/) - Valdemar Brimnes Ingemann Johansen, University of Copenhagen and Christoffer Clemmensen, University of Copenhagen For decades, we’ve been told that weight loss is a matter of willpower: eat less, move more. But modern science has proven this isn’t actually the case. More on that in a moment. But first, let’s go back a few hundred thousand
- [In 2024, the climate crisis worsened in all ways. But we can still limit warming with bold action](https://modernsciences.org/climate-crisis-worsened-bold-action-limit-warming-november-2025/) - Thomas Newsome, University of Sydney and William Ripple, Oregon State University Climate change has been on the world’s radar for decades. Predictions made by scientists at oil giant Exxon in the early 1980s are proving accurate. The damage done by a hotter, more chaotic world is worsening and getting more expensive. Even so, many countries
- [What AI earbuds can’t replace: The value of learning another language](https://modernsciences.org/ai-earbuds-value-learning-another-language-november-2025/) - Gabriel Guillén, Middlebury College and Thor Sawin, Middlebury College Your host in Osaka, Japan, slips on a pair of headphones and suddenly hears your words transformed into flawless Kansai Japanese. Even better, their reply in their native tongue comes through perfectly clear to you. Thanks to artificial intelligence, neither of you is lost in translation.
- [I have a stuffy nose. How do I know if it’s hay fever or a cold?](https://modernsciences.org/stuffy-nose-hay-fever-cold-distinguishing-symptoms-november-2025/) - Janet Davies, Queensland University of Technology; Joy Lee, Monash University, and Saeideh Hajighasemi, Queensland University of Technology You’ve been through winter lurgies and escaped the start of spring free of hay fever. Now you wake up with a sniffle you can’t seem to shake. How do you know if it’s hay fever, a cold, or
- [A centuries-old grid of holes in the Andes may have been a ‘spreadsheet’ for accounting and exchange](https://modernsciences.org/andes-grid-of-holes-spreadsheet-accounting-exchange-november-2025/) - Jacob L. Bongers, University of Sydney and Charles Stanish, University of South Florida In 1931, geologist Robert Shippee and US Navy Lieutenant George R. Johnson led one of the first aerial photography expeditions in South America. They captured stunning photographs of landscapes across the Andes, including some peculiar “pockmarks” in the Pisco Valley of southern
- [Mission to Mars: how space exploration pushes the human body to its limits](https://modernsciences.org/mission-to-mars-human-body-limits-space-exploration-november-2025/) - Damian Bailey, University of South Wales and Angelique Van Ombergen, University of Antwerp; European Space Agency On January 14 2004, the United States announced a new “Vision for Space Exploration”, promising that humans would not only visit space but live there. Two decades later, Nasa’s Artemis programme is preparing to return astronauts to the Moon
- [How scientists are hacking bacteria to treat cancer, self-destruct, then vanish without a trace](https://modernsciences.org/hacking-bacteria-treat-cancer-self-destruct-vanish-november-2025/) - Josephine Wright, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute and Susan Woods, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute Bacteria are rapidly emerging as a new class of “living medicines” used to kill cancer cells. We’re still a long way from a “cure” for cancer. But one day we could have programmable, self-navigating bacteria that
- [Is AI really coming for our jobs and wages? Past predictions of a ‘robot apocalypse’ offer some clues](https://modernsciences.org/ai-robots-jobs-wages-predictions-november-2025/) - Tom Coupe, University of Canterbury The robots were taking our jobs – or so we were told over a decade ago. The same warnings are regularly heard today about the likely impact of artificial intelligence (AI). Tech breakthroughs have long stirred fears of workplaces being wiped out by automation, with generative AI platforms such as
- [An innovative tool coating could improve the way products — from aerospace to medical devices — are made](https://modernsciences.org/tool-coating-aerospace-medical-devices-manufacturing-november-2025/) - Qianxi He, McGill University Have you ever wondered how airplanes, cars, oil and gas pipelines or medical devices are made? It’s not just the materials they’re composed of that’s so important, but also the high-speed machining that shapes them. Improving those processes can improve the industries that use them and the products they make. Aerospace,
- [What are climate tipping points? They sound scary, especially for ice sheets and oceans, but there’s still room for optimism](https://modernsciences.org/climate-tipping-points-ice-sheets-oceans-optimism-november-2025/) - Alexandra A Phillips, University of California, Santa Barbara As the planet warms, it risks crossing catastrophic tipping points: thresholds where Earth systems, such as ice sheets and rain forests, change irreversibly over human lifetimes. Scientists have long warned that if global temperatures warmed more than 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 Fahrenheit) compared with before the Industrial
- [The Roman empire built 300,000 kilometres of roads: new study](https://modernsciences.org/roman-empire-roads-new-study-november-2025/) - Ray Laurence, Macquarie University At its height, the Roman empire covered some 5 million square kilometres and was home to around 60 million people. This vast territory and huge population were held together via a network of long-distance roads connecting places hundreds and even thousands of kilometres apart. Compared with a modern road, a Roman
- [Is it aliens? Why that’s the least important question about interstellar objects](https://modernsciences.org/is-it-aliens-interstellar-objects-science-november-2025/) - Laura Nicole Driessen, University of Sydney On October 29, Comet 3I/ATLAS reached its closest point to the Sun. This point, known as perihelion, was around 210 million kilometres from the Sun, or 1.4 times the distance between the Sun and Earth, and it was on the opposite side of the Sun to Earth. This means
- [Why do giraffes have such long legs? Animal simulations reveal a surprising answer](https://modernsciences.org/giraffe-long-legs-evolution-energetics-november-2025/) - Roger S. Seymour, University of Adelaide and Edward Snelling, University of Pretoria If you’ve ever wondered why the giraffe has such a long neck, the answer seems clear: it lets them reach succulent leaves atop tall acacia trees in Africa. Only giraffes have direct access to those leaves, while smaller mammals must compete with one
- [Ancient Greeks and Romans knew harming the environment could change the climate](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-greeks-romans-climate-change-november-2025/) - Konstantine Panegyres, The University of Western Australia Humans have known about, thought about and worried about climate change for millennia. Since at least the fourth century BC, the ancient Greeks and Romans recognised that the climate changes over time and that human activity can cause it. They worried deeply about the impact it would have
- [How the first animals evolved – a new clue from a tiny relative](https://modernsciences.org/choanoflagellates-animal-evolution-hippo-pathway-november-2025/) - Max Telford, UCL The next time you go wild swimming, whether in a lake, river or sea, you are probably sharing the water with one of your tiniest, yet closest relatives. This near-family member is a microscopic, single-celled organism called a choanoflagellate. Scientists are still puzzled by how animals evolved from such simple beginnings. But
- [Where does human thinking end and AI begin? An AI authorship protocol aims to show the difference](https://modernsciences.org/ai-authorship-protocol-human-thinking-november-2025/) - Eli Alshanetsky, Temple University The latest generation of artificial intelligence models is sharper and smoother, producing polished text with fewer errors and hallucinations. As a philosophy professor, I have a growing fear: When a polished essay no longer shows that a student did the thinking, the grade above it becomes hollow – and so does
- [Does fasting dull your mental edge? We crunched the data for the best advice](https://modernsciences.org/fasting-mental-edge-cognition-november-2025/) - David Moreau, University of Auckland, Waipapa Taumata Rau Ever worried that skipping breakfast might leave you foggy at work? Or that intermittent fasting would make you irritable, distracted and less productive? Snack food ads warn us that “you’re not you when you’re hungry”, reinforcing a common belief that eating is essential to keep our brains
- [New images reveal the Milky Way’s stunning galactic plane in more detail than ever before](https://modernsciences.org/milky-way-radio-portrait-galactic-plane-october-2025/) - Silvia Mantovanini, Curtin University and Natasha Hurley-Walker, Curtin University The Milky Way is a rich and complex environment. We see it as a luminous line stretching across the night sky, composed of innumerable stars. But that’s just the visible light. Observing the sky in other ways, such as through radio waves, provides a much more
- [Louvre heist: the turbulent history of the stolen royal jewels](https://modernsciences.org/louvre-heist-royal-jewels-history-october-2025/) - Laura O'Brien, Northumbria University, Newcastle It sounds like the plot of a heist movie. On October 19, priceless items of jewellery and royal regalia were stolen, in broad daylight and in a matter of minutes, from the Louvre’s gilded Gallery of Apollo in Paris. The theft of these items from one of the world’s most
- [High-tech cameras capture the secrets of venomous snake bites](https://modernsciences.org/venomous-snake-bites-mechanics-october-2025/) - Alistair Evans, Monash University For more than 60 million years, venomous snakes have slithered across Earth. These ancient, chemical weapon-wielding reptiles owe their evolutionary success in part to the effectiveness of their bite, which they deliver at an astonishing speed before their prey can escape. Now, a study I coauthored reveals, in astonishing detail, exactly
- [How does a flaming piece of space junk end up on Earth? A space archaeologist explains](https://modernsciences.org/space-junk-reentry-liability-october-2025/) - Alice Gorman, Flinders University The mysterious object was on fire and lying in the middle of a remote dirt road in Western Australia’s Pilbara region when mine workers stumbled upon it. Shortly after the enigmatic item was found on October 18, Western Australia police announced that initial assessments indicated it was made of carbon fibre
- [Your gluten sensitivity might be something else entirely, new study shows](https://modernsciences.org/gluten-sensitivity-fodmaps-gut-brain-october-2025/) - Jessica Biesiekierski, The University of Melbourne Social media and lifestyle magazines have turned gluten – a protein in wheat, rye and barley – into a dietary villain. Athletes and celebrities have promoted gluten-free eating as the secret to better health and performance. But our review in The Lancet published today challenges that idea. By examining
- [How AI can improve storm surge forecasts to help save lives](https://modernsciences.org/how-ai-can-improve-storm-surge-forecasts-to-help-save-lives/) - Navid Tahvildari, Florida International University Hurricanes are America’s most destructive natural hazards, causing more deaths and property damage than any other type of disaster. Since 1980, these powerful tropical storms have done more than US$1.5 trillion in damage and killed more than 7,000 people. The No. 1 cause of the damages and deaths from hurricanes
- [Creativity is good for the brain and might even slow down its ageing – new study](https://modernsciences.org/creativity-brain-health-anti-aging-october-2025/) - Carlos Coronel, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez and Agustín Ibáñez, Trinity College Creative experience might enhance brain health, which could slow down the brain’s ageing. That’s according to a study by a group of international scientists across 13 countries. They found that creative activities, like dance classes – the tango proved particularly effective – or art classes
- [What are climate tipping points? They sound scary, especially for ice sheets and oceans, but there’s still room for optimism](https://modernsciences.org/climate-tipping-points-ice-sheets-oceans-optimism-october-2025/) - Alexandra A Phillips, University of California, Santa Barbara As the planet warms, it risks crossing catastrophic tipping points: thresholds where Earth systems, such as ice sheets and rain forests, change irreversibly over human lifetimes. Scientists have long warned that if global temperatures warmed more than 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 Fahrenheit) compared with before the Industrial
- [COVID-19 mRNA vaccines could unlock the next revolution in cancer treatment – new research](https://modernsciences.org/covid-mrna-vaccines-unlock-cancer-treatment-revolution-october-2025/) - Adam Grippin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Christiano Marconi, University of Florida The COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines that saved 2.5 million lives globally during the pandemic could help spark the immune system to fight cancer. This is the surprising takeaway of a new study that we and our colleagues published in the
- [A flexible lens controlled by light-activated artificial muscles promises to let soft machines see](https://modernsciences.org/flexible-light-activated-soft-lens-artificial-muscles-robot-vision-october-2025/) - Corey Zheng, Georgia Institute of Technology and Shu Jia, Georgia Institute of Technology Inspired by the human eye, our biomedical engineering lab at Georgia Tech has designed an adaptive lens made of soft, light-responsive, tissuelike materials. Adjustable camera systems usually require a set of bulky, moving, solid lenses and a pupil in front of a
- [The great wildebeest migration, seen from space: satellites and AI are helping count Africa’s wildlife](https://modernsciences.org/wildebeest-migration-satellite-ai-count-africa-wildlife-october-2025/) - Isla C. Duporge, Princeton University The Great Wildebeest Migration is one of the most remarkable natural spectacles on Earth. Each year, immense herds of wildebeest, joined by zebras and gazelles, travel 800-1,000km between Tanzania and Kenya in search of fresh grazing after the rains. This vast, circular journey is the engine of the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem.
- [Dinosaur ‘mummies’ help scientists visualize the fleshy details of these ancient animals](https://modernsciences.org/dinosaur-mummies-fleshy-details-duckbill-lance-formation-october-2025/) - Paul C. Sereno, University of Chicago Dinosaur “mummies” couldn’t have been further from my mind as I trudged up a grassy knoll on the Zerbst Ranch in east-central Wyoming, followed by University of Chicago undergraduates on a field trip linked to my “Dinosaur Science” course. As a university professor, I realized early that to understand
- [Wolves have returned to Denmark, and not everyone is happy about it](https://modernsciences.org/wolf-return-denmark-conservation-political-polarization-october-2025/) - Kristian Kongshøj, Aalborg University and Troels Fage Hedegaard, Aalborg University After centuries of near-extinction, Europe’s wolves have made a remarkable comeback. Over the past decade, wolf populations have surged, increasing by nearly 60%. In 2022, more than 21,500 wolves were recorded across the continent. Countries that have long been wolf-free are now home to thriving
- [Worried about turning 60? Science says that’s when many of us actually peak](https://modernsciences.org/psychological-functioning-peaks-age-60-leadership-midlife-october-2025/) - Gilles E. Gignac, The University of Western Australia As your youth fades further into the past, you may start to fear growing older. But research my colleague and I have recently published in the journal Intelligence shows there’s also very good reason to be excited: for many of us, overall psychological functioning actually peaks between
- [Space exploration in the backyard, on a budget – how NASA simulates conditions in space without blasting off](https://modernsciences.org/nasa-space-exploration-analog-missions-crew-psychology-october-2025/) - Jordan Bretzfelder, Georgia Institute of Technology Humanity’s drive to explore has taken us across the solar system, with astronaut boots, various landers and rovers’ wheels exploring the surfaces of several different planetary bodies. These environments are generally hostile to human and equipment health, so designing and executing these missions requires a lot of planning, testing
- [How a 400,000-year-old elephant skeleton solved a tantalising puzzle of early human behaviour](https://modernsciences.org/400000-year-old-elephant-skeleton-solves-neanderthal-behavior-october-2025/) - Gerrit Dusseldorp, Leiden University One spring, after a long winter, an aged elephant lay dying at the bank of a small stream near the coast of what is now northern Italy. Soon after, some scavengers arrived to dine on this huge stockpile of food. Over 400,000 years later, building activities at Casal Lumbroso on the
- [‘Space tornadoes’ could cause geomagnetic storms – but these phenomena, spun off ejections from the Sun, aren’t easy to study](https://modernsciences.org/space-tornadoes-magnetic-flux-ropes-geomagnetic-storms-october-2025/) - Mojtaba Akhavan-Tafti, University of Michigan and Ward B. (Chip) Manchester, University of Michigan Weather forecasting is a powerful tool. During hurricane season, for instance, meteorologists create computer simulations to forecast how these destructive storms form and where they might travel, which helps prevent damage to coastal communities. When you’re trying to forecast space weather, rather
- [The climate crisis is fuelling extreme fires across the planet](https://modernsciences.org/climate-crisis-fuelling-extreme-wildfires-global-emissions-october-2025-2/) - Hamish Clarke, The University of Melbourne We’ve all seen the alarming images. Smoke belching from the thick forests of the Amazon. Spanish firefighters battling flames across farmland. Blackened celebrity homes in Los Angeles and smoked out regional towns in Australia. If you felt like wildfires and their impacts were more extreme in the past year
- [AI-generated lesson plans fall short on inspiring students and promoting critical thinking](https://modernsciences.org/ai-lesson-plans-critical-thinking-multicultural-content-october-2025/) - Torrey Trust, UMass Amherst and Robert Maloy, University of Massachusetts When teachers rely on commonly used artificial intelligence chatbots to devise lesson plans, it does not result in more engaging, immersive or effective learning experiences compared with existing techniques, we found in our recent study. The AI-generated civics lesson plans we analyzed also left out
- [Black hats, cauldrons and broomsticks: the historic origins of witch iconography](https://modernsciences.org/historic-origins-witch-iconography-familiars-cauldrons-october-2025/) - Mari Ellis Dunning, Aberystwyth University Whether they’re knocking at your door trick or treating, or hung as decorations in shop windows, witches are rife at this time of year. They’re easy to recognise, wearing tall, pointed hats, carrying broomsticks, or peering into a cauldron – but where did these stereotypes associated with witches come from?
- [The climate crisis is fuelling extreme fires across the planet](https://modernsciences.org/climate-crisis-fuelling-extreme-wildfires-global-emissions-october-2025/) - Hamish Clarke, The University of Melbourne We’ve all seen the alarming images. Smoke belching from the thick forests of the Amazon. Spanish firefighters battling flames across farmland. Blackened celebrity homes in Los Angeles and smoked out regional towns in Australia. If you felt like wildfires and their impacts were more extreme in the past year
- [Joint pain or osteoarthritis? Why exercise should be your first line of treatment](https://modernsciences.org/osteoarthritis-exercise-first-line-treatment-joint-pain-recovery-october-2025/) - Clodagh Toomey, University of Limerick Stiff knees, aching hips and the slow grind of chronic joint pain are often accepted as an unavoidable part of getting older. But while osteoarthritis is the world’s most common joint disease, experts say the way we treat and prevent it is badly out of step with the evidence. The
- [How does the world look through a spider’s eyes?](https://modernsciences.org/spider-eyes-vision-hunting-strategies-nocturnal-sight-october-2025/) - Christopher Terrell Nield, Nottingham Trent University It’s a quiet autumn evening. You’re enjoying some TV, when an unscripted movement catches your eye. A large house spider (Tegenaria domestica) is striding across the rug towards you. You make a sudden movement. The spider freezes. You reach for a paper to shoo it away, look back and
- [What are solar storms and the solar wind? 3 astrophysicists explain how particles coming from the Sun interact with Earth](https://modernsciences.org/solar-storms-solar-wind-coronal-mass-ejections-magnetosphere-october-2025/) - Yeimy J. Rivera, Smithsonian Institution; Rosa Tatiana Niembro Hernández, Smithsonian Institution, and Samuel Badman, Smithsonian Institution Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to curiouskidsus@theconversation.com. What is meant by solar storm and solar wind? – Nihal, age 11, Amalapuram,
- [We tested if a specialised magnetic powder could remove microplastics from drinking water: the answer is yes](https://modernsciences.org/magnetic-powder-microplastics-removal-drinking-water-nanocomposites-october-2025/) - Riona Indhur, Durban University of Technology and Sheena Kumari, Durban University of Technology Microplastics are the crumbs of our plastic world, tiny pieces that come from bigger items breaking apart or from products like synthetic clothing and packaging. They’re now everywhere. Scientists estimate there are about 51 trillion of these particles floating in the world’s
- [Virtual particles: How physicists’ clever bookkeeping trick could underlie reality](https://modernsciences.org/virtual-particles-quantum-reality-feynman-diagrams-october-2025/) - Dipangkar Dutta, Mississippi State University A clever mathematical tool known as virtual particles unlocks the strange and mysterious inner workings of subatomic particles. What happens to these particles within atoms would stay unexplained without this tool. The calculations using virtual particles predict the bizarre behavior of subatomic particles with such uncanny accuracy that some scientists
- [AI tools promise efficiency at work, but they can erode trust, creativity and agency](https://modernsciences.org/ai-workplace-trust-creativity-automation-bias-october-2025/) - Jordan Loewen-Colón, Queen's University, Ontario and Mel Sellick, Arizona State University What if your biggest competitive asset is not how fast AI helps you work, but how well you question what it produces? Business leaders tend to prioritize efficiency and compliance in the workplace. It’s one of the reasons why so many are drawn toward
- [Geothermal energy has huge potential to generate clean power – including from used oil and gas wells](https://modernsciences.org/geothermal-clean-power-abandoned-wells-egs-potential-october-2025/) - Moones Alamooti, University of North Dakota As energy use rises and the planet warms, you might have dreamed of an energy source that works 24/7, rain or shine, quietly powering homes, industries and even entire cities without the ups and downs of solar or wind – and with little contribution to climate change. The promise
- [3 scientists win Nobel for 'molecular architecture'](https://modernsciences.org/nobel-prize-chemistry-metal-organic-frameworks-october-2025/) - Three scientists have been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing metal-organic frameworks, highly versatile materials with applications ranging from carbon capture to clean water.
- [Trio wins physics Nobel for quantum 'tunneling' in a circuit](https://modernsciences.org/physics-nobel-quantum-tunneling-october-2025/) - A trio of physicists won the 2025 Nobel Prize for revealing macroscopic quantum tunneling and energy quantization in a superconducting electrical circuit, thereby paving the way for the development of quantum technologies.
- [Nobel Prize honors discovery of regulatory T cells](https://modernsciences.org/nobel-prize-regulatory-t-cells-foxp3-october-2025/) - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded for the discovery of regulatory T cells and the FOXP3 gene, revolutionizing our understanding of immune tolerance.
- [Could life exist on Mars today? Here’s what the latest evidence says](https://modernsciences.org/martian-life-subsurface-analogs-evidence-october-2025/) - Seán Jordan, Dublin City University and Devyani Jambhule Recently, Nasa revealed exciting details of new findings from Mars. Scientists have discovered tiny patterns of unusual minerals in the clay-rich rocks on the edge of Jezero Crater – an ancient lake once fed by Martian river systems, and the exploration site of the Nasa Perseverance Rover.
- [Poor sleep may make your brain age faster – new study](https://modernsciences.org/poor-sleep-accelerated-brain-aging-inflammation-risk-october-2025/) - Abigail Dove, Karolinska Institutet We spend nearly a third of our lives asleep, yet sleep is anything but wasted time. Far from being passive downtime, it is an active and essential process that helps restore the body and protect the brain. When sleep is disrupted, the brain feels the consequences – sometimes in subtle ways
- [Why coral reefs damaged by blast fishing struggle to recover — even after decades](https://modernsciences.org/blast-fishing-coral-reefs-rubble-recovery-indonesia-october-2025/) - Satrio Hani Samudra, UCL and Tries Blandine Razak, IPB University When we think about rapid decline in coral reefs, climate change often first that comes to mind — bringing heatwaves, bleaching events, and intensified cyclones. But in parts of Indonesia, an old, lasting wound still lingers beneath the waves — inflicted not just by warming
- [Jane Goodall, the gentle disrupter whose research on chimpanzees redefined what it meant to be human](https://modernsciences.org/jane-goodall-chimpanzee-tool-use-human-redefined-october-2025/) - Mireya Mayor, Florida International University Anyone proposing to offer a master class on changing the world for the better, without becoming negative, cynical, angry or narrow-minded in the process, could model their advice on the life and work of pioneering animal behavior scholar Jane Goodall. Goodall’s life journey stretches from marveling at the somewhat unremarkable
- [How to discover a planet](https://modernsciences.org/exoplanet-discovery-radial-velocity-earth-twin-october-2025/) - Christopher Watson, Queen's University Belfast and Annelies Mortier, University of Birmingham On October 6 1995, at a scientific meeting in Florence, Italy, two Swiss astronomers made an announcement that would transform our understanding of the universe beyond our solar system. Michel Mayor and his PhD student Didier Queloz, working at the University of Geneva, announced
- [Plants are incredibly sensitive – what we learned about their response system could help protect humans](https://modernsciences.org/plant-sensitivity-sumoylation-sce1-protein-resilience-october-2025/) - Miguel de Lucas, Durham University At first glance, plants may seem passive – but beneath their stillness lies a world of complexity and constant activity. Plants are highly sensitive to their surroundings, continuously monitoring environmental signals to adapt and survive. Think of them as nature’s nosy neighbours, always alert to what’s happening around them. From
- [Biosphere 2’s latest mission: Learning how life first emerged on Earth – and how to make barren worlds habitable](https://modernsciences.org/biosphere2-life-terraforming-mars-evolution-october-2025/) - Scott Saleska, University of Arizona; Chris Impey, University of Arizona, and Ghiwa Makke, University of Arizona From a distance, Biosphere 2 emerges from the cacti and creosote of the Sonoran desert like a gleaming oasis, a colony of glass and bright white structures. Despite being just outside Tucson, Arizona, it looks almost like a colony
- [Waiting isn’t a bad thing — it can actually boost your wellbeing](https://modernsciences.org/waiting-self-control-wellbeing-positive-psychology-october-2025/) - Ayse Burcin Baskurt, University of East London Waiting can be boring, which is why we typically do anything we can to avoid it. We fill moments where we have to wait with something to keep our minds busy – such as scrolling on social media, reading the news or listening to a podcast. But waiting
- [How safe is your face? The pros and cons of having facial recognition everywhere](https://modernsciences.org/facial-recognition-privacy-risks-regulation-data-safety-october-2025/) - Joanne Orlando, Western Sydney University Walk into a shop, board a plane, log into your bank, or scroll through your social media feed, and chances are you might be asked to scan your face. Facial recognition and other kinds of face-based biometric technology are becoming an increasingly common form of identification. The technology is promoted
- [Hindi, Greek and English all come from a single ancient language – here’s how we know](https://modernsciences.org/hindi-greek-english-proto-indo-european-ancient-language-october-2025/) - Mark W. Post, University of Sydney If you have studied almost any European language, you will have noticed words that felt oddly familiar. French mort (dead) recalls English murder. German Hund (dog) is a dead ringer for hound. Czech sestra resembles English sister. No prizes for guessing the meaning of Albanian kau (OK, well –
- [Bacteria attached to charcoal could help keep an infamous ‘forever chemical’ out of waterways](https://modernsciences.org/bacteria-charcoal-forever-chemical-pcb-waterways-october-2025/) - David Ramotowski, University of Iowa Polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, a class of fire-resistant industrial chemicals, were widely used in electrical transformers, oils, paints and even building materials throughout the 20th century. However, once scientists learned PCBs were accumulating in the environment and posed a cancer risk to humans, new PCB production was banned in the
- [12,000-year-old rock art marked ancient water sources in Arabia’s desert](https://modernsciences.org/arabia-rock-art-ancient-water-sources-nefud-desert-october-2025/) - Maria Guagnin, University of Sydney; Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology; Ceri Shipton, UCL; Frans van Buchem, and Michael Petraglia, Griffith University About 12,000 years ago, high up on a cliff in the desert of northern Arabia, an artist – or perhaps artists – was hard at work. Standing on a narrow ledge and with primitive
- [2 newly launched NASA missions will help scientists understand the influence of the Sun, both from up close and afar](https://modernsciences.org/nasa-heliophysics-imap-carruthers-solar-influence-october-2025/) - Ryan French, University of Colorado Boulder Even at a distance of 93 million miles (150 million kilometers) away, activity on the Sun can have adverse effects on technological systems on Earth. Solar flares – intense bursts of energy in the Sun’s atmosphere – and coronal mass ejections – eruptions of plasma from the Sun –
- [We teach young people to write. In the age of AI, we must teach them how to see](https://modernsciences.org/ai-literacy-multimodal-skills-visual-authenticity-october-2025/) - T.J. Thomson, RMIT University; Daniel Pfurtscheller, University of Innsbruck; Katharina Christ, National Institute for Science Communication; Katharina Lobinger, Università della Svizzera italiana, and Nataliia Laba, University of Groningen From the earliest year of school, children begin learning how to express ideas in different ways. Lines across a page, a wobbly letter, or a simple drawing
- [How alcohol contributes to the epidemic of liver disease](https://modernsciences.org/alcohol-liver-disease-masld-hepatitis-c-public-health-october-2025/) - Timothy Naimi, University of Victoria Research has revealed a steep increase in liver disease in recent years. Meanwhile, there is growing evidence of health harms from alcohol, including drinking at levels that were previously considered “moderate.” These developments make a persuasive case for viewing alcohol consumption from a public health perspective. As an internal medicine
- [The ancestors of ostriches and emus were long-distance fliers – here’s how we worked this out](https://modernsciences.org/ancestors-ostriches-emus-long-distance-fliers-october-2025/) - Klara Widrig, Smithsonian Institution Aside from being a delight to watch, flight in birds is regarded by many cultures as a symbol of freedom, and a source of inspiration for humans to build our own flying machines. This makes those birds that have given up flight for a land-based way of life seem all the
- [For birds, flocks promise safety – especially if you’re faster than your neighbor](https://modernsciences.org/bird-flocks-safety-social-behavior-predation-october-2025/) - Joan Strassmann, Washington University in St. Louis As I walked along Bolivar Flats, just across from Galveston Island in Texas, I watched flocks of sanderlings forage along the frothy wavefront as it surged and retreated. Nearby, Caspian terns, American avocets, and black skimmers rested on the beach, each in its own group. The birds rose
- [100 years before quantum mechanics, one scientist glimpsed a link between light and matter](https://modernsciences.org/hamilton-mechanics-quantum-foundations-schrodinger-equation-october-2025/) - Robyn Arianrhod, Monash University The Irish mathematician and physicist William Rowan Hamilton, who was born 220 years ago last month, is famous for carving some mathematical graffiti into Dublin’s Broome Bridge in 1843. But in his lifetime, Hamilton’s reputation rested on work done in the 1820s and early 1830s, when he was still in his
- [The thousand-year story of how the fork crossed Europe, and onto your plate today](https://modernsciences.org/history-table-fork-europe-cultural-etiquette-october-2025/) - Darius von Guttner Sporzynski, Australian Catholic University In today’s world, we barely think about picking up a fork. It is part of a standard cutlery set, as essential as the plate itself. But not that long ago, this now-ordinary utensil was viewed with suspicion, derision and even moral outrage. It took centuries, royal marriages and
- [Paracetamol use during pregnancy not linked to autism, our study of 2.5 million children shows](https://modernsciences.org/acetaminophen-paracetamol-pregnancy-not-linked-autism-october-2025/) - Renee Gardner, Karolinska Institutet; Brian Lee, Drexel University, and Viktor H. Ahlqvist, Karolinska Institutet United States President Donald Trump recently claimed that using the common painkiller acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol and by the brand name Tylenol in the US) during pregnancy is fuelling the rise in autism diagnoses. He then went on to suggest
- [Scams and frauds: Here are the tactics criminals use on you in the age of AI and cryptocurrencies](https://modernsciences.org/ai-crypto-deepfake-scams-fraud-protection-september-2025/) - Rahul Telang, Carnegie Mellon University Scams are nothing new – fraud has existed as long as human greed. What changes are the tools. Scammers thrive on exploiting vulnerable, uninformed users, and they adapt to whatever technologies or trends dominate the moment. In 2025, that means AI, cryptocurrencies and stolen personal data are their weapons of
- [A new twist on Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle can sharpen quantum sensors](https://modernsciences.org/new-heisenbergs-principle-quantum-sensors-september-2025/) - Tingrei Tan, University of Sydney and Christophe Valahu, University of Sydney For almost a century, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle has stood as one of the defining ideas of quantum physics: a particle’s position and momentum cannot be known at the same time with absolute precision. The more you know about one, the less you know about
- [Why slugs are so hard to control – and how scientists are working to keep them in check](https://modernsciences.org/slugs-control-strategies-stable-patches-september-2025/) - Sergei Petrovskii, University of Leicester; Keith Walters, Harper Adams University, and Natalia Petrovskaya, University of Birmingham Almost everyone who has a garden knows what a nuisance slugs can be. They are also one of the most destructive crop pests in the UK. Studies show that yields of many major crops, such as wheat, are severely
- [What a newly discovered gas bridge between galaxies tells us about the cosmic cycle of matter](https://modernsciences.org/gas-bridge-galaxies-cosmic-matter-cycle-september-2025/) - Lister Staveley-Smith, The University of Western Australia Most of the ordinary matter in the universe is hydrogen. But surprisingly, less than 20% of this hydrogen sits inside galaxies. The rest lies in the vast spaces between them – the so-called intergalactic medium. This cosmic reservoir is thought to fuel the birth of new stars, as
- [Why can’t we feel the Earth moving?](https://modernsciences.org/why-we-cant-feel-the-earth-moving-september-2025/) - Nilakshi Veerabathina, University of Texas at Arlington Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. Why can’t we feel the Earth moving? – Dave H., age 12, Atlanta Right now, you’re zooming through space at incredible speeds. As
- [The Moon is getting slightly farther away from the Earth each year − a physicist explains why](https://modernsciences.org/moon-getting-farther-away-tidal-forces-september-2025/) - Stephen DiKerby, Michigan State University Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. Is the Moon getting farther away from Earth? – Judah, 9, Broken Arrow, Oklahoma The Moon is getting 1½ inches (3.8 centimeters) farther away from
- [Ebony and ivory: why elephants and forests rise and fall together in the Congo Basin](https://modernsciences.org/elephants-forest-health-congo-basin-september-2025/) - Matthew Scott Luskin, The University of Queensland The forest elephants of the Congo Basin are critically endangered and face extinction. They live in Africa’s largest forest, extending over the continent’s west and central regions. Large populations are found in Gabon and the Republic of Congo and smaller groups in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the
- [New entanglement breakthrough links cores of atoms, brings quantum computers closer](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-entanglement-atomic-nuclei-breakthrough-september-2025/) - Andrea Morello, UNSW Sydney Quantum entanglement — once dismissed by Albert Einstein as “spooky action at a distance” — has long captured the public imagination and puzzled even seasoned scientists. But for today’s quantum practitioners, the reality is rather more mundane: entanglement is a kind of connection between particles that is the quintessential feature of
- [Is it OK to sit on public toilet seats?](https://modernsciences.org/public-toilet-seats-hygiene-safety-september-2025/) - Lotti Tajouri, Bond University If you’re a parent or have a chronic health condition that needs quick or frequent trips to the bathroom, you’ve probably mapped out the half-decent public toilets in your area. But sometimes, you don’t have a choice and have to use a toilet that looks like it hasn’t been cleaned in
- [12,000-year-old smoked mummies reveal world’s earliest evidence of human mummification](https://modernsciences.org/12000-year-old-smoked-mummies-earliest-human-mummification-september-2025/) - 12,000-year-old smoked mummies reveal world’s earliest evidence of human mummification Hsiao-chun Hung, Australian National University Smoke-drying mummification of human remains was practised by hunter-gatherers across southern China, southeast Asia and beyond as far back as 12,000 years ago, my colleagues and I report in new research published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of
- [Volcanoes can help us untangle the evolution of humans – here’s how](https://modernsciences.org/volcanoes-can-help-us-untangle-the-evolution-of-humans-heres-how/) - Saini Samim, The University of Melbourne and Hayden Dalton, The University of Melbourne How did humans become human? Understanding when, where and in what environmental conditions our early ancestors lived is central to solving the puzzle of human evolution. Unfortunately, pinning down a timeline of early human evolution has long been difficult – but ancient
- [A massive eruption 74,000 years ago affected the whole planet – archaeologists use volcanic glass to figure out how people survived](https://modernsciences.org/toba-supereruption-volcanic-glass-how-people-survived-september-2025/) - Jayde N. Hirniak, Arizona State University If you were lucky 74,000 years ago, you would have survived the Toba supereruption, one of the largest catastrophic events that Earth has seen in the past 2.5 million years. While the volcano is located in what’s now Indonesia, living organisms across the entire globe were potentially affected. As
- [Blue, green, brown, or something in between – the science of eye colour explained](https://modernsciences.org/blue-green-brown-science-of-eye-color-explained-september-2025/) - Davinia Beaver, Bond University You’re introduced to someone and your attention catches on their eyes. They might be a rich, earthy brown, a pale blue, or the rare green that shifts with every flicker of light. Eyes have a way of holding us, of sparking recognition or curiosity before a single word is spoken. They
- [Uncovering the Uncomfortable Truths of Pompeii](https://modernsciences.org/pompeii-roman-empire-daily-life-september-2025/) - A guided tour of Pompeii uncovers not only the ingenious engineering of the Roman Empire but also its sobering realities of exploitation and death, captured forever in volcanic ash.
- [The Surprisingly Complex Science of Urinals](https://modernsciences.org/urinal-science-splashback-september-2025/) - Researchers are using fluid dynamics and "anatomically accurate nozzles" to design a splash-free urinal scientifically.
- [Why 90% of Fossils Are Missing](https://modernsciences.org/fossil-record-preservation-bias-september-2025/) - Scientists are piecing together the past by understanding the fossils that are not there as much as the ones that are.
- [The Pandemic Habits That Are Still With Us](https://modernsciences.org/pandemic-habits-post-pandemic-trends-september-2025/) - Four years after the global lockdowns, data reveals which pandemic-era habits—from reckless driving and increased social media use to alarming health trends—have become a permanent fixture of our "new normal" and which have faded away.
- [New cement cools buildings 5.4°C, may cut AC costs](https://modernsciences.org/supercool-cement-passive-cooling-september-2025/) - Researchers developed a new 'supercool' cement that passively cools buildings by reflecting sunlight and emitting heat, potentially making the high-emission cement industry carbon-negative over its lifespan.
- [New 30-year data shows ocean mass drives sea level rise](https://modernsciences.org/sea-level-rise-ocean-mass-satellite-data-september-2025/) - A new 30-year analysis of satellite data confirms that increasing ocean mass from melting land ice is the primary driver of global sea level rise.
- [Scientists say 7 senses may be optimal for memory](https://modernsciences.org/seven-senses-optimal-memory-ai-september-2025/) - A new mathematical model of memory suggests that seven senses, not five, may be the optimal number for maximizing learning and knowledge retention, with significant implications for AI.
- [Electric pulses reprogram immune cells, study finds](https://modernsciences.org/electrical-stimulation-immune-cells-tissue-repair-september-2025/) - Researchers have discovered that applying electrical currents to human macrophages can induce them to shift into an anti-inflammatory state, thereby enhancing their ability to promote tissue repair and regeneration.
- [New EV battery charges in 12 min, offers 800 km range](https://modernsciences.org/ev-battery-fast-charging-dendrite-september-2025/) - A novel liquid electrolyte that suppresses dendrite growth has enabled a breakthrough in lithium-metal batteries, promising electric vehicles a 12-minute fast charge and an 800 km range.
- [3 new snailfish species found in Pacific abyss](https://modernsciences.org/new-species-deep-sea-snailfish-september-2025/) - Researchers using deep-sea technology have discovered three new species of snailfish, including the unique pink 'bumpy snailfish,' living on the abyssal plains off the California coast.
- [Glutathione fuels breast cancer's deadly spread](https://modernsciences.org/breast-cancer-glutathione-metastasis-september-2025/) - New research reveals how the mitochondrial metabolite glutathione, imported by the transporter SLC25A39, is essential for breast cancer cells to metastasize and colonize new organs.
- [New MoS₂ neuron mimics human eye's light adaptation](https://modernsciences.org/artificial-neuron-mos2-light-adaptation-september-2025/) - Scientists have created a new brain-inspired neuron using ultrathin molybdenum disulfide that successfully mimics the human eye’s ability to adapt to light, paving the way for more efficient AI.
- [The legend of Troy explained](https://modernsciences.org/legend-of-troy-explained-september-2025/) - Marguerite Johnson, The University of Queensland The Trojan War is a legend that sprang from a distant memory of a real Greek incursion into the Bronze Age city of Troy (in modern day Türkiye). This may have taken the form of annual piracy raids and/or encounters based on control of the Aegean Sea. These real
- [Deadlier than varroa, a new honey-bee parasite is spreading around the world](https://modernsciences.org/new-honey-bee-parasite-tropilaelaps-spreading-globally-september-2025/) - Jean-Pierre Scheerlinck, The University of Melbourne For decades, beekeepers have fought a tiny parasite called Varroa destructor, which has devastated honey-bee colonies around the world. But an even deadlier mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae – or “tropi” – is on the march. Beekeepers fear it will wreak even greater havoc than varroa – and the ripple effects
- [New type of ‘sieve’ detects the smallest pieces of plastic in the environment more easily than ever before](https://modernsciences.org/new-sieve-detects-smallest-plastic-environment-september-2025/) - Shaban Sulejman, The University of Melbourne Plastic pollution is everywhere: in rivers and oceans, in the air and the mountains, even in our blood and vital organs. Most of the public attention has focused on the dangers of microplastics. These are fragments smaller than 5 millimetres. But an even smaller class of fragments, nanoplastics, may
- [Two seventh-century people found with west African ancestry – a story of diversity and integration in early Anglo-Saxon society](https://modernsciences.org/seventh-century-west-african-ancestry-anglo-saxon-society-september-2025/) - Duncan Sayer, University of Lancashire In 2022, archaeologists worked on the ancient DNA from a number of early medieval cemeteries, and found two individuals that stood out. One was from Updown Eastry in Kent, known as Updown girl, and the other was a young man from Worth Matravers in Dorset. Both were dated to the
- [Climate action can feel slow – but the fastest energy leap in history has begun](https://modernsciences.org/climate-action-fastest-energy-leap-history-september-2025/) - Peter Newman, Curtin University and Ray Wills, The University of Western Australia It’s increasingly common to hear from experts and the general public that the global shift away from fossil fuels is glacially slow, or even nonexistent. As the view goes, the meteoric rise of clean energy is only supplementing fossil fuels rather than pushing
- [Where does your glass come from?](https://modernsciences.org/where-does-glass-come-from-sustainability-september-2025/) - Aki Ishida, Washington University in St. Louis The word “local” has become synonymous with sustainability, whether it’s food, clothes or the materials used to construct buildings. But while consumers can probably go to a local lumberyard to buy lumber from sustainably grown trees cut at nearby sawmills, no one asks for local glass. If they
- [My knee is clicking. Should I be worried? Am I getting arthritis?](https://modernsciences.org/knee-clicking-worried-arthritis-september-2025/) - Jamon Couch, La Trobe University and Adam Culvenor, La Trobe University It’s a quiet morning. You lace up your shoes, step outside and begin a brisk morning stroll. But as you take those first few steps, there it is, a faint grinding noise, almost like the crunch of gravel underfoot, except … the sound is
- [Social media is teaching children how to use AI. How can teachers keep up?](https://modernsciences.org/social-media-teaches-children-ai-how-teachers-keep-up-september-2025/) - Johanathan Woodworth, Mount Saint Vincent University Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping how students write essays, practise languages and complete assignments. Teachers are also experimenting with AI for lesson planning, grading and feedback. The pace is so fast that schools, universities and policymakers are struggling to keep up. What often gets overlooked in this rush is
- [10 years ago, gravitational waves changed astronomy. A new discovery shows there’s more to come](https://modernsciences.org/gravitational-waves-10-year-anniversary-new-discovery-september-2025/) - Simon Stevenson, Swinburne University of Technology Ten years ago, scientists heard the universe rumble for the first time. That first discovery of gravitational waves proved a key prediction from Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity and began a new era of astronomy. Now, a new gravitational-wave discovery marks the anniversary of this major breakthrough. Published
- [Camera traps confirm rare otters in India sanctuary](https://modernsciences.org/smooth-coated-otters-nandhaur-sanctuary-september-2025/) - Researchers using camera traps have captured the first-ever photographic evidence of protected smooth-coated otters in India’s Nandhaur Wildlife Sanctuary, prompting calls for expanded conservation studies.
- [NASA's rover finds potential sign of life on Mars](https://modernsciences.org/nasa-perseverance-life-on-mars-september-2025/) - NASA’s Perseverance rover has discovered potential biosignatures in a Martian rock sample, indicating the presence of iron-rich minerals and organic carbon, which suggests a past habitable environment that may have been sustained by microbial life.
- [Sharks now roam the open ocean. But for 200 million years, they only lived near the sea floor](https://modernsciences.org/sharks-roam-open-ocean-but-lived-on-sea-floor-september-2025/) - Joel Gayford, James Cook University When you picture a shark, you probably think of a large, powerful predator cruising the open ocean. Species such as the great white shark, tiger shark and bull shark dominate popular media, with stories of rare and isolated cases of attacks on humans (such as the tragic death of surfer
- [Our understanding of lightning has been driven by fear and shaped by curiosity](https://modernsciences.org/understanding-lightning-fear-curiosity-september-2025/) - Peter Watson, Carleton University Playwright Tom Stoppard, in Rosencrantz and Guildernstern are Dead, provides one of the best definitions of science: “The scientific approach to the examination of phenomena is a defence against the pure emotion of fear.” Nowhere is this more true than in the study of electricity in the wild; namely, lightning. Primitive
- [High-tech plans to save polar ice will fail, new research finds](https://modernsciences.org/high-tech-plans-save-polar-ice-fail-september-2025/) - Steven Chown, Monash University Our planet continues to warm because of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. The polar regions are especially vulnerable to this warming. Sea ice extent is already declining in both the Arctic and Antarctic. The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are melting, and abrupt changes in both polar environments are underway.
- [A rocky planet in its star’s ‘habitable zone’ could be the first known to have an atmosphere – here’s what we found](https://modernsciences.org/rocky-planet-habitable-zone-atmosphere-jwst-september-2025/) - Hannah Wakeford, University of Bristol and Ryan MacDonald, University of St Andrews New research using Nasa’s powerful JWST telescope has identified a planet 41 light years away which may have an atmosphere. The planet is within the “habitable zone”, the region around a star where temperatures make it possible for liquid water to exist on
- [The Viewpoint: Next generation computer chips could process data at the speed of light – new research](https://modernsciences.org/photonic-computing-next-gen-processors-optical-ai-hardware-acceleration-viewpoint-october-2025/) - Recent breakthroughs in photonic computing are overcoming longstanding hurdles, paving the way for next-generation processors that can handle complex AI tasks at the speed of light.
- [The Viewpoint: New research casts doubt on ‘impossible’ signals from Antarctica](https://modernsciences.org/research-doubts-impossible-antarctica-signals-viewpoint-september-2025/) - After a dedicated search found no evidence of exotic particles traveling through the planet, the mystery of Antarctica's "impossible" signals only deepens.
- [The Viewpoint: Study Finds Nanoplastics Can Absorb Toxic Metals, Increasing Health Risks](https://modernsciences.org/nanoplastics-absorb-toxic-metals-health-risks-viewpoint-september-2025/) - New research shows that nanoplastics can absorb toxic metals like lead, raising concerns that these tiny particles may carry harmful substances deeper into the human body.
- [The Viewpoint: Scientists discover ‘hemifusome,’ a new cellular structure key to cell health](https://modernsciences.org/hemifusome-new-organelle-cellular-transport-viewpoint-september-2025/) - The discovery of a new cellular organelle, the "hemifusome," is reshaping our understanding of how cells manage internal cargo and could offer new insights into devastating genetic disorders.
- [Trying to Build Norway's Failed Osmosis Power Plant](https://modernsciences.org/osmotic-power-norway-plant-september-2025/) - A DIY scientist attempts to replicate a failed Norwegian power plant by building his own osmotic generator to see if energy can truly be harvested by mixing salt and fresh water.
- [Designing a "Keep Out" Sign to Last 10,000 Years](https://modernsciences.org/nuclear-waste-10000-year-warning-september-2025/) - The proposed warning reads, "This is not a place of honor… What is here is dangerous and repulsive to us… The danger is still present, in your time, as it was in ours."
- [The Perfect Physics Behind Nature's Hexagonal Columns](https://modernsciences.org/giants-causeway-basalt-columns-physics-september-2025/)
- [The Corporation That Pitted Farmer Against Farmer](https://modernsciences.org/monsanto-roundup-lawsuits-september-2025/) - An investigation into Monsanto reveals how the agricultural giant used aggressive legal tactics, ghostwritten science, and a culture of fear to build a monopoly around its controversial herbicide, Roundup, culminating in thousands of cancer lawsuits.
- [New study: Common ice generates electricity when bent](https://modernsciences.org/ice-flexoelectricity-lightning-september-2025/) - Researchers have discovered that common ice can generate electricity when bent, a finding that could finally explain the origin of lightning and inspire the development of new electronic devices.
- [New drug ION224 shows promise against MASH liver disease](https://modernsciences.org/ion224-mash-liver-disease-september-2025/) - An experimental drug called ION224 has been found to dramatically improve liver health in MASH patients by inhibiting a key fat-producing enzyme, according to a new clinical trial.
- [Meta's 2-mm laser display may transform AR glasses](https://modernsciences.org/meta-laser-display-augmented-reality-september-2025/) - Meta’s new flat-panel laser display uses a photonic integrated circuit to achieve an ultra-thin design, paving the way for lighter AR glasses and higher-quality screens on all devices.
- [Review: Human pollution fuels record Sargassum seaweed blooms](https://modernsciences.org/sargassum-seaweed-bloom-pollution-september-2025/) - A landmark 40-year review reveals how nutrient pollution from human activity has dramatically increased the nitrogen content in Sargassum, fueling massive seaweed blooms across the Atlantic Ocean.
- [Bacteria duo kills cancer without immune system help](https://modernsciences.org/bacterial-therapy-immune-independent-september-2025/) - A new cancer therapy utilizes a synergistic combination of two natural bacteria to destroy tumors, eliminating the need for the immune system and paving the way for treating immunocompromised patients.
- [New AI uses light to create images with nearly zero power](https://modernsciences.org/optical-ai-image-generation-september-2025/) - Scientists have developed a groundbreaking AI image generator that operates on light instead of electricity, providing a nearly zero-power solution to AI's increasing energy demands.
- [Panama's vital ocean upwelling fails for the 1st time](https://modernsciences.org/panama-ocean-upwelling-failure-september-2025/) - Scientists report the unprecedented failure of the Gulf of Panama’s annual upwelling, a critical ocean process that has been predictable for at least four decades, raising alarms about climate impacts.
- [Constipation drug may slow chronic kidney disease decline](https://modernsciences.org/constipation-drug-chronic-kidney-disease-september-2025/) - In a groundbreaking clinical trial, the constipation drug lubiprostone was found to preserve kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease by improving gut health.
- [New 6G chip hits record 100 Gbps wireless speeds](https://modernsciences.org/all-frequency-6g-chip-100-gbps-september-2025/) - A new "all-frequency" 6G chip leverages integrated photonics to deliver speeds over 100 Gbps, paving the way for next-generation wireless communication.
- [New Bartonella bacteria found in Amazon sand flies](https://modernsciences.org/new-bartonella-amazon-sand-flies-september-2025/) - A study in Brazil's Amazon rainforest has uncovered a new Bartonella bacteria genotype in sand flies, closely related to the pathogen that causes Carrión's disease.
- [How environmental RNA can give us a real-time picture of freshwater biodiversity](https://modernsciences.org/environmental-rna-real-time-freshwater-biodiversity-september-2025/) - Wendy Morgado Gamero, McGill University and Orianne Tournayre, Université de Montpellier As climate change and human activity threaten freshwater ecosystems like lakes and rivers, it’s more important than ever to know how the species who inhabit them are being impacted. But traditional methods of monitoring species, such as catching animals, are challenging to implement and
- [What happens if I eat too much protein?](https://modernsciences.org/what-happens-if-i-eat-too-much-protein-september-2025/) - Margaret Murray, Swinburne University of Technology The hype around protein intake doesn’t seem to be going away. Social media is full of people urging you to eat more protein, including via supplements such as protein shakes. Food companies have also started highlighting protein content on food packages to promote sales. But is all the extra
- [New finds shed light on Canopus – the ancient Egyptian port city lost to the sea](https://modernsciences.org/new-finds-ancient-egyptian-port-canopus-lost-to-sea-september-2025/) - Claire Isabella Gilmour, University of Bristol This year has seen a number of artefacts recovered from the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Egypt. The area has attracted interest for some time due to ongoing searches for the tomb of Cleopatra VII and Alexander the Great. But the new finds add to our knowledge of
- [Our primate ancestors evolved in the cold – not the tropics](https://modernsciences.org/primate-ancestors-evolved-in-cold-not-tropics-september-2025/) - Jason Gilchrist, Edinburgh Napier University Most people imagine our early primate ancestors swinging through lush tropical forests. But new research shows that they were braving the cold. As an ecologist who has studied chimpanzees and lemurs in the field in Uganda and Madagascar, I am fascinated by the environments that shaped our primate ancestors. These
- [How ‘brain cleaning’ while we sleep may lower our risk of dementia](https://modernsciences.org/brain-cleaning-sleep-dementia-risk-september-2025/) - Julia Chapman, Macquarie University; Camilla Hoyos, Macquarie University, and Craig Phillips, Macquarie University The brain has its own waste disposal system – known as the glymphatic system – that’s thought to be more active when we sleep. But disrupted sleep might hinder this waste disposal system and slow the clearance of waste products or toxins
- [Scientists have been wrong about phantom limbs for decades – new study](https://modernsciences.org/phantom-limb-brain-map-theory-wrong-september-2025/) - Malgorzata Szymanska, University of Cambridge and Hunter Schone, University of Pittsburgh Inside every human brain lies a detailed map of the body, with different regions dedicated to different body parts – the hands, lips, feet and more. But what happens to this map when a body part is removed? For decades, scientists believed that when
- [See Earth’s seasons in all their complexity in a new animated map](https://modernsciences.org/earth-seasons-complexity-animated-map-september-2025/) - Drew Terasaki Hart, CSIRO The annual clock of the seasons – winter, spring, summer, autumn – is often taken as a given. But our new study in Nature, using a new approach for observing seasonal growth cycles from satellites, shows that this notion is far too simple. We present an unprecedented and intimate portrait of
- [AI is transforming weather forecasting − and that could be a game changer for farmers around the world](https://modernsciences.org/ai-weather-forecasting-farmers-climate-adaptation-september-2025/) - Paul Winters, University of Notre Dame and Amir Jina, University of Chicago For farmers, every planting decision carries risks, and many of those risks are increasing with climate change. One of the most consequential is weather, which can damage crop yields and livelihoods. A delayed monsoon, for example, can force a rice farmer in South
- [We decoded the oldest genetic data from an Egyptian, a man buried around 4,500 years ago – what it told us](https://modernsciences.org/decoded-oldest-egyptian-genetic-data-what-it-told-us-september-2025/) - Adeline Morez Jacobs, University of Padua A group of scientists has sequenced the genome of a man who was buried in Egypt around 4,500 years ago. The study offers rare insight into the genetic ancestry of early Egyptians and reveals links to both ancient north Africa and Mesopotamia, which includes modern day Iraq and parts
- [Mars has a solid core, resolving a longstanding planetary mystery — new study](https://modernsciences.org/mars-has-solid-core-resolving-planetary-mystery-september-2025/) - Kevin Olsen, University of Oxford and Mhairi Reid, University of Oxford Scientists have discovered that Mars has an interior structure similar to Earth’s. Results from Nasa’s Insight mission suggest that the red planet has a solid inner core surrounded by a liquid outer core, potentially resolving a longstanding mystery. The findings, which are published in
- [The Astonishing Math of the Year 2025](https://modernsciences.org/math-partridge-puzzle-september-2025/) - Mathematician Matt Parker explores the unique properties of the year 2025 by transforming a complex mathematical identity into a massive, interactive tiling puzzle.
- [The Physics Behind Temperature](https://modernsciences.org/temperature-entropy-statistical-mechanics-september-2025/) - The actual definition of temperature is insane.
- [How Two Mummies Rewrote the History of the Green Sahara](https://modernsciences.org/green-sahara-ancient-dna-takarkori-september-2025/) - Genomic analysis of two 7,000-year-old mummies reveals the inhabitants of the once-lush "Green Sahara" were a genetically isolated population who adopted new technologies through cultural exchange rather than interbreeding.
- [How Big Does an Asteroid Need to Be to End Humanity?](https://modernsciences.org/planet-killer-asteroid-planetary-defense-september-2025/) - From city-destroyers to planet-sterilizers, scientists are tracking the asteroids that could one day threaten all life on Earth and developing the technology to prevent them from doing so.
- [MIT study reveals secrets to solar's 99% cost drop](https://modernsciences.org/mit-study-solar-cost-reduction-september-2025/) - A new MIT study details how a diverse network of innovations, many from outside the solar sector, fueled the dramatic 99% cost reduction in photovoltaic systems.
- [Stalagmite reveals 13-year drought tied to Maya collapse](https://modernsciences.org/maya-collapse-drought-stalagmite-september-2025/) - A precisely dated stalagmite from a Yucatán cave reveals a series of severe, multi-year droughts that may have contributed to the collapse of the Classic Maya civilization.
- [New 'smart' plastic heals itself, remembers its shape](https://modernsciences.org/smart-plastic-self-healing-september-2025/) - Researchers have unveiled a self-healing, shape-shifting smart plastic composite that is stronger than steel, offering a glimpse into the future of durable and sustainable materials for the aerospace and automotive industries.
- [Solar trees can save 99% of forests, study finds](https://modernsciences.org/solar-trees-renewable-energy-deforestation-september-2025/) - New research published in Scientific Reports demonstrates that innovative solar trees can generate as much power as conventional solar farms while saving 99 percent of forest ecosystems from destruction.
- [Denisovan DNA helped first Americans adapt, study says](https://modernsciences.org/denisovan-dna-indigenous-americans-adaptation-september-2025/) - A unique segment of Denisovan DNA, inherited through Neanderthals, was favored by natural selection and may have contributed to the adaptation of the first peoples to life in the Americas.
- [New study: Changing walk may ease knee arthritis pain](https://modernsciences.org/knee-osteoarthritis-gait-retraining-september-2025/) - A groundbreaking study reveals that a personalized adjustment to foot angle during walking can significantly reduce knee osteoarthritis pain and potentially slow the progression of the disease.
- ['DishBrain' cells learn video games faster than AI](https://modernsciences.org/dishbrain-biological-intelligence-ai-september-2025/) - In a landmark study, lab-grown neural networks learned to play Pong more efficiently than sophisticated AI, demonstrating the superior learning speed of biological systems.
- [Metformin’s anti-diabetes effect linked to brain pathway](https://modernsciences.org/metformin-diabetes-brain-september-2025/) - A groundbreaking study reveals that the common diabetes drug metformin primarily works through a newly discovered neural pathway in the brain, changing our understanding of how to treat the disease.
- [New dating reveals Greek skull is at least 286,000 years old](https://modernsciences.org/petralona-cranium-fossil-dating-september-2025/) - Scientists have established a new minimum age of 286,000 years for the mysterious Petralona cranium, clarifying its place in the human evolutionary tree.
- [First forests sparked deep-ocean oxygen, study says](https://modernsciences.org/first-forests-deep-ocean-evolution-september-2025/) - A new study reveals how the emergence of Earth’s first forests permanently oxygenated the deep ocean, triggering a significant evolutionary diversification of marine animals approximately 390 million years ago.
- [Cultivating for color: The hidden trade-offs between garden aesthetics and pollinator preferences](https://modernsciences.org/cultivating-color-garden-aesthetics-pollinator-tradeoffs-september-2025/) - Claire Therese Hemingway, University of Tennessee People often prioritize aesthetics when choosing plants for their gardens. They may pick flowers based on colors that create visually appealing combinations and varieties that have bigger and brighter displays or more fragrant and pleasant-smelling flowers. Some may also choose species that bloom at different times in order to
- [New age-gating laws aimed at making the internet safer actually threaten free speech](https://modernsciences.org/age-gating-laws-internet-safety-threaten-free-speech-september-2025/) - Neil McArthur, University of Manitoba The United Kingdom recently launched a broad system of age verification that requires any platforms that host pornography or other “harmful” content to ensure their users are 18 or older. Around the world, large swathes of the open web are being replaced by walled gardens. In June, the U.S. Supreme
- [How cloves might help relieve pain and inflammation](https://modernsciences.org/how-cloves-relieve-pain-inflammation-september-2025/) - Dipa Kamdar, Kingston University Cloves have long been a staple in kitchens and traditional medicine cabinets. Known for their warm, spicy flavour, they’re typically found whole or ground, and as clove oil or extract. But beyond their culinary charm, cloves are gaining scientific attention from researchers and clinicians for their potent analgesic (painkiller) properties. But
- [We drilled deep under the sea to learn more about mega-earthquakes and tsunamis](https://modernsciences.org/plants-in-space-benefits-food-medicine-earth-september-2025/) - Morgane Brunet, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR) Far beneath the waves, down in the depths of the Japan Trench — seven kilometres below sea level — lie hidden clues about some of the most powerful earthquakes and tsunamis on Earth. From September to December 2024, Expedition 405 of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP)
- [What, exactly, is space-time?](https://modernsciences.org/what-is-space-time-block-universe-philosophy-september-2025/) - Daryl Janzen, University of Saskatchewan Few ideas in modern science have reshaped our understanding of reality more profoundly than space-time — the interwoven fabric of space and time at the heart of Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. Space-time is frequently described as the “fabric of reality.” In some accounts, this fabric is referred to as
- [What’s the best way to support autistic kids with mild to moderate delay?](https://modernsciences.org/best-support-autistic-kids-developmental-delay-september-2025/) - David Trembath, The Kids Research Institute Australia; Andrew Whitehouse, The University of Western Australia, and Kandice Varcin, The Kids Research Institute Australia Autistic children with mild to moderate developmental delay will no longer be eligible for the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) from mid-2027. Instead, they will be directed to a new support system called
- [For the first time, scientists observed the ‘hidden swirls’ that affect the flow of sand, rocks and snow](https://modernsciences.org/hidden-swirls-granular-flow-xray-imaging-september-2025/) - Itai Einav, University of Sydney What looks like ordinary sand, rocks or snow flowing in one direction can actually hide swirling currents that move in multiple directions beneath the surface. When grains move in a landslide, most follow the steepest downhill path. This is the “primary flow”, where particles largely follow the herd. But some
- [Droughts don’t just dry up water — they drain livelihoods and weaken local economies](https://modernsciences.org/droughts-weaken-local-economies-livelihoods-september-2025/) - S. Mehmet Ozsoy, Concordia University and Erkan Yonder, Concordia University Unlike hurricanes and floods, which arrive suddenly and tend to dominate headlines with dramatic images of wrecked homes and submerged towns, droughts are often overlooked by media, governments and markets because they unfold more slowly. Their gradual toll on fields, reservoirs and rural communities tends
- [The first stars may not have been as uniformly massive as astronomers thought](https://modernsciences.org/first-stars-low-mass-formation-new-evidence-august-2025/) - Luke Keller, Ithaca College For decades, astronomers have wondered what the very first stars in the universe were like. These stars formed new chemical elements, which enriched the universe and allowed the next generations of stars to form the first planets. The first stars were initially composed of pure hydrogen and helium, and they were
- [Can AI teach us how animals think?](https://modernsciences.org/ai-teaches-how-animals-think-communication-august-2025/) - Shelley Brady, Dublin City University How is an animal feeling at a given moment? Humans have long recognised certain well-known behaviour like a cat hissing as a warning, but in many cases we’ve had little clue of what’s going on inside an animal’s head. Now we have a better idea, thanks to a Milan-based researcher
- [The discovery of an extinct shelduck highlights the rich ancient biodiversity of the remote Rēkohu Chatham Islands](https://modernsciences.org/rekohu-chatham-islands-extinct-shelduck-biodiversity-august-2025/) - Nic Rawlence, University of Otago; Alan Tennyson, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa; Levi Lanauze, Indigenous Knowledge, and Pascale Lubbe, University of Otago Islands are natural laboratories where evolution can run rampant as plants and animals adapt to new environmental conditions and vacancies in the ecosystem. This creates all manner of unique animals, although
- [Driver assist technology saves lives. So why do so many people turn it off?](https://modernsciences.org/why-drivers-disable-adas-safety-features-august-2025/) - Milad Haghani, The University of Melbourne; Akshay Vij, University of South Australia; Ali Ardeshiri, University of South Australia, and Zahra Shahhoseini, Monash University Cars are getting smarter. Today’s vehicles can automatically brake to avoid a rear-end collision, keep themselves centred in a lane, warn of hazards in blind spots and even maintain a safe distance
- [Why Don't Animals Need to Go to the Gym?](https://modernsciences.org/why-animals-dont-exercise-august-2025/) - While humans hit the gym to train, animals, from geese to kangaroos, perform incredible feats of endurance and strength through instinct and biological adaptation, rather than through intentional workouts.
- [Storing Radioactive Waste Is Weirder Than You Think](https://modernsciences.org/radioactive-waste-nuclear-storage-vitrification-august-2025/) - From deep underwater pools and solid glass cakes to simple empty rooms in hospitals, the ways we store radioactive waste are far weirder than you might imagine.
- [How Ancient Crocs Survived Two Apocalypses](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-crocs-crocodile-evolution-august-2025/) - While modern crocodilians are impressive survivors, their ancestors—from armored plant-eaters to swift two-legged hunters—used entirely different strategies to survive ancient apocalypses and conquer the world.
- [Why Our Entire World Depends on This One Tree](https://modernsciences.org/natural-rubber-supply-chain-monoculture-august-2025/) - The modern world relies on natural rubber, a material that cannot be fully replicated, sourced from a single tree species at risk of being wiped out by a devastating disease.
- [Maple seed drone flies 26 minutes on a single rotor](https://modernsciences.org/monocopter-maple-seed-26-minute-flight-august-2025/) - Inspired by a maple seed, researchers developed a 32-gram monocopter with a single rotor that can hover for 26 minutes, significantly improving the endurance and efficiency of small drones.
- [Scientists use supercomputers to ask: What was before the Big Bang?](https://modernsciences.org/numerical-relativity-before-big-bang-september-2025/) - Scientists are turning to powerful supercomputer simulations to solve Einstein's equations and finally explore what happened before the Big Bang.
- [Physicist uses quantum tool to unlock AI 'black box'](https://modernsciences.org/physics-ai-black-box-august-2025/) - A University of Utah physicist has applied methods from quantum field theory to solve a machine learning model, uncovering new scaling laws that help predict AI performance.
- [Guava molecule synthesis offers new hope for liver cancer](https://modernsciences.org/guava-synthesis-liver-cancer-august-2025/) - Chemists at the University of Delaware report the first total synthesis of (–)-psiguadial A, a guava-derived molecule with significant potential to fight liver cancer.
- [UW study: Flaw in rover tests risks future Mars missions](https://modernsciences.org/nasa-mars-rover-testing-august-2025/) - New computer simulations reveal a critical flaw in how space agencies test rovers, leading to overly optimistic predictions for missions on the moon and Mars.
- [Physicists solve 90-year-old quantum damping puzzle](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-damping-puzzle-august-2025/) - Physicists have solved a longstanding quantum puzzle by describing how atomic-scale vibrations lose energy, opening the door to new ultra-precise sensor technologies.
- [New AI uses 'curved space' for explosive memory recall](https://modernsciences.org/curved-neural-networks-ai-memory-august-2025/) - A groundbreaking study reveals how Curved Neural Networks use geometry to create AI with explosive, "lightbulb moment" memory recall, paving the way for more powerful and brain-like computing.
- [Plant waste makes concrete nearly 20% stronger, study finds](https://modernsciences.org/biochar-green-concrete-strength-august-2025/) - A new study reveals that adding just 2% biochar made from agricultural waste can create stronger, more durable, and environmentally friendly concrete.
- [Scientists see atoms' quantum dance for the 1st time](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-fluctuations-atomic-motion-august-2025/) - Scientists capture the first direct images of collective quantum fluctuations, revealing the constant, coordinated "dance" of atoms within a molecule as predicted by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
- [Bumblebee catfish climb Brazil waterfalls in mass migration](https://modernsciences.org/bumblebee-catfish-climbing-brazil-august-2025/) - Scientists document thousands of rare bumblebee catfish climbing waterfalls in Brazil for the first time, a behavior believed to be a critical part of their reproductive migration.
- [Teenagers are choosing to study Stem subjects – it’s a sign of the times](https://modernsciences.org/teenagers-choosing-stem-subjects-career-trends-august-2025/) - Mike Watts, Brunel University of London A-level results in 2025 show the increasing popularity of Stem (science, technology, engineering and maths) among students. For students taking three A-levels – the majority – the most popular combination of subjects was biology, chemistry and maths. The subject with the greatest rise in entries from 2024 is further
- [Managing soil fertilization levels can make for more efficient and productive crops](https://modernsciences.org/managing-soil-fertilization-phosphorus-crop-efficiency-august-2025/) - JT Cornelis, University of British Columbia Modern crops are often excessively fertilized, which boost yields in the short term but also harms the environment due to nutrient runoffs and greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, fertilizers are often inefficient because much of the applied fertilizers become bound to soil particles over the long term, making them unavailable
- [What’s a ‘black moon’? Here’s why it’s worth looking up at the sky this week](https://modernsciences.org/what-is-a-black-moon-stargazing-guide-august-2025/) - Laura Nicole Driessen, University of Sydney There’s been a lot of buzz online about the August “black moon”, happening later this week. While you’ve probably heard of a “blue moon” before, this might be the first time you’ve encountered its ominous-sounding counterpart. You’re not alone. In fact, neither “blue moon” nor “black moon” are astronomical
- [Ancient shells and pottery reveal the vast 3,200-years-old trade routes of Oceania’s Indigenous peoples](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-oceania-indigenous-trade-routes-shells-pottery-august-2025/) - Bryce Barker, University of Southern Queensland and Tiina Manne, The University of Queensland New research conducted at Walufeni Cave, an important archaeological site in Papua New Guinea, reveals new evidence of long-distance interactions between Oceania’s Indigenous societies, as far back as 3,200 years ago. Our new study, published in the journal Australian Archaeology, is the
- [Can music be good company? Research shows it makes our imagination more social](https://modernsciences.org/can-music-be-good-company-research-shows-it-makes-our-imagination-more-social/) - Steffen A. Herff, University of Sydney and Ceren Ayyildiz, University of Sydney Earlier this year, we asked a group of older adults what music they listened to when feeling lonely, and why. We discovered music was a powerful coping mechanism and source of escapism. Other studies have also found listeners use music “to keep them
- [Housing can be good for productivity. Here are 5 ways we can build it better](https://modernsciences.org/how-to-build-better-housing-for-productivity-august-2025/) - Emma Baker, University of Adelaide; Andrew Beer, University of South Australia, and Rachel Ong ViforJ, Curtin University Most Australians invest much of their income into housing, making employment, education and retirement decisions based on the location, timing and strength of their housing investment. Across the nation, the housing choices of the last four generations have
- [How climate change is making Europe’s fish move to new waters](https://modernsciences.org/climate-change-fish-migration-europe-uk-waters-august-2025/) - Sevrine Sailley, Plymouth Marine Laboratory Climate change is reshaping fish habitats. Some fish are winners, others are losing out. Fish already face plenty of pressure from overfishing and pollution. Climate change is adding more: warmer waters and shifting food supplies cause what’s known as a predator-prey mismatch. This means prey and predator are not in
- [A humanoid robot is now on sale for under US$6,000 – what can you do with it?](https://modernsciences.org/unitree-r1-humanoid-robot-affordable-ai-august-2025/) - Kartikeya Walia, Nottingham Trent University You might have noticed that humanoid robots are having a bit of a moment. From Tesla’s Optimus to Figure AI’s Figure 02, these machines are no longer just science fiction – they’re walking, and in some cases, cartwheeling into the real world. Now China’s Unitree Robotics, best known for its
- [How Fire, Not Spears, Wiped Out America's Giants](https://modernsciences.org/megafauna-extinction-wildfires-la-brea-august-2025/) - Researchers at the La Brea Tar Pits discovered that a combination of climate change and massive, human-sparked wildfires—not just hunting—led to the extinction of North America’s megafauna.
- [This Rock Is Older Than the Solar System](https://modernsciences.org/murchison-meteorite-presolar-grains-august-2025/) - Containing the building blocks of DNA and stardust older than the Sun, the Murchison meteorite offers an unprecedented glimpse into the origins of our solar system and life itself.
- [Why We Drink The World's Most Harmful Substance](https://modernsciences.org/why-we-drink-alcohol-harm-august-2025/) - Despite being the most harmful substance on Earth, alcohol's role as a social lubricant creates a dangerous paradox that society is only now beginning to confront.
- [When Did Humans Learn to Talk? The Evolutionary Mystery of Language](https://modernsciences.org/origin-language-human-evolution-august-2025/) - Language is what makes us human, but since words don't fossilize, their origin is a profound scientific puzzle. Researchers are piecing together clues from diverse fields—examining 80,000-year-old symbolic artifacts, the anatomy of Neanderthal ears, fossilized brain impressions, and our genetic code—to reconstruct the timeline of when, and how, our ancestors first developed the gift of
- [ETH team cools nanoparticle to quantum ground state at room temp](https://modernsciences.org/nanoparticle-quantum-ground-state-room-temperature-august-2025/) - Scientists have successfully cooled a levitated nanoparticle to its quantum ground state at room temperature, achieving a record-breaking level of purity and paving the way for advanced quantum sensors.
- [New Datavzrd tool makes data visualization easy, no code needed](https://modernsciences.org/datavzrd-data-visualization-no-code-august-2025/) - The new open-source tool Datavzrd allows scientists to create portable, interactive data reports from complex tables without needing any programming knowledge or specialized software.
- [Study of 1.1M papers reveals rise of AI in science](https://modernsciences.org/ai-in-science-academic-writing-august-2025/) - A massive analysis of over 1.1 million scientific papers reveals the steady and widespread adoption of AI writing tools by researchers, especially within the field of computer science.
- [Chemists make elusive carbon ring stable in a vial](https://modernsciences.org/stable-cyclocarbon-synthesis-august-2025/) - Chemists at the University of Oxford have successfully created a stable cyclo[48]carbon ring by encasing it in a protective molecular structure, enabling its study in solution at room temperature for the first time.
- [Greenland fossil jaw may be oldest known docodontan](https://modernsciences.org/docodontan-fossil-greenland-august-2025/) - A newly discovered fossil jawbone from Greenland, Nujalikodon cassiopeiae, has been identified as the oldest definitive docodontan, providing key insights into the evolution and dispersal of early mammal relatives.
- [Head-on 'Eye of Sauron' blazar jet solves cosmic neutrino mystery](https://modernsciences.org/blazar-jet-neutrino-mystery-august-2025/) - A rare, head-on view of the blazar PKS 1424+240 reveals how relativistic effects make it a top source of cosmic neutrinos and gamma rays, solving a decade-long mystery.
- [Gut bacteria digest food additives, new study finds](https://modernsciences.org/gut-bacteria-digest-food-additives-august-2025/) - A new study reveals that human gut bacteria can digest common "indigestible" cellulose-based food additives when primed by natural dietary fiber found in fruits and vegetables.
- [Sinking land costs California homeowners $1.87B](https://modernsciences.org/california-land-subsidence-housing-values-august-2025/) - A new study quantifies the impact of land subsidence caused by groundwater overuse in California's Central Valley, resulting in a decline in local housing values of nearly $2 billion.
- [Study: Scientific fraud grows faster than real science](https://modernsciences.org/scientific-fraud-paper-mills-august-2025/) - A new study reveals that sophisticated criminal networks are facilitating the growth of scientific fraud at a faster rate than legitimate research, thereby threatening the integrity of the scientific process itself.
- [Myanmar quake hints at an unpredictable 'Big One' for California](https://modernsciences.org/myanmar-quake-san-andreas-big-one-august-2025/) - A startling earthquake in Myanmar suggests that California's next "Big One" on the San Andreas fault could be far more complex and unpredictable than past events, a new study by Caltech finds.
- [Glacial lake flood hits Juneau, Alaska, reflecting a growing risk as mountain glaciers melt around the world](https://modernsciences.org/juneau-glacial-lake-flood-global-risk-august-2025/) - Alton C. Byers, University of Colorado Boulder and Suzanne OConnell, Wesleyan University Each summer in the mountains above Juneau, Alaska, meltwater from the massive Mendenhall Glacier flows into mountain lakes and into the Mendenhall River, which runs through town. Since 2011, scientists and local officials have kept a close eye on one lake in particular:
- [Fossils are scientific evidence, and shouldn’t be auctioned for millions to private buyers](https://modernsciences.org/fossils-scientific-evidence-not-for-private-auction-august-2025/) - Jessica M. Theodor, University of Calgary; Kenshu Shimada, DePaul University; Kristi Curry Rogers, Macalester College, and Stuart Sumida, California State University, San Bernardino Last year, a Stegosaurus nicknamed “Apex” sold at auction for US$40.5 million. A juvenile Ceratosaurus fetched US$30.5 million just last month. Supporters of these sales argue that they’re harmless, or even good
- [From clear skin to detoxing, chlorophyll and collagen supplements promise a lot, but what does the science say?](https://modernsciences.org/chlorophyll-collagen-supplement-science-august-2025/) - Dan Baumgardt, University of Bristol Walk into any health store, scroll through TikTok, or browse the shelves of your favourite beauty retailer, and you’ll be met with a familiar promise: that a pill, powder or potion could be the secret to glowing skin, boosted energy, or even inner “detoxification.” Among the most hyped are chlorophyll
- [70 years of data show extreme heat is already wiping out tropical bird populations](https://modernsciences.org/70-years-data-extreme-heat-wipes-out-tropical-birds-august-2025/) - James Watson, The University of Queensland; Maximilian Kotz, Barcelona Supercomputing Center-Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS), and Tatsuya Amano, The University of Queensland Human-driven climate change threatens many species, including birds. Most studies on this topic focus on long-term climate trends, such as gradual rises in average temperatures or shifts in rainfall patterns. But extreme weather
- [Women in STEM face challenges and underrepresentation – this course gives them tools to succeed](https://modernsciences.org/women-in-stem-course-tools-to-succeed-august-2025/) - Filomena Nunes, Michigan State University As a graduate student in physics, I was often the only woman in the room. As I gained more experience, I learned valuable lessons about the scientific community and how to better advance my career. Once I started mentoring female graduate students, I realized that many of them had also
- [AI companies want copyright exemption, but the arts minister says there are ‘no plans’ to weaken these laws. What’s going on?](https://modernsciences.org/ai-copyright-law-exemption-australia-debate-august-2025/) - John Potts, Macquarie University “We have copyright laws,” said arts minister Tony Burke last week. “We have no plans, no intention, no appetite to be weakening those copyright laws based on this draft report that’s floating around.” He was referring to the Productivity Commission’s controversial floating of a text and data mining exception to the
- [Why on Earth is the planet’s day getting shorter?](https://modernsciences.org/earth-day-getting-shorter-rotation-speed-august-2025/) - James O'Donoghue, University of Reading Earth will complete a rotation 1.33 milliseconds earlier than usual on Tuesday, August 5. That makes it one of the shortest days of 2025 at 86,399.99867 seconds long. How that happens, and how we can even measure it with such precision, might make your head spin faster too. On average,
- [What should I eat (and avoid) while breastfeeding? How does my diet affect baby’s milk?](https://modernsciences.org/breastfeeding-nutrition-diet-guide-august-2025/) - Therese O'Sullivan, Edith Cowan University Many people are familiar with the saying that a woman is “eating for two” during pregnancy. Although this is an exaggeration, nutritional needs do certainly increase during pregnancy to support the growing baby. But what’s perhaps less known is that energy needs are actually even slightly higher during breastfeeding than
- [As human teams get bigger, they get less efficient. But these ants have found a solution](https://modernsciences.org/weaver-ants-team-efficiency-solution-august-2025/) - Chris R. Reid, Macquarie University and Daniele Carlesso, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Have you ever been part of a large group project? You might assume that with more people involved, the work gets done better and faster. However, as more team members join the group, the effectiveness of each individual doesn’t increase. It
- [Troy’s fall was partly due to environmental strain – and it holds lessons for today](https://modernsciences.org/troy-fall-environmental-strain-lessons-today-august-2025/) - Stephan Blum, University of Tübingen Sometimes the seeds of collapse are sown in the very soil of prosperity. Beneath the ancient city of Troy’s shining walls, the earth quietly cracked under the weight of its ambition. When we think of environmental destruction today, images of oil rigs, coal plants or plastic islands come to mind.
- [The Eiffel Tower gets bigger every summer – here’s why](https://modernsciences.org/eiffel-tower-grows-summer-thermal-expansion-august-2025/) - Federico de Isidro Gordejuela, Universidad CEU San Pablo The structure known today as the Eiffel Tower was originally dubbed the Tour de 300 mètres, the 300-metre tower. The name was proposed by engineers Maurice Koechlin and Émile Nougier to Gustave Eiffel, who oversaw the tower’s construction. It hinted at the desire to build something extraordinary,
- [Safe no more: off-the-charts marine heat has severely damaged Ningaloo and other pristine coral reefs](https://modernsciences.org/ningaloo-pristine-coral-reefs-damaged-marine-heatwave-august-2025/) - Safe no more: off-the-charts marine heat has severely damaged Ningaloo and other pristine coral reefs James Paton Gilmour, Australian Institute of Marine Science Until now, many of Western Australia’s most pristine coral reefs have avoided the worst bleaching brought by marine heatwaves. But their luck has now run out. The state’s longest lasting, largest and most
- [UC Santa Cruz physicist offers 2 new dark matter theories](https://modernsciences.org/uc-santa-cruz-new-dark-matter-theories-august-2025/) - A UC Santa Cruz physicist proposes two novel theories suggesting dark matter emerged naturally from the extreme gravitational conditions of the early universe.
- [Ozempic and other weight-loss drugs linked to rare but serious eye conditions](https://modernsciences.org/ozempic-weightloss-drugs-eye-conditions-august-2025/) - Flora Hui, The University of Melbourne and Pete A Williams, Karolinska Institutet Drugs such as Ozempic, Wegovy and Mounjaro (known as semaglutide and tirzepatide) have changed the way clinicians manage diabetes and obesity around the world. Collectively known as GLP-1 agonists, these drugs mimic the hormone GLP-1. This limits both hunger and interest in food,
- [Is AI coming for your creative job? Maybe not – with some human intervention](https://modernsciences.org/ai-creative-jobs-human-intervention-august-2025/) - Afsoon Soudi, Toronto Metropolitan University; Gavin Adamson, Toronto Metropolitan University; Lorena Escandon, Toronto Metropolitan University, and Reem El Asaleh, Toronto Metropolitan University Many writers, actors and other creatives are currently experiencing a small wave of panic about artificial intelligence (AI) taking over their jobs. Generative AI (GenAI) is making machine learning and creative work more
- [56 million years ago, Earth underwent rapid global warming. Here’s what it did to pollinators](https://modernsciences.org/past-global-warming-pollinator-shift-petm-august-2025/) - Vera Korasidis, The University of Melbourne and Scott L. Wing, Smithsonian Institution Pollinators play a vital role in fertilising flowers, which grow into seeds and fruits and underpin our agriculture. But climate change can cause a mismatch between plants and their pollinators, affecting where they live and what time of year they’re active. This has
- [The Viewpoint: Study Finds Over 99% of Dogs in U.S. Show Moderate to Severe Behavior Issues](https://modernsciences.org/dog-behavior-issues-us-aggression-anxiety-study-viewpoint-september-2025/) - According to a major new study, over 99% of U.S. dogs have behavior problems, with aggression and separation anxiety being the most widespread issues.
- [The Viewpoint: A new observatory is assembling the most complete time-lapse record of the night sky ever](https://modernsciences.org/vera-rubin-observatory-time-lapse-universe-viewpoint-august-2025/) - Now operational, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory is creating a 10-year movie of the universe to investigate everything from the nature of dark matter to the threat of nearby asteroids.
- [The Viewpoint: New Chemical Offers Eco-Friendly Solution for Controlling Destructive Drywood Termites](https://modernsciences.org/eco-friendly-termite-control-bistrifluron-viewpoint-august-2025/) - Scientists have developed a safer termite control method using bistrifluron, a low-toxicity chemical that disrupts molting and wipes out entire colonies over time.
- [The Viewpoint: Why the appendix is much more important than we once thought](https://modernsciences.org/appendix-gut-health-immune-function-viewpoint-august-2025/) - Once thought to be a useless vestigial organ, the appendix is now recognized as playing a crucial role in regulating the gut microbiome and supporting overall immune function.
- [The Viewpoint: Who wrote the Bible? A new AI model offers statistical clues](https://modernsciences.org/ai-analyzes-bible-authorship-viewpoint-august-2025/) - A new AI tool reveals the linguistic fingerprints of the Bible’s anonymous authors, offering a robust, data-driven approach to solving one of history’s oldest literary mysteries.
- [The 'Wrong' Way to Add Fractions is Actually Genius](https://modernsciences.org/wrong-way-adding-fractions-mediant-august-2025/) - What begins as a simple mathematical mistake unfolds into a surprising journey through advanced number theory, statistical paradoxes, and the hidden beauty of rational numbers.
- [The 170-Year-Old Experiment Hiding in This Field](https://modernsciences.org/park-grass-experiment-england-august-2025/) - For nearly 170 years, a simple patch of grass in England has been the site of the world's longest-running scientific experiment, revealing foundational truths about agriculture, evolution, and climate change.
- [Tuberculosis: The Killer We Choose Not to Cure](https://modernsciences.org/tuberculosis-history-inequality-cure-august-2025/) - An exploration of how history’s deadliest disease persists not due to a lack of a cure, but a lack of will, sustained by inequality and systemic failure.
- [The Battery: An Invention That Almost Never Happened](https://modernsciences.org/lithium-ion-battery-invention-history-august-2025/) - Discover the unlikely, decades-long story of the three Nobel-winning scientists who overcame explosive failures and corporate indifference to invent the revolutionary lithium-ion battery.
- [JWST confirms most distant black hole from early universe](https://modernsciences.org/jwst-distant-black-hole-discovery-august-2025/) - Using the James Webb Space Telescope, astronomers have confirmed the most distant black hole ever found, a behemoth that challenges our understanding of how cosmic giants form so early in the universe's history.
- [Physicists find universal rules for quantum entanglement](https://modernsciences.org/universal-rules-quantum-entanglement-higher-dimensions-august-2025/) - Researchers have discovered universal principles governing quantum entanglement across all dimensions by applying thermal effective theory, a powerful framework from particle physics.
- [Cave reveals 75,000-year-old Arctic world in Norway](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-arctic-ecosystem-norway-cave-august-2025/) - A 75,000-year-old animal community discovered in a Norwegian cave reveals how ancient Arctic species responded to and ultimately failed to survive dramatic climate shifts.
- [New 3D printing method creates alloys 4 times stronger](https://modernsciences.org/3d-printing-stronger-alloys-caltech-august-2025/) - Caltech researchers have developed a 3D printing method that creates custom, super-strong metal alloys by precisely controlling their internal microstructure.
- ['Neglected' particle unlocks quantum computing power](https://modernsciences.org/neglected-anyon-unlocks-universal-quantum-computing-august-2025/) - By rescuing a discarded mathematical object to create a new type of anyon, scientists have found a way to achieve universal quantum computation through braiding alone.
- [Study: Older speakers quickly adopt new word meanings](https://modernsciences.org/language-change-older-speakers-august-2025/) - At a Glance Researchers analyzed 7.9 million U.S. Congressional speeches from 1873 to 2010 to study how word meanings change and who adopts those changes. The study challenges the belief that language evolution is purely generational, where only the young introduce innovations while older generations resist them. Using AI, scientists found that older speakers, while
- [New 'quantum liquid crystal' found at material interface](https://modernsciences.org/new-quantum-liquid-crystal-discovery-rutgers-august-2025/) - Researchers have discovered a new state of matter with unique electronic properties by layering a Weyl semimetal and a spin ice material in an unprecedented quantum experiment.
- [Wolves carry pups miles to follow migrating elk herds](https://modernsciences.org/yellowstone-wolves-migrate-with-pups-follow-elk-august-2025/) - Challenging long-held beliefs, a new study reveals gray wolves in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem will migrate long distances with their young pups to hunt migrating elk.
- [Quantum 'spookiness' found without entanglement](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-spookiness-unentangled-photons-august-2025/) - A groundbreaking experiment reveals that quantum nonlocality, also known as “spooky action at a distance,” can be generated by the indistinguishability of particles and does not require quantum entanglement.
- [Iron nanoparticles can help treat contaminated water – our team of scientists created them out of expired supplements](https://modernsciences.org/iron-nanoparticles-expired-supplements-water-treatment-august-2025/) - Ahmed Ibrahim Yunus, Georgia Institute of Technology and Joe Frank Bozeman III, Georgia Institute of Technology Today, approximately 1,800,000 acres of land in the United States is used for landfill waste disposal. In terms of volume, the U.S alone generated over 290 million tons of solid waste in 2018, an amount equivalent to about 235,000
- [Can I eat instant noodles every day? What does it do to my health?](https://modernsciences.org/instant-noodles-daily-health-effects-august-2025/) - Lauren Ball, The University of Queensland; Emily Burch, Southern Cross University, and Pui Ting Wong (Pearl), The University of Queensland Instant noodles are cheap, quick and comforting – often a go-to snack or meal for students, busy workers, families and anyone trying to stretch their grocery budget. In Australia, the instant noodle market continues to
- [This stone tool is over 1 million years old. How did its maker get to Sulawesi without a boat?](https://modernsciences.org/sulawesi-hominin-sea-crossing-stone-tools-august-2025/) - Adam Brumm, Griffith University; Basran Burhan, Griffith University; Gerrit (Gert) van den Bergh, University of Wollongong; Maxime Aubert, Griffith University, and Renaud Joannes-Boyau, Southern Cross University Stone tools dating to at least 1.04 million years ago have been found on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. This means early hominins made a major sea crossing from
- [Your phone is covered in germs: a tech expert explains how to clean it without doing damage](https://modernsciences.org/how-to-clean-your-phone-without-damage-august-2025/) - Meena Jha, CQUniversity Australia We wash our hands, sanitise shopping trolleys and wipe down cafe tables. But what about our phones? We touch these devices dozens of times a day, and take them everywhere from the kitchen to the dining table, and even the bathroom. Phones can be contaminated with many kinds of potential germs.
- [Rockabye baby: the ‘love songs’ of lonely leopard seals resemble human nursery rhymes](https://modernsciences.org/leopard-seal-songs-resemble-human-nursery-rhymes-august-2025/) - Lucinda Chambers, UNSW Sydney and Tracey Rogers, UNSW Sydney Late in the evening, the Antarctic sky flushes pink. The male leopard seal wakes and slips from the ice into the water. There, he’ll spend the night singing underwater amongst the floating ice floes. For the next two months he sings every night. He will sing
- [2 spacecraft flew exactly in line to imitate a solar eclipse, capture a stunning image and test new tech](https://modernsciences.org/two-spacecraft-imitate-solar-eclipse-new-tech-august-2025/) - Christopher Palma, Penn State During a solar eclipse, astronomers who study heliophysics are able to study the Sun’s corona – its outer atmosphere – in ways they are unable to do at any other time. The brightest part of the Sun is so bright that it blocks the faint light from the corona, so it
- [Trauma is carried in your DNA. But science reveals a more complicated story](https://modernsciences.org/how-intergenerational-trauma-is-transmitted-beyond-genes-august-2025/) - Tara-Lyn Camilleri, Monash University As war continues to rage in Gaza and Ukraine, there is concern about how the related trauma might be transmitted to future generations of people in those regions. More generally, interest in the idea of transgenerational trauma has recently surged. For example, earlier this year, National Geographic magazine asked whether genes
- [Tsunami warnings are triggering mass evacuations across the Pacific – even though the waves look small. Here’s why](https://modernsciences.org/why-small-tsunami-waves-trigger-mass-evacuations-august-2025/) - Milad Haghani, The University of Melbourne and Zahra Shahhoseini, Monash University One of the ten largest earthquakes ever recorded just struck Kamchatka, the sparsely populated Russian peninsula facing the Pacific. The magnitude 8.8 quake had its epicentre in the sea just off the Kamchatka coast. Huge quakes such as these can cause devastating tsunamis. It’s
- [How Lava Lamps Protect the Internet](https://modernsciences.org/lava-lamp-internet-encryption-august-2025/) - Our most sensitive digital information is protected by harnessing the chaotic behavior of systems like lava lamps, thereby solving the critical problem that computers, by their very nature, cannot be truly random.
- [The King and Queen of Cursed Units](https://modernsciences.org/the-king-and-queen-of-cursed-units/) - These monstrosities are real units used by real people.
- [The 100-Year-Old Math Feud That Invented The Future](https://modernsciences.org/math-feud-markov-chain-google-ai-august-2025/) - Find out how a bitter 100-year-old feud between two Russian mathematicians unexpectedly led to the creation of a mathematical tool that now powers everything from nuclear physics and Google Search to modern artificial intelligence.
- [The Ingenious Engineering of the EpiPen](https://modernsciences.org/how-epipen-works-mechanism-august-2025/) - It is just one step, but under the plastic, it's actually three distinct mechanisms that trigger each other in quick succession without any additional input from you.
- [New coating mimics PFAS with less 'forever chemical' risk](https://modernsciences.org/new-coating-mimics-pfas-less-risk-august-2025/) - Engineers have developed a safer nonstick material using "nanoscale fletching," a breakthrough that drastically reduces reliance on harmful 'forever chemicals.'
- [Study: Potato is an ancient hybrid of tomato-like plant](https://modernsciences.org/potato-origin-ancient-tomato-hybrid-august-2025/) - A new genomic study reveals the potato's signature tuber originated from an ancient hybridization between tomato-like and potato-like species millions of years ago.
- [Deep-sea fish are 'chemical engineers,' study finds](https://modernsciences.org/deep-sea-fish-ocean-carbon-cycle-august-2025/) - Scientists have confirmed that deep-sea fish, which dominate global fish biomass, are major contributors to the ocean’s carbonate cycle, solving a long-standing mystery in marine science.
- [Mammals evolved to eat ants at least 12 separate times](https://modernsciences.org/mammal-ant-eater-convergent-evolution-august-2025/) - A comprehensive analysis of 4,099 mammal species reveals that the rise of ant and termite colonies drove at least 12 independent origins of specialized ant-eating across the tree of life.
- [Scientists see magnons' dance at the nanoscale for 1st time](https://modernsciences.org/nanoscale-magnon-observation-spintronics-august-2025/) - In a milestone for magnonics and microscopy, researchers have finally captured the first-ever direct images of bulk magnons at the nanoscale, opening exciting new opportunities for spin-based electronics.
- [NASA's New Horizons pilots by starlight from 5B miles away](https://modernsciences.org/new-horizons-stellar-parallax-navigation-august-2025/) - By measuring the apparent shift of nearby stars from its vantage point billions of miles away, NASA's New Horizons spacecraft successfully demonstrated the first-ever method of interstellar navigation.
- [Study: Early hominin males much larger than females](https://modernsciences.org/hominin-dimorphism-august-2025/) - New research, utilizing a novel statistical method, reveals that males of the early hominin species Australopithecus were significantly larger than females, suggesting intense male competition among our ancient ancestors.
- [Octopuses fall for 'rubber hand' illusion](https://modernsciences.org/octopus-rubber-hand-illusion-self-awareness-august-2025/) - A new study demonstrates that octopuses experience a sense of body ownership, as the rubber hand illusion can trick them into believing a fake arm is part of their own body.
- [UC Irvine team discovers new phase of quantum matter](https://modernsciences.org/new-quantum-matter-uc-irvine-august-2025/) - In a breakthrough for quantum physics, scientists have created the first-ever "spin-triplet" excitonic insulator, a new state of matter that could revolutionize electronics and space exploration.
- [AI helps solve Papua New Guinean genetic origin mystery](https://modernsciences.org/papua-new-guinea-genetic-origin-bottleneck-august-2025/) - A new study finds the unique genetics of Papua New Guineans stem from a population bottleneck, not a separate 'Out of Africa' migration.
- [There’s enough natural hydrogen in the Earth’s crust to help power the green energy transition](https://modernsciences.org/natural-hydrogen-power-green-energy-transition-july-2025/) - Omid Haeri Ardakani, University of Calgary; Barbara Sherwood Lollar, University of Toronto, and Chris Ballentine, University of Oxford Since their formation billions of years ago, the oldest parts of the Earth’s continental rocks have generated natural hydrogen in massive amounts. Some of this hydrogen may have accumulated within accessible traps and reservoirs under the Earth’s
- [Dogs are helping people regulate stress even more than expected, research shows](https://modernsciences.org/dogs-help-regulate-stress-research-shows-july-2025/) - Kevin Morris, University of Denver and Jaci Gandenberger, University of Denver In a 2022 survey of 3,000 U.S. adults, more than one-third of respondents reported that on most days, they feel “completely overwhelmed” by stress. At the same time, a growing body of research is documenting the negative health consequences of higher stress levels, which
- [Precious finger traces from First Nations ancestors revealed in a glittering mountain cave in Australia](https://modernsciences.org/first-nations-ancestor-finger-traces-waribruk-cave-australia-july-2025/) - Russell Mullett, Indigenous Knowledge; Bruno David, Monash University, and Madeleine Kelly, Flinders University Australia’s First Nations history stretches back many tens of thousands of years, rich in depth and diversity. Archaeological research has revealed much about this deep past, but it has rarely captured the gestures of the ancestors – their movements, postures and physical
- [Urban trees vs. cool roofs: What’s the best way for cities to beat the heat?](https://modernsciences.org/urban-heat-trees-vs-cool-roofs-strategies-july-2025/) - Ian Smith, Boston University and Lucy Hutyra, Boston University When summer turns up the heat, cities can start to feel like an oven, as buildings and pavement trap the sun’s warmth and vehicles and air conditioners release more heat into the air. The temperature in an urban neighborhood with few trees can be more than
- [Binary star systems are complex astronomical objects − a new AI approach could pin down their properties quickly](https://modernsciences.org/ai-analyzes-binary-star-properties-july-2025/) - Andrej Prša, Villanova University Stars are the fundamental building blocks of our universe. Most stars host planets, like our Sun hosts our solar system, and if you look more broadly, groups of stars make up huge structures such as clusters and galaxies. So before astrophysicists can attempt to understand these large-scale structures, we first need
- [‘Are you joking, mate?’ AI doesn’t get sarcasm in non-American varieties of English](https://modernsciences.org/ai-sarcasm-detection-non-american-english-july-2025/) - Aditya Joshi, UNSW Sydney In 2018, my Australian co-worker asked me, “Hey, how are you going?”. My response – “I am taking a bus” – was met with a smirk. I had recently moved to Australia. Despite studying English for more than 20 years, it took me a while to familiarise myself with the Australian
- [As US climate data-gathering is gutted, Australian forecasting is now at real risk](https://modernsciences.org/us-climate-data-cuts-risk-australian-forecasting-july-2025/) - Andrew B. Watkins, Monash University; Anthony Rea, RMIT University; Matthew England, UNSW Sydney; Scott Power, Monash University; Sue Barrell, University of Technology Sydney, and Tas van Ommen, University of Tasmania This year, Australia has experienced record-breaking floods, tropical cyclones, heatwaves on land and in the ocean, drought, coral bleaching, coastal erosion and devastating algal blooms.
- [‘No filter can fix that face’: how online body shaming harms teenage girls](https://modernsciences.org/online-body-shaming-harms-teenage-girls-july-2025/) - Taliah Jade Prince, University of the Sunshine Coast and Daniel Hermens, University of the Sunshine Coast You’re so ugly it hurts. Maybe if you lost some weight, someone would actually like you. No filter can fix that face. These are the sorts of comments teenage girls see online daily, via social media, group chats, or
- [Research replication can determine how well science is working – but how do scientists replicate studies?](https://modernsciences.org/research-replication-methods-crisis-july-2025/) - Amanda Kay Montoya, University of California, Los Angeles Back in high school chemistry, I remember waiting with my bench partner for crystals to form on our stick in the cup of blue solution. Other groups around us jumped with joy when their crystals formed, but my group just waited. When the bell rang, everyone left
- [Feral rabbits don't revert to wild form, study finds](https://modernsciences.org/feral-rabbits-evolution-study-august-2025/) - A new study on rabbit skulls reveals that when domesticated breeds go feral, they don't simply revert to their wild ancestors but evolve into a unique, unpredictable new form.
- [New 'second law' of entanglement finally proven](https://modernsciences.org/second-law-entanglement-battery-august-2025/) - Researchers have discovered a new "second law" for entanglement, proving the process can be made perfectly reversible using a theoretical quantum battery to store and supply the resource.
- [NYU study unlocks physics of a key sailing move](https://modernsciences.org/sailing-tacking-physics-august-2025/) - A new study reveals that a sail's stiffness, initial tension, and final angle to the wind are the most critical factors for successfully tacking against the wind.
- [Scientists teleport quantum bit to solid memory](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-teleportation-solid-memory-august-2025/) - In a first-of-its-kind experiment, scientists have teleported quantum information from a telecom-wavelength photon directly to a solid-state quantum memory.
- [Quantum 'clock' finds tunneling photons don't freeze in time](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-tunneling-time-challenges-bohmian-mechanics-july-2025/) - In an experiment that challenges a key prediction of Bohmian mechanics, scientists found that tunneling photons move at a finite speed, rather than remaining stationary inside a barrier.
- [Fungicide cuts fly egg production by 37%, study says](https://modernsciences.org/fungicide-damages-insect-reproduction-study-july-2025/) - New research reveals that even low, common-use levels of the fungicide chlorothalonil severely damage the survival and reproductive abilities of beneficial insects.
- [Five reasons why driverless cars probably won’t take over your street any time soon](https://modernsciences.org/five-reasons-driverless-cars-wont-take-over-streets-july-2025/) - Seyed Toliyat, University of Stirling The UK government has launched a consultation on driverless cars, ahead of on-the-road trials of the vehicles next year. It has now been more than a decade since the prospect of driverless cars on public roads emerged, and prototypes and robotaxi fleets such as Waymo and Cruise replaced human drivers
- [Study: Mars self-regulated as a desert planet](https://modernsciences.org/mars-self-regulated-desert-planet-july-2025/) - New research suggests a negative feedback loop involving carbon-trapping rocks may have doomed Mars to become a self-regulating desert planet with only fleeting periods of habitability.
- [Scientists engineer bacteria to produce key milk protein](https://modernsciences.org/scientists-engineer-bacteria-milk-protein-july-2025/) - Researchers have successfully bioengineered milk proteins in bacteria, paving the way for animal-free dairy products that are functionally identical to their natural counterparts.
- [New isotope aluminum-20 seen in rare 3-proton decay](https://modernsciences.org/new-isotope-aluminum-20-rare-3-proton-decay-july-2025/) - The first-ever observation of the isotope aluminum-20 reveals a rare three-proton decay and challenges a fundamental symmetry in nuclear physics.
- [Ötzi's ribcage reframes modern human evolution story](https://modernsciences.org/otzi-ribcage-human-evolution-climate-july-2025/) - New 3D models of prehistoric ribs reveal that early human bodies varied significantly, with stockier builds in colder climates and slender ones in warmer regions.
- [Climate disasters are pushing people into homelessness – but there’s a lot we can do about it](https://modernsciences.org/climate-disasters-homelessness-housing-crisis-solutions-july-2025/) - Timothy Heffernan, Australian National University Almost half of all Australian properties are at risk of bushfire, while 17,500 face risk of coastal erosion. By 2030, more than 3 million will face riverine flood risk. Meanwhile, housing demand continues to outpace supply. With climate-related disasters projected to increase in frequency and severity, the task of ensuring
- [Big Roman shoes discovered near Hadrian’s Wall – but they don’t necessarily mean big Roman feet](https://modernsciences.org/large-roman-shoes-hadrians-wall-magna-july-2025/) - Tim Penn, University of Reading Excavations at the Roman fort of Magna near Hadrian’s Wall in Northumberland in north east England have uncovered some very large leather footwear. Their discovery, according to some news coverage, has “baffled” archaeologists. The survival of the shoes is not by itself miraculous or unusual. Excellent preservation conditions caused by
- [How EVs and electric water heaters are turning cities into giant batteries](https://modernsciences.org/evs-water-heaters-cities-giant-batteries-july-2025/) - Bin Lu, Australian National University and Marnie Shaw, Australian National University As the electrification of transport and heating accelerates, many worry the increased demand could overload national power grids. In Australia, electricity consumption is expected to double by 2050. If everyone charges their car and heats water using electric systems at the same time, peak
- [Pumped up with poison: new research shows many anabolic steroids contain toxic metals](https://modernsciences.org/anabolic-steroids-toxic-metals-contamination-july-2025/) - Timothy Piatkowski, Griffith University Eighteen-year-old Mark scrolls Instagram late at night, watching videos of fitness influencers showing off muscle gains and lifting the equivalent of a baby elephant off the gym floor. Spurred on by hashtags and usernames indicating these feats involve steroids, soon Mark is online, ordering his first “steroid cycle”. No script, no
- [Could the latest ‘interstellar comet’ be an alien probe? Why spotting cosmic visitors is harder than you think](https://modernsciences.org/interstellar-comet-alien-probe-3i-atlas-july-2025/) - Sara Webb, Swinburne University of Technology On July 1, astronomers spotted an unusual high-speed object zooming towards the Sun. Dubbed 3I/ATLAS, the surprising space traveller had one very special quality: its orbit showed it had come from outside our Solar System. For only the third time ever, we had discovered a true interstellar visitor. And
- [How do we understand life on Earth? A prize-winning biography charts the tension between two types of science ‘genius’](https://modernsciences.org/linnaeus-buffon-biography-science-genius-july-2025/) - John Long, Flinders University The modern science biography must hold back no punches in its mission to represent the subject’s life, equally celebrating their great works while including their personal shortcomings. Jürgen Neffe’s Einstein: A Biography (2005) and Dava Sobel’s The Elements of Marie Curie (2024) are wonderful examples of this style. Such books succeed
- [New discovery at Cern could hint at why our universe is made up of matter and not antimatter](https://modernsciences.org/cern-discovery-matter-antimatter-universe-july-2025/) - William Barter, University of Edinburgh Why didn’t the universe annihilate itself moments after the big bang? A new finding at Cern on the French-Swiss border brings us closer to answering this fundamental question about why matter dominates over its opposite – antimatter. Much of what we see in everyday life is made up of matter.
- [Cycling can be 4 times more efficient than walking. A biomechanics expert explains why](https://modernsciences.org/why-cycling-is-more-efficient-than-walking-july-2025/) - Anthony Blazevich, Edith Cowan University You’re standing at your front door, facing a five kilometre commute to work. But you don’t have your car, and there’s no bus route. You can walk for an hour – or jump on your bicycle and arrive in 15 minutes, barely breaking a sweat. You choose the latter. Many
- [Sculptor galaxy image provides brilliant details that will help astronomers study how stars form](https://modernsciences.org/sculptor-galaxy-image-star-formation-details-july-2025/) - Rebecca McClain, The Ohio State University and Adam Leroy, The Ohio State University If you happen to find yourself in the Southern Hemisphere with binoculars and a good view of the night sky on a dark and clear summer night, you might just be able to spot the Sculptor galaxy. And if your eyes were
- [Greek and Roman nymphs weren’t just sexy nature spirits. They had other important jobs too](https://modernsciences.org/greek-roman-nymphs-mythology-nature-spirits-july-2025/) - Kitty Smith, University of Sydney Could you ever be truly alone in the woods of ancient Greece or Rome? According to myth, the ancient world was filled with wild animals, terrifying monsters, and mischievous deities. Among them were nymphs: semi-divine female figures that personified elements of the natural world. But nymphs offer us more than
- [The first video of Earth’s surface lurching sideways in an earthquake offers new insights into this force of nature](https://modernsciences.org/first-video-earthquake-fault-rupture-insights-july-2025/) - Jesse Kearse, Kyoto University During the devastating magnitude 7.7 Myanmar earthquake on March 28 this year, a CCTV camera captured the moment the plate boundary moved, providing the first direct visual evidence of plate tectonics in action. Tectonic plate boundaries are where chunks of Earth’s crust slide past each other – not smoothly, but in
- [New study peers beneath the skin of iconic lizards to find ‘chainmail’ bone plates – and lots of them](https://modernsciences.org/monitor-lizard-goanna-osteoderm-discovery-july-2025/) - Roy Ebel, Museums Victoria Research Institute Monitor lizards, also known in Australia as goannas, are some of the most iconic reptiles on the continent. Their lineage not only survived the mass extinction that ended the reign of non-avian dinosaurs, but also gave rise to the largest living lizards on Earth. Today, these formidable creatures pace
- [More people are considering AI lovers, and we shouldn’t judge](https://modernsciences.org/human-ai-relationships-acceptance-risks-july-2025/) - Neil McArthur, University of Manitoba People are falling in love with their chatbots. There are now dozens of apps that offer intimate companionship with an AI-powered bot, and they have millions of users. A recent survey of users found that 19 per cent of Americans have interacted with an AI meant to simulate a romantic
- [Hold up, humans. Ants figured out medicine, farming and engineering long before we did](https://modernsciences.org/ant-achievements-medicine-farming-engineering-july-2025/) - Tanya Latty, University of Sydney and Chris R. Reid, Macquarie University Think back to a time you helped someone move a heavy object, such as a couch. While at first the task may have appeared simple, it actually required a suite of advanced behaviours. The job needed verbal commands for social coordination (“pivot!”) and anticipation
- [Is it okay to boil water more than once, or should you empty the kettle every time?](https://modernsciences.org/is-it-safe-to-re-boil-kettle-water-july-2025/) - Faisal Hai, University of Wollongong The kettle is a household staple practically everywhere – how else would we make our hot drinks? But is it okay to re-boil water that’s already in the kettle from last time? While bringing water to a boil disinfects it, you may have heard that boiling water more than once
- [The Most Cursed Units in Science](https://modernsciences.org/cursed-units-in-science-august-2025/) - An exploration into the bizarre side of science, where fuel efficiency is a unit of area, the age of the universe is a stunning coincidence, and some physical constants are measured in "per square root kilometer."
- [Finding the Most Complicated Lock Pattern](https://modernsciences.org/most-complicated-lock-pattern-math-august-2025/) - The quest to find the most complex lock pattern possible uncovers a hidden world of mathematical principles and an infinite number of solutions.
- [The Physics That Defines Musical Harmony](https://modernsciences.org/physics-defines-musical-harmony-august-2025/) - The familiar harmony of a major chord isn't a cultural accident, but a direct result of the laws of physics that govern how the invisible overtones within a sound wave interact.
- [Did Cosmic Rays Decide the Shape of Your DNA?](https://modernsciences.org/cosmic-rays-determine-lifes-handedness-august-2025/) - The very twist of your DNA might be a direct consequence of a fundamental asymmetry in the universe, delivered to the primordial Earth by high-energy cosmic rays.
- [The Viewpoint: Can we really resurrect extinct animals, or are we just creating hi-tech lookalikes?](https://modernsciences.org/de-extinction-hi-tech-lookalikes-viewpoint-july-2025/) - The ambitious effort to resurrect extinct species, such as the woolly mammoth, raises a key question: Are we truly reversing extinction, or just creating high-tech lookalikes?
- [The Viewpoint: Scientists Create Self-Replicating DNA Nanorobots with Potential for Targeted Cancer Treatment](https://modernsciences.org/self-replicating-dna-nanorobots-viewpoint-july-2025/) - A breakthrough in nanotechnology has produced tiny, self-replicating robots made from DNA with the potential to revolutionize medicine.
- [The Dormant Viruses That Wake Up in Astronauts](https://modernsciences.org/dormant-viruses-astronauts-july-2025/) - Because there’s a good chance that right now, you have at least one virus that’s been hiding inside of you for years, lying dormant.
- [How Dinosaur Extinction Led to a World Full of Fruit](https://modernsciences.org/dinosaur-extinction-fruit-evolution-july-2025/) - The cascade of changes that followed the extinction of the dinosaurs may have had one surprising effect: the evolution of a world teeming with fruit.
- [History's Most Audacious Fossil Frauds](https://modernsciences.org/audacious-fossil-frauds-july-2025/) - Delving into paleontological history reveals a world of audacious forgeries, from hilariously fake "Lying Stones" to a composite "missing link" dinosaur that fooled the experts.
- [Going to Zero Gravity to Prove Gravity Is a Lie](https://modernsciences.org/gravity-relativity-zero-g-parabolic-flight-july-2025/) - Einstein's revolutionary insight was that gravity isn't a force pulling objects together, but rather the result of mass and energy warping the very fabric of spacetime.
- [Tiny worm may be a big help for Chesapeake Bay’s blue crabs](https://modernsciences.org/worm-biomarker-blue-crabs-chesapeake-july-2025/) - New research confirms that a surprisingly resilient, egg-eating worm can act as a reliable biomarker to help manage the Chesapeake Bay's struggling blue crab population.
- ['Darth Vader' fish: New species found in Papua New Guinea](https://modernsciences.org/darth-vader-fish-new-species-papua-new-guinea-july-2025/) - Researchers have identified a new, uniquely purplish-black dwarfgoby species in Papua New Guinea, naming the tiny fish Eviota vader in a nod to the iconic "Star Wars" villain.
- [Scientists tame ‘invisible’ magnets for ultra-fast electronics](https://modernsciences.org/antiferromagnet-spintronics-ultra-fast-electronics-july-2025/) - Researchers have developed a method to electrically detect and control antiferromagnets at the micro-scale, a breakthrough that could fuel the development of next-generation, ultra-fast electronics and communications.
- [After a 100-year search, physicists finally observe a ‘lost’ thermoelectric effect](https://modernsciences.org/transverse-thomson-effect-thermoelectric-discovery-july-2025/) - For the first time, scientists have experimentally observed the long theorized transverse Thomson effect, discovering that a magnetic field can switch a material between heating and cooling.
- [Spear-nosed bat discovered in Mexico, a first for the country](https://modernsciences.org/spear-nosed-bat-discovery-mexico-july-2025/) - For the first time, researchers have documented the Greater Spear-nosed Bat in Mexico, extending its known range by 75 miles and sparking calls for its protection.
- [NASA's DART asteroid impact unleashed unexpected boulder swarm, study finds](https://modernsciences.org/dart-asteroid-impact-boulder-swarm-july-2025/) - A new study reveals that NASA's DART asteroid impact unleashed a massive barrage of boulders that carried more momentum than the spacecraft itself, complicating future planetary defense efforts.
- [Scientists turn CO2 into plastic using only water, electricity](https://modernsciences.org/scientists-turn-co2-into-plastic-july-2025/) - In a major sustainability breakthrough, researchers have developed a tandem system that utilizes electricity to convert carbon dioxide and water into high-performance plastic directly.
- [Study finds red-footed tortoises can experience moods](https://modernsciences.org/reptile-sentience-tortoise-mood-study-uk-july-2025/) - New research provides the first clear evidence that reptiles experience long-term mood states, a discovery that could reshape animal welfare laws and our understanding of sentience.
- [Neanderthal gene variant linked to reduced athletic performance in modern humans](https://modernsciences.org/neanderthal-gene-athletic-performance-july-2025/) - A gene variant inherited from Neanderthals produces a less efficient muscle enzyme, which may explain why some modern humans are less likely to become top-level athletes.
- [Study: Elephants use dozens of gestures intentionally](https://modernsciences.org/elephant-intentional-gestures-zimbabwe-july-2025/) - A new study provides the first evidence that African Savannah elephants use a wide range of deliberate and flexible gestures to communicate their specific goals to a human audience.
- [Obesity care: why “eat less, move more” advice is failing](https://modernsciences.org/obesity-care-uk-policy-stigma-structural-causes-nutrition-strategy-july-2025/) - Lucie Nield, University of Sheffield and Catherine Homer, Sheffield Hallam University For years, people living with obesity have been given the same basic advice: eat less, move more. But while this mantra may sound simple, it’s not only ineffective for many, it can be deeply misleading and damaging. Obesity is not just about willpower. It’s
- [3D-printed model of a 500-year-old prosthetic hand hints at life of a Renaissance amputee](https://modernsciences.org/3d-printed-renaissance-prosthetic-hand-kassel-model-history-reconstruction-july-2025/) - Heidi Hausse, Auburn University and Peden Jones, Auburn University To think about an artificial limb is to think about a person. It’s an object of touch and motion made to be used, one that attaches to the body and interacts with its user’s world. Historical artifacts of prosthetic limbs are far removed from this lived
- [This tropical plant builds isolated ‘apartments’ to prevent battles among the aggressive ant tenants it relies on for survival](https://modernsciences.org/tropical-ant-plant-symbiosis-squamellaria-mutualism-rainforest-compartments-july-2025/) - Guillaume Chomicki, Durham University and Susanne S. Renner, Washington University in St. Louis In the middle of the South Pacific, a group of Fijian plants have solved a problem that has long puzzled scientists: How can an organism cooperate with multiple partners that are in turn competing for the same resources? The solution turns out
- [AI is driving down the price of knowledge – universities have to rethink what they offer](https://modernsciences.org/ai-impact-universities-future-education-knowledge-economy-july-2025/) - Patrick Dodd, University of Auckland, Waipapa Taumata Rau For a long time, universities worked off a simple idea: knowledge was scarce. You paid for tuition, showed up to lectures, completed assignments and eventually earned a credential. That process did two things: it gave you access to knowledge that was hard to find elsewhere, and it
- [Bayeux tapestry set to return to the UK – in medieval times it was like an immersive art installation](https://modernsciences.org/bayeux-tapestry-immersive-medieval-art-uk-return-july-2025/) - Alexandra Makin, Manchester Metropolitan University The Bayeux tapestry is set to return to the UK for the first time in almost 1,000 years. One of the most important cultural artefacts in the world, it is to be displayed at the British Museum from September 2026. Its significance for history is unquestioned – but you may
- [AI in health care could save lives and money − but change won’t happen overnight](https://modernsciences.org/ai-in-health-care-benefits-challenges-and-adoption-july-2025/) - Turgay Ayer, Georgia Institute of Technology Imagine walking into your doctor’s office feeling sick – and rather than flipping through pages of your medical history or running tests that take days, your doctor instantly pulls together data from your health records, genetic profile and wearable devices to help decipher what’s wrong. This kind of rapid
- [What is rejection sensitive dysphoria in ADHD? And how can you manage it?](https://modernsciences.org/rejection-sensitive-dysphoria-adhd-emotional-regulation-coping-strategies-july-2025/) - Victoria Barclay-Timmis, University of Southern Queensland Imagine your friend hasn’t replied to a message in a few hours. Most people might think, “they are probably just busy”. But someone with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might spiral into a flood of thoughts like, “they must hate me!” or “I’ve ruined the friendship!” These intense emotional reactions
- [Moon mining is getting closer to reality: Why we need global rules for extracting space resources](https://modernsciences.org/moon-mining-space-resources-lunar-regolith-outer-space-treaty-july-2025/) - Martina Elia Vitoloni, McGill University In science-fiction stories, companies often mine the moon or asteroids. While this may seem far-fetched, this idea is edging closer to becoming reality. Celestial bodies like the moon contain valuable resources, such as lunar regolith — also known as moon dust — and helium-3. These resources could serve a range
- [Five unusual ways to make buildings greener (literally)](https://modernsciences.org/green-buildings-plant-covered-architecture-vertical-gardens-eco-design-july-2025/) - Paul Dobraszczyk, UCL Buildings adorned with plants are an increasingly familiar sight in cities worldwide. These “green walls” are generally created using metal frames that support plastic plates, onto which pre-grown plants are inserted. These plants are able to survive without soil because they’re sustained by nutrient-packed rolls of felt and artificial sprinklers. Some are
- [Experiencing extreme weather and disasters is not enough to change views on climate action, study shows](https://modernsciences.org/extreme-weather-climate-change-perception-policy-support-study-july-2025/) - Omid Ghasemi, UNSW Sydney Climate change has made extreme weather events such as bushfires and floods more frequent and more likely in recent years, and the trend is expected to continue. These events have led to human and animal deaths, harmed physical and mental health, and damaged properties and infrastructure. Will firsthand experience of these
- [The Sun Isn't Yellow. It's Green.](https://modernsciences.org/why-sun-is-green-not-yellow-july-2025/) - Answering the simple question of the sun's actual color reveals it's not yellow but green-peaked, a counterintuitive fact that led directly to Max Planck's quantum revolution.
- [The Scientist Who Discovered a Deadly Element in a Shed](https://modernsciences.org/marie-curie-discovery-radioactivity-july-2025/) - Defying a system that barred women from university, Marie Curie's investigation into a mysterious new energy led to the discovery of radioactivity and two new elements, making her the first woman ever to win a Nobel Prize.
- [You Have Billions of Shakespeare's Atoms Inside You](https://modernsciences.org/shakespeare-atoms-recycling-science-july-2025/) - An analysis of biogeochemical cycles reveals that due to the constant recycling of matter, every person on Earth contains hundreds of billions of atoms that were once part of William Shakespeare.
- [You Are a Fish (And You Never Left the Water)](https://modernsciences.org/vertebrate-evolution-water-land-transition-july-2025/) - The secret to conquering land wasn't learning to breathe air, but evolving a way to carry the ocean with you.
- [Study: Da Vinci's ‘Vitruvian Man’ secret is a hidden triangle](https://modernsciences.org/da-vinci-vitruvian-man-hidden-triangle-july-2025/) - A new study reveals that a hidden triangle in Leonardo da Vinci’s notes is the key to the ‘Vitruvian Man’s’ geometry, linking the Renaissance masterpiece to modern anatomical science.
- [Study: Rapa Nui’s ritual ideas flowed west, reversing trends](https://modernsciences.org/rapa-nui-cultural-ideas-flowed-west-polynesia-july-2025/) - New analysis of radiocarbon dates reveals that the idea for elaborate temple monuments originated on Rapa Nui and spread westward, challenging the long-held theory of the island's isolation.
- [French study: Math gender gap appears in 1st few school months](https://modernsciences.org/math-gender-gap-french-study-early-education-july-2025/) - At a Glance A massive study of over 2.5 million French children found that boys and girls enter first grade with virtually identical math skills, showing no initial gender disparity. After only four months of formal instruction, a statistically significant math gender gap favoring boys emerges and continues to grow throughout the elementary school years.
- [A cat’s catch leads scientists to discover new virus in Florida shrew](https://modernsciences.org/new-virus-discovery-florida-shrew-july-2025/) - A pet cat’s prey has led scientists to discover and genetically map a new strain of orthoreovirus in a Florida shrew.
- [Ancient rock art in Egypt reveals clues to pharaohs' rise](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-rock-art-egypt-pharaohs-rise-july-2025/) - A newly discovered rock engraving in Egypt depicting a royal boat procession is shedding light on how the first pharaohs consolidated power more than 5,000 years ago.
- [Chemists forge stable 20-electron molecule, defying a core rule](https://modernsciences.org/20-electron-molecule-breaks-chemistry-rule-july-2025/) - In a groundbreaking discovery, chemists have created a stable 20-electron version of a classic compound, upending a foundational rule of chemical stability and opening new possibilities for materials science.
- [Study: AI assisted in over 13% of 2024 science papers](https://modernsciences.org/ai-in-scientific-research-july-2025/) - An analysis of vocabulary trends in 15 million scientific abstracts suggests large language models have had an unprecedented impact on academic writing, influencing at least 13.5% of papers published in 2024.
- [Hunga eruption sparked record-setting undersea avalanches](https://modernsciences.org/hunga-eruption-undersea-avalanches-tonga-july-2025/) - Analysis of seafloor deposits reveals the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption triggered immense underwater currents that scoured the seabed more than 100 kilometers away, burying entire ecosystems in their path.
- [AI helps decipher lost Babylonian hymn praising ancient city](https://modernsciences.org/ai-deciphers-lost-babylonian-hymn-july-2025/) - At a Glance Researchers have unveiled a previously unknown Babylonian hymn, lost for thousands of years, that offers a unique and detailed glimpse into the splendor of the ancient city. An advanced artificial intelligence platform successfully identified and pieced together thirty manuscripts from scattered cuneiform fragments, a monumental task that would have otherwise taken many
- [Study charts 540 million years of rapid sea level change](https://modernsciences.org/sea-level-reconstruction-earth-history-july-2025/) - A breakthrough study quantifies 540 million years of rapid sea level fluctuations, revealing how ancient ice ages caused dramatic 100-meter shifts in Earth's coastlines.
- [The Viewpoint: NASA's ‘Curiosity’ Rover Discovers Key Organic Molecules on Mars](https://modernsciences.org/nasa-curiosity-rover-organic-molecules-mars-viewpoint-june-2025/) - NASA's Curiosity rover has made a groundbreaking discovery on Mars, finding key organic molecules in an ancient rock sample. These compounds are potential precursors to fatty acids—a fundamental building block for life—strengthening the case that the Red Planet may have once been habitable.
- [The Viewpoint: A century after its discovery, scientists capture first confirmed footage of a colossal squid in the deep](https://modernsciences.org/colossal-squid-first-footage-deep-sea-discovery-antarctic-exploration-viewpoint-june-2025/) - For the first time, scientists have captured confirmed footage of a colossal squid in its natural deep-sea habitat, a century after its discovery. This rare sighting of the planet's heaviest invertebrate, once only known from whale stomachs, provides an unprecedented glimpse into the life of this elusive deep-sea giant.
- [The Viewpoint: Study Suggests Time May Not Be Fixed, Could Flow in Both Directions](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-time-reversibility-time-flow-physics-viewpoint-june-2025/) - A provocative study published in Scientific Reports challenges our fundamental perception of time. Researchers suggest that at the quantum level, the "arrow of time" may not be fixed. Their findings indicate time could theoretically flow both forwards and backwards, opening new avenues for understanding one of the universe's deepest mysteries.
- [The Viewpoint: Researchers Develop Pollen-Replacing Diet to Sustain Honey Bees Year-Round](https://modernsciences.org/pollen-replacement-diet-bees-year-round-viewpoint-june-2025/) - Facing a global decline in honey bee populations due to nutritional stress, researchers have developed a groundbreaking, pollen-replacing diet. This complete artificial food source has been proven to sustain colonies year-round, offering new hope for beekeepers and the security of our food supply.
- [The Viewpoint: Genetic Study Shows Yellowstone Bison Now Form One Interbreeding Herd](https://modernsciences.org/yellowstone-bison-interbreeding-heritage-conservation-viewpoint-may-2025/) - A groundbreaking genetic study has confirmed a major conservation victory in Yellowstone. Previously separated into two distinct breeding groups, the park's iconic bison now function as a single, interbreeding herd, marking a significant milestone in their recovery from the brink of extinction.
- [The Viewpoint: Study Shows Handwriting Enhances Early Reading and Writing Skills Over Typing](https://modernsciences.org/https-modernsciences-org-handwriting-vs-typing-early-reading-writing-skills-viewpoint-may-2025/) - New research reveals that handwriting provides significant learning benefits over typing for young children. A study comparing 5- to 6-year-olds found that those who wrote by hand showed superior performance in letter recognition, word writing, and decoding. Discover why the physical act of writing is a powerful tool for building early literacy skills.
- [The Viewpoint: Life-size sculptures uncovered in Pompeii show that ancient women didn't just have to be wives to make a difference](https://modernsciences.org/pompeii-life-size-sculptures-women-ancient-rome-gender-roles-viewpoint-2025/) - A remarkable discovery outside Pompeii's city gates is challenging our view of ancient women. Newly unearthed life-size sculptures in a Roman tomb depict a man and a woman, but the details suggest she wasn't just a wife. Her attire points to a powerful role as a priestess, revealing a story of female status independent of marriage.
- [The Viewpoint: Four small planets discovered around one of the closest stars to Earth – an expert explains what we know](https://modernsciences.org/exoplanet-discovery-barnards-star-red-dwarf-habitable-zone-astronomy-research-viewpoint-april-2025/) - Astronomers have discovered a system of four small, rocky planets orbiting Barnard’s Star, one of the closest stars to Earth. Confirmed by two independent teams, this finding highlights how common planets are around red dwarf stars. Learn how scientists detected these "unseeable" worlds and what it means for the ongoing search for exoplanets.
- [Scientific norms shape the behavior of researchers working for the greater good](https://modernsciences.org/scientific-norms-ethics-research-integrity-public-trust-july-2025/) - Jeffrey A. Lee, Texas Tech University Over the past 400 years or so, a set of mostly unwritten guidelines has evolved for how science should be properly done. The assumption in the research community is that science advances most effectively when scientists conduct themselves in certain ways. The first person to write down these attitudes
- [Are chemicals to blame for cancer in young people? Here’s what the evidence says](https://modernsciences.org/are-chemicals-to-blame-for-cancer-in-young-people-heres-what-the-evidence-says/) - Sarah Diepstraten, WEHI (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research) and John (Eddie) La Marca, WEHI (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research) Cancer is traditionally known as a disease affecting mostly older people. But some worrying trends show cancer rates in younger people aged under 50 are on the rise. This week’s
- [What makes a good AI prompt? Here are 4 expert tips](https://modernsciences.org/ai-fluency-effective-prompts-chatgpt-productivity-tips-july-2025/) - Sandra Peter, University of Sydney and Kai Riemer, University of Sydney “And do you work well with AI?” As tools such as ChatGPT, Copilot and other generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems become part of everyday workflows, more companies are looking for employees who can answer “yes” to this question. In other words, people who can
- [A chance discovery of a 350 million-year-old fossil reveals a new type of ray-finned fish](https://modernsciences.org/blue-beach-ray-finned-fish-fossil-actinopterygian-evolution-july-2025/) - Conrad Daniel Mackenzie Wilson, Carleton University In 2015, two members of the Blue Beach Fossil Museum in Nova Scotia found a long, curved fossil jaw, bristling with teeth. Sonja Wood, the museum’s owner, and Chris Mansky, the museum’s curator, found the fossil in a creek after Wood had a hunch. The fossil they found belonged
- [Reduce, remove, reflect — the three Rs that could limit global warming](https://modernsciences.org/net-zero-carbon-removal-geoengineering-uk-climate-policy-july-2025/) - Dante McGrath, University of Cambridge Since 2019, the UK has been committed to the target of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Legally binding net zero targets form the basis for national efforts to meet the international goals of limiting global warming to “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and ideally to 1.5°C. These
- [A strange bright burst in space baffled astronomers for more than a year. Now, they’ve solved the mystery](https://modernsciences.org/fast-radio-burst-satellite-interference-askap-relay-2-discovery-july-2025/) - Clancy William James, Curtin University Around midday on June 13 last year, my colleagues and I were scanning the skies when we thought we had discovered a strange and exciting new object in space. Using a huge radio telescope, we spotted a blindingly fast flash of radio waves that appeared to be coming from somewhere
- [3D models confirm sharks obey a century-old biological law](https://modernsciences.org/sharks-biological-law-3d-models-july-2025/) - Using high-resolution 3D models, researchers have confirmed that 54 diverse shark species are all constrained by the same fundamental biological scaling law that governs body shape and function.
- [Scientists unveil a quantum generator of truly random numbers](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-random-number-generator-verified-july-2025/) - Researchers have developed a new type of random number generator that uses the inherent unpredictability of quantum physics and verifies its results with cutting-edge cryptography.
- [Study confirms slowing circulation is cooling the North Atlantic](https://modernsciences.org/slowing-circulation-cools-north-atlantic-july-2025/) - New research confirms that the mysterious "warming hole" in the North Atlantic is caused by a long-term slowdown of the ocean's critical conveyor-belt-like circulation system, a finding with significant implications for global climate.
- [Scientists flip quantum switch for terahertz-speed electronics](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-switch-terahertz-electronics-july-2025/) - Scientists have discovered a way to switch a quantum material between an insulator and a conductor on demand, a breakthrough that could lead to electronics 1,000 times faster.
- [Flipping an ancient genetic switch lets mice regrow ears](https://modernsciences.org/genetic-switch-unlocks-mouse-ear-regeneration-july-2025/) - By flipping an ancient genetic switch, scientists enabled mice to regrow lost ear tissue instead of forming scars, a discovery that could unlock dormant healing abilities in other mammals.
- [Scientists find ‘slow quakes’ act as both trigger and shock absorber](https://modernsciences.org/slow-quakes-japan-seismic-hazard-july-2025/) - New research reveals that mysterious “slow earthquakes” deep beneath the ocean can both release tectonic pressure harmlessly and trigger major seismic events dangerously.
- [Scientists 3D-print glass nanostructures with near-100% reflectance](https://modernsciences.org/3d-printed-glass-perfect-reflectance-july-2025/) - Using a newly developed resin and a high-precision printing process, researchers have fabricated nanoscale glass structures that achieve nearly perfect light reflectance, opening up new possibilities for the material in advanced optics.
- [Why cats sleep on their left side: It’s a brainy survival tactic](https://modernsciences.org/cat-sleep-brain-survival-tactic-july-2025/) - Researchers conclude that a cat’s preference for sleeping on its left side is a key survival strategy that primes its brain to respond to threats rapidly.
- [Scientists propose using magnets to ‘hear’ spacetime](https://modernsciences.org/dark-matter-magnets-detect-gravitational-waves-july-2025/) - Scientists have demonstrated how magnets from dark matter experiments can also serve as detectors for high-frequency gravitational waves, potentially revealing a new spectrum of cosmic signals.
- [New toothbrush-shaped ultrasound offers less invasive gum checkups](https://modernsciences.org/toothbrush-ultrasound-gum-checkup-july-2025/) - A new toothbrush-shaped ultrasound offers a less invasive and highly accurate alternative to traditional dental probes for monitoring gum health.
- [The Paradox That Seems to Violate Physics](https://modernsciences.org/braess-paradox-faster-traffic-july-2025/) - This puzzle, which seems to violate the laws of physics, explains why closing a road can make traffic move faster.
- [Playing Snake on a Screen Made of Water](https://modernsciences.org/playing-snake-water-screen-july-2025/) - In a stunning fusion of science and nostalgia, a creator built video games where the pixels are not on a screen—they are actual, controllable droplets of water.
- [3D Printing a Mathematical Mystery from Reddit](https://modernsciences.org/maths-trumpet-reddit-mystery-solved-july-2025/) - A six-year-old internet mystery is solved, revealing how the bizarre and beautiful "maths trumpet" is a 3D visualization of the multiple complex solutions to the equation (-2)^x.
- [Was Spinosaurus a Wader or a Swimmer?](https://modernsciences.org/spinosaurus-wader-or-swimmer-july-2025/) - New fossil evidence, from a crocodile-like snout to a massive paddle-shaped tail, has ignited a fierce debate over whether the giant predator Spinosaurus was a shoreline wader or a powerful underwater swimmer.
- [Why frequent nightmares may shorten your life by years](https://modernsciences.org/frequent-nightmares-sleep-health-aging-death-risk-cortisol-rem-therapy-july-2025/) - Timothy Hearn, Anglia Ruskin University Waking up from a nightmare can leave your heart pounding, but the effects may reach far beyond a restless night. Adults who suffer bad dreams every week were almost three times more likely to die before age 75 than people who rarely have them. This alarming conclusion – which is
- [Five surprising facts about AI chatbots that can help you make better use of them](https://modernsciences.org/ai-chatbots-how-chatgpt-works-facts-limitations-misinformation-reasoning-july-2025/) - Published: June 27, 2025 5.11pm BST Çağatay Yıldız, University of Tübingen AI chatbots have already become embedded into some people’s lives, but how many really know how they work? Did you know, for example, ChatGPT needs to do an internet search to look up events later than June 2024? Some of the most surprising information
- [Why white clothing is so widespread in sport – and a requirement at Wimbledon](https://modernsciences.org/wimbledon-white-dress-code-tennis-fashion-tradition-athlete-uniforms-july-2025/) - Roger Fagge, University of Warwick When Carlos Alcaraz beat Jannik Sinner at the Roland Garros men’s final on June 8 2025, in what is already seen as a classic match, there was some comment on the sartorial choices of the two players. They both wore Nike tops. Alcaraz’s was collarless, with horizontal blue bordered green
- [Earth is trapping much more heat than climate models forecast – and the rate has doubled in 20 years](https://modernsciences.org/earth-energy-imbalance-global-warming-ocean-heat-doubling-trend-july-2025/) - Steven Sherwood, UNSW Sydney; Benoit Meyssignac, Université de Toulouse, and Thorsten Mauritsen, Stockholm University How do you measure climate change? One way is by recording temperatures in different places over a long period of time. While this works well, natural variation can make it harder to see longer-term trends. But another approach can give us
- [The Viewpoint: How long can you stand on one leg? This simple test is the single clearest indicator of physical ageing](https://modernsciences.org/stand-on-one-leg-test-physical-ageing-viewpoint-july-2025/) - According to researchers, how long you can stand on one leg is the single clearest indicator of physical ageing and overall longevity.
- [The Viewpoint: Bridging the Gap: A Look at Transitional Fossils](https://modernsciences.org/examples-transitional-fossils-evolution-viewpoint-july-2025/) - Transitional fossils bridge the evolutionary gap between ancestral species and their descendants, offering a fascinating glimpse into how life on Earth has changed over millions of years.
- [Age of oldest known human footprints in Americas confirmed by new study](https://modernsciences.org/white-sands-footprints-age-confirmed-july-2025/) - By analyzing ancient mud, scientists have added a powerful new line of evidence confirming that humans walked in North America during the peak of the last ice age.
- [To build on Mars, scientists create self-sustaining 'living' material](https://modernsciences.org/build-mars-self-sustaining-living-material-july-2025/) - Scientists have developed a self-sustaining material derived from microbes that can transform Martian dust into concrete for constructing future habitats.
- [Scientists discover ‘hemifusome,’ a new cellular structure key to cell health](https://modernsciences.org/hemifusome-new-organelle-cellular-transport-july-2025/) - The discovery of a new cellular organelle, the "hemifusome," is reshaping our understanding of how cells manage internal cargo and could offer new insights into devastating genetic disorders.
- [Radio wave treatment makes beans, peas more digestible, study finds](https://modernsciences.org/radio-wave-treatment-beans-digestible-july-2025/) - A new method using radio waves—similar to a microwave—can make beans and peas more nutritious and easier to digest by creating a more porous internal structure.
- [Scientists develop surfaces that trick bacteria, thwarting deadly biofilms](https://modernsciences.org/surface-patterns-trick-bacteria-prevent-biofilms-july-2025/) - A breakthrough in material science reveals how microscopic surface textures can trick bacteria into self-lubricating, preventing the formation of dangerous biofilms on medical plastics.
- [Earth's 'heartbeat' is tearing Africa apart, study finds](https://modernsciences.org/geologic-heartbeat-africa-continental-split-july-2025/) - New research reveals that rhythmic surges of molten rock are acting like a geologic heartbeat, slowly splitting the African continent to form a new ocean.
- [Ancient leaf waxes reveal a wetter African past than dust records suggested](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-african-rainfall-leaf-waxes-july-2025/) - New evidence from ancient leaf waxes reveals that northern African summer rainfall remained stable even as the world plunged into an ice age, challenging a long-held view of the continent's climate history.
- [Infrared search for hidden ‘Planet Nine’ reveals two new candidates](https://modernsciences.org/infrared-search-planet-nine-candidates-july-2025/) - By searching for the faint heat signature of a hidden world, astronomers have identified two promising new candidates for the mysterious Planet Nine.
- [Study finds wild Galápagos tomatoes resurrecting ancient chemical defenses](https://modernsciences.org/galapagos-tomatoes-reverse-evolution-july-2025/) - New research reveals how a single enzyme acts as a molecular switch to create distinct chemical defenses in plants, such as tomatoes and eggplants, even driving evolution in reverse.
- [The Real Animals Behind 5 Famous Monsters](https://modernsciences.org/real-animals-behind-famous-monsters-july-2025/) - This video reveals how many of history’s most famous monsters are likely folk memories of real animals, including extinct megafauna and misinterpreted wildlife that our ancestors once encountered.
- [Is the Universe a Fluke? The Problem of Fine-Tuning](https://modernsciences.org/universe-fine-tuning-problem-multiverse-july-2025/) - Modern physics grapples with why the universe's fundamental constants appear "fine-tuned" for existence, suggesting either a radical new theory or the reality of a multiverse.
- [Why Physicists Built an Experiment the Size of a Sea](https://modernsciences.org/km3net-most-energetic-neutrino-discovery-july-2025/) - Deep beneath the Mediterranean, a massive neutrino detector has captured a particle so energetic it could rewrite our fundamental understanding of the cosmos.
- [The Simplest Math Problem No One Can Solve](https://modernsciences.org/goldbach-conjecture-unsolved-math-problem-july-2025/) - Delve into the 300-year-old quest to solve the Goldbach Conjecture, a deceptively simple problem about prime numbers that no one has been able to crack.
- [MIT researchers say using ChatGPT can rot your brain. The truth is a little more complicated](https://modernsciences.org/chatgpt-learning-cognitive-debt-mit-study-ai-education-july-2025/) - Vitomir Kovanovic, University of South Australia and Rebecca Marrone, University of South Australia Since ChatGPT appeared almost three years ago, the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on learning has been widely debated. Are they handy tools for personalised education, or gateways to academic dishonesty? Most importantly, there has been concern that using AI will
- [To spur the construction of affordable, resilient homes, the future is concrete](https://modernsciences.org/affordable-resilient-precast-concrete-homes-vs-wood-july-2025/) - Pablo Moyano Fernández, Washington University in St. Louis Wood is, by far, the most common material used in the U.S. for single-family home construction. But wood construction isn’t engineered for long-term durability, and it often underperforms, particularly in the face of increasingly common extreme weather events. In response to these challenges, I believe mass-produced concrete
- [Dopamine can make it hard to put down our phone or abandon the online shopping cart. Here’s why](https://modernsciences.org/dopamine-phone-addiction-compulsive-behavior-brain-chemistry-july-2025/) - Anastasia Hronis, University of Technology Sydney Ever find yourself unable to stop scrolling through your phone, chasing that next funny video or interesting post? Or maybe you’ve felt a rush of excitement when you achieve a goal, eat a delicious meal, or fill your online shopping cart. Why do some experiences feel so rewarding, while
- [How pterosaurs learned to fly: scientists have been looking in the wrong place to solve this mystery](https://modernsciences.org/pterosaur-evolution-flight-origins-triassic-fossils-lagerpetid-ancestor-research-july-2025/) - Davide Foffa, University of Birmingham; Alfio Alessandro Chiarenza, UCL, and Emma Dunne, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Ever since the first fragments of pterosaur bone surfaced nearly 250 years ago, palaeontologists have puzzled over one question: how did these close cousins of land-bound dinosaurs take to the air and evolve powered flight? The first flying vertebrates seemed to
- [Light-powered reactions could make the chemical manufacturing industry more energy-efficient](https://modernsciences.org/photoredox-catalysis-light-driven-chemical-manufacturing-green-chemistry-efficiency-july-2025/) - Arindam Sau, University of Colorado Boulder; Amreen Bains, Colorado State University, and Anna Wolff, Colorado State University Manufactured chemicals and materials are necessary for practically every aspect of daily life, from life-saving pharmaceuticals to plastics, fuels and fertilizers. Yet manufacturing these important chemicals comes at a steep energy cost. Many of these industrial chemicals are
- [The great coral reef relocation](https://modernsciences.org/coral-reef-relocation-climate-change-bleaching-restoration-survival-strategies-july-2025/) - Jack Marley, The Conversation Underwater cities. Rainforests of the sea. Bulwarks against the ocean’s fury and sponsors of its bounty. Canaries in the coal mine that show how rapidly the once mild global climate is changing. Tropical coral reefs encrust the coastlines of islands and continents near Earth’s equator but this zone, which has offered
- [Astronomy has a major data problem – simulating realistic images of the sky can help train algorithms](https://modernsciences.org/astronomical-image-simulation-photon-modeling-algorithm-training-rubin-observatory-big-data-july-2025/) - John Peterson, Purdue University Professional astronomers don’t make discoveries by looking through an eyepiece like you might with a backyard telescope. Instead, they collect digital images in massive cameras attached to large telescopes. Just as you might have an endless library of digital photos stored in your cellphone, many astronomers collect more photos than they
- [How do sleep trackers work, and are they worth it? A sleep scientist breaks it down](https://modernsciences.org/sleep-tracker-accuracy-wearable-tech-ppg-actigraphy-rem-detection-limitations-july-2025/) - Dean J. Miller, CQUniversity Australia Many smartwatches, fitness and wellness trackers now offer sleep tracking among their many functions. Wear your watch or ring to bed, and you’ll wake up to a detailed sleep report telling you not just how long you slept, but when each phase happened and whether you had a good night’s
- [Why Your Camera's Color Settings Are Backwards](https://modernsciences.org/color-temperature-paradox-explained-june-2025/) - The color temperature setting in a camera isn't designed to add color to your image; it's designed to compensate for the color of the light in your environment.
- [Should You Take Collagen, Ashwagandha, and Biotin? What Science Says](https://modernsciences.org/supplement-effectiveness-science-review-june-2025/) - A scientific investigation into seven popular supplements reveals a significant gap between marketing claims and what the research supports.
- [The Dinosaur Dilemma That Darwin Couldn’t Solve](https://modernsciences.org/the-dinosaur-dilemma-that-darwin-couldnt-solve/) - An ingenious experiment with chickens reveals the surprising evolutionary advantage of a "half wing" in non-flying dinosaurs, finally solving a puzzle that has stumped scientists since Darwin's time.
- [The Dinosaurs Too Big To Be Dinosaurs](https://modernsciences.org/sauropod-dinosaur-biology-june-2025/) - These sauropods were barely possible, seemingly existing only despite physics and persisting only thanks to some extreme evolutionary adaptations.
- [A 'printing press' for optics: Researchers create lenses that shift light's color](https://modernsciences.org/metalens-changes-light-color-lithium-niobate-june-2025/) - For the first time, researchers have created a single flat lens that can focus light to a sharp point and change its color, converting invisible infrared light into a visible beam.
- [Baboon travel lines shaped by friendship, not fear, study finds](https://modernsciences.org/baboon-travel-lines-friendship-study-june-2025/) - New research reveals that baboons travel in orderly lines not for strategic protection but simply to stay close to their friends.
- [Fingernail-sized spectrometer could bring lab-grade analysis to smartphones](https://modernsciences.org/miniature-spectrometer-metasurface-smartphones-june-2025/) - At a Glance KAIST researchers have created a high-resolution spectrometer smaller than a fingernail, pioneering a design that could integrate advanced light analysis into smartphones and other portable electronics. Conventional spectrometers rely on bulky prisms that separate light over distance, a design limitation that has long prevented their widespread use in everyday mobile technology. The
- [Scientists use quantum algorithm to simulate 8 billion light particles](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-simulation-proves-advantage-los-alamos-june-2025/) - A new study proves quantum computers have a distinct advantage in simulating complex optical systems, a task considered impossible for today's supercomputers.
- [Study: Vegetarians value personal power, achievement more than meat-eaters](https://modernsciences.org/vegetarian-psychology-power-achievement-june-2025/) - New research reveals that vegetarians are often driven more by a desire for personal achievement and nonconformity than by values of social harmony and tradition.
- [To advance quantum computing, 'we can't continue to copy and paste,' scientists warn](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-computing-barren-plateau-los-alamos-june-2025/) - A comprehensive new review explains the "barren plateau" phenomenon stalling quantum algorithms and calls for innovative, quantum-native approaches to overcome one of the field's most significant hurdles.
- [Physicist settles 120-year-old Einstein debate on a law of nature](https://modernsciences.org/einstein-debate-thermodynamics-law-proof-june-2025/) - A physicist has settled a historic debate involving Albert Einstein by proving that the third law of thermodynamics is a direct consequence of the second, reshaping our understanding of physics at absolute zero.
- [Fewer people, fewer species? Japan’s population decline linked to unexpected biodiversity loss](https://modernsciences.org/japan-depopulation-biodiversity-loss-june-2025/) - A groundbreaking study in Japan reveals a startling paradox: a shrinking human population is not healing nature but accelerating species loss in rural landscapes.
- [Scientists develop a 'prism for sound,' turning noise into an acoustic rainbow](https://modernsciences.org/acoustic-rainbow-passive-sound-manipulation-june-2025/) - Researchers have developed a novel device that splits a mix of sounds into its constituent frequencies, essentially creating an “acoustic rainbow.”
- [New research casts doubt on 'impossible' signals from Antarctica](https://modernsciences.org/research-doubts-impossible-antarctica-signals-june-2025/) - After a dedicated search found no evidence of exotic particles traveling through the planet, the mystery of Antarctica's "impossible" signals only deepens.
- [Measles cases are surging globally. Should children be vaccinated earlier?](https://modernsciences.org/measles-surge-global-early-child-vaccination-strategy-june-2025/) - Meru Sheel, University of Sydney and Anita Heywood, UNSW Sydney Measles has been rising globally in recent years. There were an estimated 10.3 million cases worldwide in 2023, a 20% increase from 2022. Outbreaks are being reported all over the world including in the United States, Europe and the Western Pacific region (which includes Australia).
- [We tracked 13,000 giants of the ocean over 30 years, to uncover their hidden highways](https://modernsciences.org/marine-megafauna-tracking-ocean-migration-highways-conservation-june-2025/) - Ana M. M. Sequeira, Australian National University Big animals of the ocean go about their days mostly hidden from view. Scientists know this marine megafauna – such as whales, sharks, seal, turtles and birds – travel vast distances to feed and breed. But almost a third are now at risk of extinction due largely to
- [Ice Age shelter high up in the Blue Mountains reveals Aboriginal heritage from 20,000 years ago](https://modernsciences.org/ice-age-aboriginal-shelter-blue-mountains-archaeology-australia-june-2025/) - Erin Wilkins, Indigenous Knowledge; Amy Mosig Way, University of Sydney; Leanne Watson, Indigenous Knowledge, and Wayne Brennan, University of Sydney Travel back 20,000 years into the last Ice Age, to a time when the upper reaches of the Blue Mountains were treeless and the ridgelines and mountain peaks laden in snow and ice. At an
- [What could have caused the Air India crash? An expert examines the proposed failure scenarios](https://modernsciences.org/air-india-crash-failure-scenarios-boeing-787-aviation-safety-june-2025/) - Ali Elham, University of Southampton The recent crash of an Air India Boeing 787 Dreamliner in Ahmedabad has prompted widespread discussion about potential causes. As an expert with a background in aircraft design, I would not attempt to speculate on the cause of the incident. We should wait for the crash investigators to carry out
- [As Antarctic sea ice shrinks, iconic emperor penguins are in more peril than we thought](https://modernsciences.org/emperor-penguins-sea-ice-loss-climate-impact-antarctica-peril-june-2025/) - Dana M Bergstrom, University of Wollongong When winter comes to Antarctica, seals and Adélie penguins leave the freezing shores and head for the edge of the forming sea ice. But emperor penguins stay put. The existence of emperor penguins seems all but impossible. Their lives revolve around seasons, timing and access to “fast ice” –
- [New dinosaur with rare skull helps fill sauropod evolutionary gap](https://modernsciences.org/new-dinosaur-skull-discovery-china-june-2025/) - Researchers in China have discovered a new species of long-necked dinosaur with a remarkably complete skull, providing key evidence about the evolution of sauropods.
- [Is black mould really as bad for us as we think? A toxicologist explains](https://modernsciences.org/black-mould-health-risks-toxicology-myths-indoor-air-quality-mycotoxins-june-2025/) - Ian Musgrave, University of Adelaide Mould in houses is unsightly and may cause unpleasant odours. More important though, mould has been linked to a range of health effects – especially triggering asthma. However, is mould exposure linked to a serious lung disease in children, unrelated to asthma? As we’ll see, this link may not be
- [X-rays have revealed a mysterious cosmic object never before seen in our galaxy](https://modernsciences.org/mysterious-cosmic-radio-object-xray-askap-j1832-discovery-milky-way-transient-galactic-signal-june-2025/) - Ziteng Wang, Curtin University In a new study published today in Nature, we report the discovery of a new long-period transient – and, for the first time, one that also emits regular bursts of X-rays. Long-period transients are a recently identified class of cosmic objects that emit bright flashes of radio waves every few minutes
- [Immortality at a price: how the promise of delaying death has become a consumer marketing bonanza](https://modernsciences.org/immortality-longevity-market-anti-ageing-biohacking-wellness-consumerism-elite-health-trend-june-2025/) - Amy Errmann, Auckland University of Technology Living forever has become the wellness and marketing trend of the 2020s. But cheating death – or at least delaying it – will come at a price. What was once the domain of scientists and the uber rich is increasingly becoming a consumer product. Those pushing the idea, spearheaded
- [Faces you hear? Dolphin ‘signature whistles’ may transmit more than just identity information](https://modernsciences.org/dolphin-signature-whistles-communication-identity-social-signals-marine-bioacoustics-noise-impact-june-2025/) - Ekaterina Ovsyanikova, The University of Queensland Like us humans, many animals rely on social interactions to survive and thrive. As a result, effective communication between individuals is essential. Highly social animals often have more complex communication systems. Think of a group of chimpanzees gesturing and vocalising at each other, or a family of elephants communicating
- [Marine fungi could help feed the world and fight disease](https://modernsciences.org/marine-fungi-food-security-antibiotics-sustainable-protein-biotech-seaweed-circular-economy-june-2025/) - Michael Cunliffe, University of Plymouth Fungi are nature’s recyclers and chemists, turning waste into useful products and creating an array of enzymes and compounds. By harnessing this potential through fungal biotechnology (using fungi to develop products and technologies for various applications), we can create sustainable materials, food and processes that help solve global challenges like
- [Fossils show colonies of reptiles lived communally 250 million years ago: new South African study](https://modernsciences.org/fossil-reptile-colonies-procolophon-burrows-south-africa-permian-extinction-gondwana-karoo-june-2025/)
- [Those ‘what I eat in a day’ TikTok videos aren’t helpful. They might even be harmful](https://modernsciences.org/what-i-eat-in-a-day-tiktok-diet-culture-eating-disorders-body-image-harmful-trends-june-2025/) - Catherine Houlihan, University of the Sunshine Coast You may have come across those “what I eat in a day” videos on social media, where people – usually conventionally attractive influencers wearing activewear – list everything they consumed that day. They might seem like harmless fun but in fact they can reinforce dangerous ideas about food,
- [Critical minerals don’t belong in landfills – microwave tech offers a cleaner way to reclaim them from e-waste](https://modernsciences.org/e-waste-microwave-recycling-critical-minerals-gallium-indium-tantalum-sustainable-tech-june-2025/) - Terence Musho, West Virginia University When the computer or phone you’re using right now blinks its last blink and you drop it off for recycling, do you know what happens? At the recycling center, powerful magnets will pull out steel. Spinning drums will toss aluminum into bins. Copper wires will get neatly bundled up for
- [How did sport become so popular? The ancient history of a modern obsession](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-sports-history-ball-games-greek-roman-athletics-sports-obsession-june-2025/) - Konstantine Panegyres, The University of Western Australia It’s almost impossible to go a day without seeing or hearing about sport. Walk around any city or town and you will almost always catch a glimpse of people playing sports in teams or participating solo. Turn on the TV or radio and you’ll be able to find
- [Windows are the No. 1 human threat to birds – an ecologist shares some simple steps to reduce collisions](https://modernsciences.org/bird-window-collisions-prevention-bird-safe-glass-conservation-tips-june-2025/) - Jason Hoeksema, University of Mississippi When wood thrushes arrive in northern Mississippi on their spring migration and begin to serenade my neighborhood with their ethereal, harmonized song, it’s one of the great joys of the season. It’s also a minor miracle. These small creatures have just flown more than 1,850 miles (3,000 kilometers), all the
- [A bottlenose dolphin? Or Tursiops truncatus? Why biologists give organisms those strange, unpronounceable names](https://modernsciences.org/scientific-names-taxonomy-binomial-nomenclature-species-classification-june-2025/) - Nicholas Green, Kennesaw State University Most people would call it a “field mouse,” but a scientist would ask, “Was it Peromyscus maniculatus? Or Peromyscus leucopus?” Scientists use a system of complicated-sounding names to refer to everyday creatures, a practice heavily lampooned in the Warner Bros. cartoons featuring the Road Runner and Wile E. Coyote –
- [Where is the center of the universe?](https://modernsciences.org/universe-expansion-no-center-general-relativity-cosmology-basics-june-2025/) - Rob Coyne, University of Rhode Island About a century ago, scientists were struggling to reconcile what seemed a contradiction in Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Published in 1915, and already widely accepted worldwide by physicists and mathematicians, the theory assumed the universe was static – unchanging, unmoving and immutable. In short, Einstein believed the
- [The 800-Page Proof That Took 30 Years to Write](https://modernsciences.org/geometric-langlands-conjecture-proof-june-2025/) - Inspired by how a symphony breaks down into pure notes, a landmark 30-year proof finally reveals a hidden structure that connects mathematics's vast and disparate worlds.
- [What If Reality Isn't Built from the Bottom Up?](https://modernsciences.org/hierarchy-problem-reductionism-physics-june-2025/) - A mysterious 17-order-of-magnitude gap at the foundation of reality challenges our most fundamental scientific principle: that big things are simply the sum of their smaller parts.
- [Who wrote the Bible? A new AI model offers statistical clues](https://modernsciences.org/ai-analyzes-bible-authorship-june-2025/) - A new AI tool reveals the linguistic fingerprints of the Bible’s anonymous authors, offering a robust, data-driven approach to solving one of history's oldest literary mysteries.
- [Physicists discover astatine-188, the heaviest known proton-emitting nucleus](https://modernsciences.org/astatine-188-heaviest-proton-emitter-discovery-june-2025/) - At a Glance An international team of physicists has discovered astatine-188 (188At), the heaviest known atomic nucleus that undergoes the rare decay process of proton emission. Researchers created this extremely short-lived isotope at the University of Jyväskylä by colliding a high-energy strontium-84 beam with a target made of natural silver. Analysis of the new nucleus
- [Toxic alligators serve as a warning for southeastern US ecosystems](https://modernsciences.org/alligator-mercury-hotspots-southeastern-us-june-2025/) - New research reveals that the place an alligator lives determines its toxic mercury load, with some populations carrying levels eight times higher than others.
- [Computer model charts Neanderthals' long-lost migration route to Siberia](https://modernsciences.org/neanderthal-migration-route-siberia-june-2025/) - Following ancient river valleys, Neanderthals migrated thousands of miles from Europe to Siberia during warm climatic periods, new computer simulations reveal.
- [A new spin on memory: Physicists find magnet that could slash computing energy use](https://modernsciences.org/p-wave-magnetism-spintronics-mit-june-2025/) - Researchers have demonstrated a new form of magnetism that can be switched with a small voltage, a key breakthrough for developing ultra-efficient spintronic memory.
- [In scientific first, researchers accidentally detect toxic industrial pollutant in Oklahoma air](https://modernsciences.org/toxic-pollutant-detection-oklahoma-june-2025/) - In a scientific first, researchers have accidentally performed the first real-time atmospheric measurements of a persistent and toxic industrial pollutant in the United States.
- [AI helps scientists clock spin of Milky Way's supermassive black hole](https://modernsciences.org/ai-clocks-milky-way-black-hole-spin-june-2025/) - By analyzing telescope data with a custom-built AI, scientists have discovered that the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way is spinning at nearly its maximum possible speed.
- [Wearable fitness trackers can make you seven times more likely to stick to your workouts – new research](https://modernsciences.org/wearable-fitness-trackers-exercise-adherence-digital-health-benefits-june-2025/) - Matthew Cocks, Liverpool John Moores University and Katie Hesketh, University of Birmingham The hardest part of any workout regime is sticking with it. Around half of those who start an exercise programme stop within six months. But our recent study found that using wearables (such as a smartwatch) not only makes people more likely to
- [AI overviews have transformed Google search. Here’s how they work – and how to opt out](https://modernsciences.org/google-ai-overviews-search-changes-seo-impact-opt-out-guide-june-2025/) - T.J. Thomson, RMIT University; Ashwin Nagappa, Queensland University of Technology, and Shir Weinbrand, Queensland University of Technology People turn to the internet to run billions of search queries each year. These range from keeping tabs on world events and celebrities to learning new words and getting DIY help. One of the most popular questions Australians
- [Oldest known human fingerprint discovered on ancient Neanderthal artwork – with help from Spain’s forensic police](https://modernsciences.org/neanderthal-art-fingerprint-symbolic-behavior-ochre-archaeology-spain-june-2025/) - David Álvarez Alonso, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Andrés Díez Herrero, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME - CSIC); María de Andrés-Herrero, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Miguel Angel Mate Gonzalez, Universidad de Salamanca A unique archaeological find has recently expanded our knowledge of Neanderthals’ capacity for symbolic thought. The object in question is a
- [Ancient fossils show how the last mass extinction forever scrambled the ocean’s biodiversity](https://modernsciences.org/cretaceous-mass-extinction-ocean-biodiversity-fossil-record-recovery-june-2025/) - Stewart Edie, Smithsonian Institution About 66 million years ago – perhaps on a downright unlucky day in May – an asteroid smashed into our planet. The fallout was immediate and severe. Evidence shows that about 70% of species went extinct in a geological instant, and not just those famous dinosaurs that once stalked the land.
- [Why the appendix is much more important than we once thought](https://modernsciences.org/appendix-function-gut-health-microbiome-immune-role-space-travel-june-2025/) - Ignacio López-Goñi, Universidad de Navarra You may have heard that astronauts have their appendix removed before leaving Earth. After all, people say you can live without this organ because it serves no purpose, but how much truth is there in this belief? Let’s start by locating it. The appendix is a small, finger-shaped pouch located
- [Laser mapping uncovers vast Indigenous farm network hidden in Michigan forest](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-indigenous-farm-michigan-june-2025/) - A surprisingly complex network of ancient farm fields hidden in a Michigan forest reveals a scale of Indigenous agriculture that challenges long-held ideas about pre-colonial societies.
- [How was the wheel invented? Computer simulations reveal the unlikely birth of a world-changing technology nearly 6,000 years ago](https://modernsciences.org/invention-of-the-wheel-ancient-transport-simulation-copper-age-origins-june-2025/) - Kai James, Georgia Institute of Technology Imagine you’re a copper miner in southeastern Europe in the year 3900 B.C.E. Day after day you haul copper ore through the mine’s sweltering tunnels. You’ve resigned yourself to the grueling monotony of mining life. Then one afternoon, you witness a fellow worker doing something remarkable. With an odd-looking
- [Why are sunsets so pretty in winter? There’s a simple explanation](https://modernsciences.org/why-winter-sunsets-are-so-vibrant-sunset-science-explained-june-2025/) - Chloe Wilkins, University of Newcastle If you live in the southern hemisphere and have been stopped in your tracks by a recent sunset, you may have noticed they seem more vibrant lately. The colours are brighter and bolder, and they linger longer in the sky. Why are sunsets “better” at some times of the year
- [Is air travel about to get greener? Our study shows how ‘coopetition’ is helping aircraft companies tackle sustainability](https://modernsciences.org/green-air-travel-coopetition-aircraft-sustainability-june-2025/) - Audrey Rouyre, Montpellier Business School; Anne-Sophie Fernandez, Université de Montpellier, and Olga Bruyaka, West Virginia University Although air transport contributes a small proportion to global greenhouse gas emissions (approximately 3.5%), the expected growth in traffic compels the industry to minimize its environmental footprint. The European Commission aims to have carbon neutrality in 2050. To help
- [A new observatory is assembling the most complete time-lapse record of the night sky ever](https://modernsciences.org/vera-rubin-observatory-lsst-night-sky-timelapse-astronomy-june-2025/) - Noelia Noël, University of Surrey On 23 June 2025, the world will get a look at the first images from one of the most powerful telescopes ever built: the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. Perched high in the Chilean Andes, the observatory will take hundreds of images of the southern hemisphere sky, every night for 10
- [Mussel power: how an offshore shellfish farm is boosting marine life](https://modernsciences.org/offshore-mussel-farming-marine-life-benefits-sustainable-aquaculture-june-2025/) - Emma Sheehan, University of Plymouth and Llucia Mascorda-Cabre, University of Plymouth Over the past 50 years, global aquaculture including fish, mussel and seaweed farms has grown dramatically. Almost half of the world’s wild-caught fish is used to produce fishmeal and oils that feed farmed fish. Mussel farming provides a more sustainable alternative protein source for
- [Is methylene blue really a brain booster? A pharmacologist explains the science](https://modernsciences.org/methylene-blue-brain-booster-cognitive-effects-safety-research-june-2025/) - Lorne J. Hofseth, University of South Carolina The internet is abuzz with tributes to a liquid chemical called methylene blue that is being sold as a health supplement. Over the past five or 10 years, methylene blue has come to be touted online as a so-called nootropic agent – a substance that enhances cognitive function.
- [The Strange Math of the Fourth Dimension](https://modernsciences.org/four-dimensional-topology-math-june-2025/) - In four-dimensional topology, familiar rules unravel—spaces can be the same in shape but not in smoothness, making this dimension uniquely bizarre and mathematically rich.
- [The Hidden Rule That Shapes All Life on Earth](https://modernsciences.org/chirality-origin-life-biology-june-2025/) - Life uses only one “hand” of its molecular building blocks—a mysterious asymmetry called homochirality that may hold clues to life’s origins and even the possibility of mirror life beyond Earth.
- [Rock art and tomb discoveries in Morocco reveal ancient connections to the wider world](https://modernsciences.org/morocco-rock-art-tomb-discoveries-ancient-north-africa-connections-june-2025/) - Hamza Benattia, Universitat de Barcelona When people think of ancient burials in North Africa, they often picture Egypt’s pyramids and monuments. But new discoveries show that north-western Africa also has a deep and fascinating prehistoric past. Morocco’s Tangier Peninsula is particularly interesting. The peninsula sits at Africa’s north-western edge, where the Mediterranean Sea meets the
- [Can a robot help you age better?](https://modernsciences.org/robotic-eldercare-aging-in-place-ai-support-june-2025/) - Daniele Magistro, Nottingham Trent University As more of us live longer, can robots help us maintain healthier, more independent and dignified lives? The robots I’ve been studying are friendly, helpful machines that can talk, remind, monitor – and even offer a form of companionship for older people. By 2050, the global population of adults aged
- [We design cities and buildings for earthquakes and floods — we need to do the same for wildfires](https://modernsciences.org/wildfire-resilient-cities-buildings-fire-smart-design-june-2025/) - Ramla Karim Qureshi, McMaster University We live in an age of increasing wildfire disasters because more of us are living in places where wildfires and human development collide. Right now, fast-moving wildfires are forcing mass evacuations and destroying homes across Manitoba, Saskatchewan and British Columbia, where entire communities are under threat. Despite the growing impacts
- [Ancient Maritime Network Uncovered in the Philippines: Evidence of 35,000-Year-Old Human Migration](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-maritime-migration-philippines-june-2025/) - New evidence from Mindoro reveals that early humans in the Philippines were expert seafarers over 35,000 years ago, linking distant island cultures through oceanic travel.
- [Why Bismuth Might Be the Future of Electronics](https://modernsciences.org/bismuth-electronics-quantum-properties-june-2025/) - Thin flakes of bismuth exhibit strange quantum behaviors without magnets or extreme cold, hinting at safer, cheaper paths to next-generation electronics.
- [The Ancient Red Panda Found in Tennessee](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-red-panda-fossil-pristinailurus-bristoli-tennessee-june-2025/) - A fossil-rich sinkhole in Tennessee preserved a 5-million-year-old red panda relative, revealing unexpected migration links between North America and Eurasia.
- [No One Can Throw a Perfect Football Spiral—Here’s Why](https://modernsciences.org/football-spiral-physics-tom-brady-throw-june-2025/) - Even elite quarterbacks can’t defy physics—subtle wobbles and directional drift in a spiral pass reflect deep aerodynamic principles at work.
- [How a Billion-Year-Old Rock Preserved Earth’s Earliest Life](https://modernsciences.org/franklin-marble-earliest-life-preservation-june-2025/) - A billion-year-old rock called Franklin Marble preserves evidence of ancient microbial life and reveals how tectonic forces transformed seafloor sediments into part of the Appalachian Mountains.
- [Fishing Practices Linked to 800-Kilometer Shift in Herring Spawning Grounds](https://modernsciences.org/herring-migration-shift-fishing-practices-june-2025/) - A study reveals that overfishing of older herring has disrupted generational knowledge, causing Norwegian herring to shift their migration route by 800 kilometers north.
- [Study Finds Common California Fish Carry Parasites That Can Infect Humans](https://modernsciences.org/california-fish-parasites-human-risk-june-2025/) - A study finds that nearly all common freshwater fish in Southern California carry parasitic worms that can infect humans, especially if the fish are eaten raw or undercooked.
- [Fossil Analysis Shows Early Vertebrate ‘Teeth’ Were Actually Sensory Organs](https://modernsciences.org/early-vertebrate-teeth-sensory-organs-june-2025/) - New fossil analysis reveals that structures once believed to be early vertebrate teeth were actually sensory organs, reshaping our understanding of how teeth and sensory systems evolved.
- [Archaeologists Uncover Evidence of Ancient Human Life on the Isle of Skye During the Ice Age](https://modernsciences.org/ice-age-human-life-isle-of-skye-june-2025/) - Stone tools uncovered on Scotland’s Isle of Skye reveal that Ice Age humans reached farther north than previously believed, showing remarkable adaptability to glacial climates during the Younger Dryas.
- [New Study Challenges the Role of Ancient Protein Motifs in the Evolution of Life](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-protein-motifs-evolution-life-june-2025/) - New research shows that the Walker A motif may not have been the foundational building block of early proteins, challenging long-held views on the molecular origins of life and protein evolution.
- [Satellite Data Confirms Seismic Signals Linked to Giant Waves in Greenland Fjord](https://modernsciences.org/greenland-fjord-seismic-signals-giant-waves-june-2025/) - Satellite data has confirmed that mysterious global seismic signals were caused by seiche waves from landslide-triggered tsunamis in a Greenland fjord, linking surface water motion to deep-Earth vibrations for the first time.
- [New Study Reveals Monsoon Rainfall's Surprising 'Memory' Could Predict Climate Shifts](https://modernsciences.org/monsoon-rainfall-memory-climate-shifts-june-2025/) - A new study shows monsoon rainfall behaves like a switch with “memory,” where accumulated moisture triggers abrupt seasonal transitions—offering new clues for predicting climate shifts and extreme weather.
- [New Data from James Webb Space Telescope Settles Disagreement on Universe's Expansion Rate](https://modernsciences.org/gravitational-waves-black-holes-simulation-june-2025/) - New simulations reveal that black holes absorb most gravitational wave energy, with only up to 20% scattering back, offering fresh insights into how spacetime resists deformation.
- [New Data from James Webb Space Telescope Settles Disagreement on Universe's Expansion Rate](https://modernsciences.org/webb-space-telescope-universe-expansion-rate-settlement-june-2025/) - New Webb data finds that the universe’s expansion rate matches earlier predictions, easing tensions over conflicting measurements and reinforcing the current Standard Model of cosmology.
- [Will surging sea levels kill the Great Barrier Reef? Ancient coral fossils may hold the answer](https://modernsciences.org/sea-level-rise-great-barrier-reef-coral-fossils-climate-impact-june-2025/) - Jody Webster, University of Sydney; Juan Carlos Braga, Universidad de Granada; Marc Humblet, Nagoya University; Stewart Fallon, Australian National University, and Yusuke Yokoyama, University of Tokyo In the 20th century, global sea level rose faster than at any other time in the past 3,000 years. It’s expected to rise even further by 2100, as human-induced
- [The pursuit of eternal youth goes back centuries. Modern cosmetic surgery is turning it into a reality – for rich people](https://modernsciences.org/eternal-youth-cosmetic-surgery-wealth-inequality-beauty-culture-june-2025/) - Margaret Gibson, Griffith University Kris Jenner’s “new” face sparked myriad headlines about how she can look so good at 69 years old. While she’s not confirmed what sort of procedures she’s undergone, speculation abounds. As a US reality TV personality, socialite and Kardashian matriarch, Jenner has long curated her on-screen identity. Her fame and fortune
- [How physicists used antimatter, supercomputers and giant magnets to solve a 20-year-old mystery](https://modernsciences.org/muon-g-2-muon-magnetism-antimatter-dark-matter-fermilab-physics-mystery-june-2025/) - Finn Stokes, University of Adelaide Physicists are always searching for new theories to improve our understanding of the universe and resolve big unanswered questions. But there’s a problem. How do you search for undiscovered forces or particles when you don’t know what they look like? Take dark matter. We see signs of this mysterious cosmic
- [What if the Big Bang wasn’t the beginning? Our research suggests it may have taken place inside a black hole](https://modernsciences.org/big-bang-black-hole-universe-cosmic-origins-quantum-gravity-june-2025/) - Enrique Gaztanaga, University of Portsmouth The Big Bang is often described as the explosive birth of the universe – a singular moment when space, time and matter sprang into existence. But what if this was not the beginning at all? What if our universe emerged from something else – something more familiar and radical at
- [Fruit peels could help power your smartphone’s camera flash – here’s how](https://modernsciences.org/fruit-peel-supercapacitors-energy-storage-smartphone-flash-june-2025/) - Vianney Ngoyi Kitenge, iThemba LABS Imagine turning fruit waste into technology that stores electricity. This would reduce food waste and promote clean energy storage. Postdoctoral researcher Vianney Ngoyi Kitenge transformed mangosteen peels into specialised carbon materials that he used to make supercapacitor energy storage cells. He came up with a simplified way to do this,
- [How Forests Can Save Us—If We Let Them](https://modernsciences.org/forest-restoration-strategies-climate-change-solutions-june-2025/) - Forest restoration strategies—from doing nothing to strategic replanting—are being tested to find the most effective path for climate resilience and carbon recovery.
- [Why Indonesia’s Tri-Colored Lakes Keep Changing](https://modernsciences.org/kelimutu-tri-colored-lakes-changing-colors-indonesia-june-2025/) - Indonesia’s Kelimutu volcano hosts three crater lakes that change colors due to shifting volcanic gases, mineral content, and rainfall-driven chemical reactions.
- [How Archaeologists Reconstructed the World's Oldest Board Games](https://modernsciences.org/worlds-oldest-board-games-archaeological-reconstruction-june-2025/) - Archaeologists are using AI, artifacts, and historical texts to reconstruct the rules of ancient board games like Senet and the Royal Game of Ur.
- [What If Dark Energy Is Changing? The Universe May Be Telling Us So](https://modernsciences.org/changing-dark-energy-desi-dark-energy-findings-june-2025/) - New data from DESI hints that dark energy may weaken over time, challenging the long-held assumption that it is constant across the universe.
- [Yale Study Explores Powerful Potential of Higher-Dimensional ‘Qudits’ in Quantum Computing](https://modernsciences.org/qudit-quantum-computing-yale-study-june-2025/) - Yale researchers achieve the first error correction for higher-dimensional quantum systems, using qutrits and ququarts to push beyond traditional qubit limits.
- [Newly Discovered Archaeopteryx Fossil Reveals Key Clues About the Evolution of Flight](https://modernsciences.org/archaeopteryx-fossil-discovery-evolution-flight-june-2025/) - A newly analyzed Archaeopteryx fossil reveals specialized wing feathers and cranial features that deepen our understanding of early bird flight evolution.
- [New Fossil Discovery Sheds Light on Early Arthropods' Adaptations in Ancient Oceans](https://modernsciences.org/mosura-fentoni-fossil-early-arthropod-adaptations-june-2025/) - A newly discovered Cambrian predator, Mosura fentoni, reveals advanced respiratory adaptations and segmented anatomy in early arthropods.
- [Plant-Based Extracts Show Promise in Removing Microplastics from Water, Study Finds](https://modernsciences.org/plant-based-extracts-microplastics-water-june-2025/) - Natural extracts from okra and fenugreek effectively trap and remove microplastics from water, offering a safer, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic treatment methods.
- [New Nanoparticle Technology Enables Remote Control of Gene Expression in Living Organisms](https://modernsciences.org/remote-gene-expression-control-nanoparticle-technology-june-2025/) - Scientists have developed magnetically responsive nanoparticles that remotely trigger gene expression, offering a non-invasive way to control protein production like insulin in living organisms.
- [Ancient Rattles Unearthed in Syria Offer Glimpse into Early Bronze Age Childhood](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-rattles-syria-early-bronze-age-childhood-june-2025/) - Clay rattles discovered in ancient Syrian homes reveal how Early Bronze Age families soothed and entertained children amid shifting household and population dynamics.
- [Researchers Find Evidence of Core-Mantle Interaction in Hawaii’s Volcanic Rocks](https://modernsciences.org/core-mantle-interaction-hawaii-volcanic-rocks-june-2025/) - Scientists have detected core-derived ruthenium in Hawaiian lava, revealing that Earth’s core may leak precious metals into the mantle and up to the surface.
- [Chimpanzees Use Stones to Communicate in West Africa, Study Finds](https://modernsciences.org/chimpanzees-stone-communication-west-africa-june-2025/) - Chimpanzees in West Africa are using stones to drum on trees, creating loud sounds that may serve as cultural tools for long-distance communication.
- [New Contact Lenses Enable Humans and Mice to See Invisible Infrared Light](https://modernsciences.org/infrared-contact-lenses-vision-breakthrough-june-2025/) - Engineered contact lenses embedded with special nanoparticles allow humans and mice to see infrared light, converting invisible wavelengths into visible colors without external power.
- [Archaeologists Discover Gobi Wall’s Strategic Use Beyond Defense in Medieval Mongolia](https://modernsciences.org/gobi-wall-archaeology-strategic-use-june-2025/) - New research reveals Mongolia’s Gobi Wall was more than a military barrier—it also managed trade, resources, and imperial control across a harsh desert frontier.
- [Urban rewilding has brought back beavers, hornbills and platypuses to city parks – and that’s just the start](https://modernsciences.org/urban-rewilding-beavers-hornbills-platypuses-city-parks-june-2025/) - Patrick Finnerty, University of Sydney and Thomas Newsome, University of Sydney By 2050, almost 70% of the world’s population will live in cities – 20% more than today. As cities expand, the natural world around them contracts. Species decline faster in and around cities than almost anywhere else. But what if cities could become part
- [‘Manu jumping’: The physics behind making humongous splashes in the pool](https://modernsciences.org/manu-jumping-physics-water-splash-fluid-dynamics-june-2025/) - Pankaj Rohilla, Georgia Institute of Technology and Daehyun Choi, Georgia Institute of Technology Whether diving off docks, cannonballing into lakes or leaping off the high board, there’s nothing quite like the joy of jumping into water. Olympic divers turned this natural act into a sophisticated science, with the goal of making a splash as small
- [How can I improve my running? 5 top tips for every runner, from a biomechanics expert](https://modernsciences.org/improve-running-technique-biology-injury-prevention-top-tips-june-2025/) - Anthony Blazevich, Edith Cowan University Humans and our ancestors have been running for millions of years. Back then, it helped us capture – or avoid becoming – prey. Now, we do it to keep fit, boost mental health, unwind in nature, or play our favourite sport. But while many of us were taught how to
- [Earth is heading for 2.7°C warming this century. We may avoid the worst climate scenarios – but the outlook is still dire](https://modernsciences.org/earth-climate-outlook-2-7c-warming-paris-agreement-emissions-june-2025/) - Sven Teske, University of Technology Sydney Is climate action a lost cause? The United States is withdrawing from the Paris Agreement for the second time, while heat records over land and sea have toppled and extreme weather events have multiplied. In late 2015, nations agreed through the Paris Agreement to try to hold warming well
- [Ancient pollen reveals stories about Earth’s history, from the asteroid strike that killed the dinosaurs to the Mayan collapse](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-pollen-climate-history-asteroid-impact-mayan-collapse-june-2025/) - Francisca Oboh-Ikuenobe, Missouri University of Science and Technology and Linus Victor Anyanna, Missouri University of Science and Technology If pollen allergies are getting to you, you are not alone. Every year, plants release billions of pollen grains into the air, specks of male reproductive material that many of us notice only when we get watery
- [AI is now used for audio description. But it should be accurate and actually useful for people with low vision](https://modernsciences.org/ai-audio-description-accessibility-low-vision-accuracy-may-2025/) - Kathryn Locke, Curtin University and Tama Leaver, Curtin University Since the recent explosion of widely available generative artificial intelligence (AI), it now seems that a new AI tool emerges every week. With varying success, AI offers solutions for productivity, creativity, research, and also accessibility: making products, services and other content more usable for people with
- [A not-so-modern epidemic: what 17th-century nuns can teach us about coping with loneliness](https://modernsciences.org/17th-century-nuns-loneliness-coping-history-may-2025/) - Claire Walker, University of Adelaide Is loneliness a modern epidemic as we are so often told? Did people in the past suffer similar feelings of isolation? The word “loneliness” was not common before the 19th century. Cultural historian Fay Bound Alberti argues it was rarely used before 1800. This does not mean people didn’t feel
- [Space tourism’s growth blurs the line between scientific and symbolic achievement – a tourism scholar explains how](https://modernsciences.org/space-tourism-growth-scientific-symbolic-achievement-may-2025/) - Betsy Pudliner, University of Wisconsin-Stout On April 14, 2025, Blue Origin launched six women – Aisha Bowe, Amanda Nguyễn, Gayle King, Katy Perry, Kerianne Flynn and Lauren Sánchez – on a suborbital journey to the edge of space. The headlines called it a historic moment for women in space. But as a tourism educator, I
- [Rethinking engineering education: Why focusing on learning preferences matters for diversity](https://modernsciences.org/inclusive-engineering-education-learning-preferences-stem-diversity-may-2025/) - Sharon Tettegah, University of California, Santa Barbara For decades, colleges, government agencies and foundations have experimented with recruitment and retention efforts designed to increase diversity in engineering programs. However, the efforts have not significantly boosted the number of women, students of color, individuals with disabilities and other underrepresented groups studying and earning degrees in STEM
- [‘Perfect bodies and perfect lives’: how selfie-editing tools are distorting how young people see themselves](https://modernsciences.org/selfie-editing-apps-ai-beauty-standards-youth-mental-health-may-2025/) - Julia Coffey, University of Newcastle Like many of her peers, Abigail (21) takes a lot of selfies, tweaks them with purpose-made apps, and posts them on social media. But, she says, the selfie-editing apps do more than they were designed for: You look at that idealised version of yourself and you just want it –
- [From furry friends to fish, turning up the heat helps animals fight germs − how Mother Nature’s cure offers humans a lesson on fever](https://modernsciences.org/lithium-carbon-dioxide-batteries-co2-capture-energy-storage-may-2025-2/) - Phil Starks, Tufts University and Harry Bernheim, Tufts University Why do people get fevers when we get sick? It’s a common misconception that pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2 or the flu, cause fevers. But as biology professors, we know it’s not that simple. Pathogens cause fevers only indirectly. When your immune system detects harmful microbes, your
- [Batteries that absorb carbon emissions move a step closer to reality – new study](https://modernsciences.org/lithium-carbon-dioxide-batteries-co2-capture-energy-storage-may-2025/) - Daniel Commandeur, University of Surrey; Mahsa Masoudi, University of Surrey, and Siddharth Gadkari, University of Surrey What if there were a battery that could release energy while trapping carbon dioxide? This isn’t science fiction; it’s the promise of lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO₂) batteries, which are currently a hot research topic. Lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO₂) batteries could be
- [In what order did the planets in our solar system form?](https://modernsciences.org/planet-formation-order-solar-system-timeline-jupiter-earth-nebula-theory-may-2025/) - Christopher Palma, Penn State and Lucas Brefka, Penn State Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. Are planets in the solar system that are closer to the Sun older than the ones further away? – Gavriel, age
- [Fusion Breakthrough: Researchers Unveil 100× More Powerful, Cost-Effective Energy Source](https://modernsciences.org/fusion-energy-breakthrough-100x-power-cost-effective-source-may-2025/) - Scientists have developed a fusion reactor design that’s 100 times more powerful and half as costly to operate—bringing clean, limitless energy a significant step closer.
- [Antarctica's Volcanic Threat: What Melting Ice Could Awaken](https://modernsciences.org/antarctica-volcanic-threat-melting-ice-june-2025/) - Melting ice in Antarctica may awaken long-dormant volcanoes, creating a feedback loop that accelerates worldwide ice loss and sea level rise.
- [Whatever Happened to Acid Rain? The 1980s Crisis We Actually Solved](https://modernsciences.org/acid-rain-history-1980s-crisis-solved-june-2025/) - Acid rain has not disappeared—it declined because of coordinated action, offering a rare environmental success story that still needs vigilance to maintain.
- [Why Complex Life May Be a Cosmic Fluke](https://modernsciences.org/complex-life-cosmic-fluke-may-2025/) - Complex life may be vanishingly rare because eukaryotic cells—life’s energy-rich foundation—emerged only once in Earth’s history.
- [Why Darwin Spent 40 Years Studying Worms](https://modernsciences.org/darwin-worm-study-40-years-may-2025/) - Darwin’s decades-long study of worms revealed their powerful role in shaping ecosystems—insights that helped explain evolution’s grandest transformations.
- [Blood Droplet Size and Tilt Impact Forensic Bloodstain Patterns, New Study Shows](https://modernsciences.org/blood-droplet-size-tilt-impact-forensic-patterns-june-2025/) - New research shows that blood droplet size and surface tilt significantly affect drying patterns, offering crucial insights for forensic bloodstain analysis.
- [James Webb Telescope Reveals Signs of Supermassive Black Hole in M83 Galaxy](https://modernsciences.org/james-webb-telescope-supermassive-black-hole-m83-galaxy-june-2025/) - The presence of highly ionized gas is a strong indicator of an AGN, which requires massive amounts of energy—far more than can be produced by normal stars. Until now, it was believed that if a supermassive black hole existed in M83, it might be dormant or obscured by thick dust. However, JWST's unprecedented sensitivity and
- [Liana Overgrowth Threatens Tropical Forests, Reducing Carbon Storage and Biodiversity](https://modernsciences.org/liana-overgrowth-tropical-forests-carbon-storage-biodiversity-may-2025/) - Woody vines called lianas are rapidly overtaking tropical forests, reducing biodiversity and slashing carbon storage by up to 95%.
- [Prehistoric Tegu Lizards Found in North America: New Species Uncovered in 15-Million-Year-Old Fossil](https://modernsciences.org/prehistoric-tegu-lizards-north-america-new-species-may-2025/) - A 15-million-year-old vertebra fossil reveals that tegu lizards once naturally roamed North America during a prehistoric warm spell.
- [Research Reveals Puff Adders’ Role in Eco-Friendly Rodent Management for Farmers](https://modernsciences.org/puff-adders-role-eco-friendly-rodent-management-may-2025/) - Puff adders can boost their food intake over 12-fold during rodent outbreaks, making them highly effective natural pest controllers for African farmers.
- [Viking Age Sailors Relied on Decentralized Network of Island Ports, New Study Shows](https://modernsciences.org/viking-age-sailors-decentralized-island-ports-may-2025/) - A new study reveals that Viking sailors relied heavily on small, decentralized island ports for rest and resupply, reshaping our understanding of their seafaring routes.
- [Study Reveals Bullfrog Removal Boosts Recovery of Native Pond Turtle Populations in Yosemite](https://modernsciences.org/bullfrog-removal-turtle-recovery-yosemite-may-2025/) - A new long-term study finds that removing invasive bullfrogs from Yosemite has led to a rebound in native northwestern pond turtle populations, especially among juveniles.
- [New Imaging Technique Reveals How Living Organisms Emit Invisible Light to Indicate Vitality](https://modernsciences.org/ultraweak-photon-emission-living-organisms-vitality-indicator-may-2025/) - A new imaging technique reveals that all living organisms emit ultraweak photon emission (UPE), a faint light linked to cellular vitality and stress responses. This offers the potential for noninvasive health monitoring.
- [New Study Reveals the Strongest Solar Storm Ever Recorded, Occurring 14,300 Years Ago](https://modernsciences.org/strongest-solar-storm-recorded-14300-years-ago-may-2025/) - Scientists have identified the strongest solar storm in Earth’s history—dating back 14,300 years—using tree ring radiocarbon spikes and advanced Ice Age climate modeling.
- [Jupiter Was Twice as Large in Its Early Days, New Study Finds](https://modernsciences.org/jupiter-early-size-evolution-may-2025/) - Jupiter may have once been twice its current size, with findings from its inner moons revealing a giant planet that shaped the early Solar System more dramatically than previously thought.
- [Some recipes date back to ancient Rome: French toast, foie gras … and braised flamingo](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-roman-recipes-french-toast-foie-gras-braised-flamingo-may-2025/) - Christopher D Parkinson, The University of Melbourne Ancient Rome is often seen as synonymous with culinary excess. Images of exotic – even orgiastic – feasts perpetuate its reputation for strangeness and decadence. It may come as no surprise, therefore, that one of the world’s oldest surviving cookbooks, De Re Coquinaria (“On the Topic of Cooking”)
- [Touching Two Continents: The Hidden Cost of Diving at Silfra Fissure](https://modernsciences.org/silfra-fissure-diving-tectonic-tourism-costs-may-2025/) - A dive between tectonic plates may be thrilling, but scientists warn it comes at a hidden ecological cost. As tourism grows, Silfra’s fragile microbial ecosystem is quietly vanishing.
- [The Hidden Math Inside Your Coffee Cup](https://modernsciences.org/coffee-cup-caustics-light-patterns-math-may-2025/) - The captivating light patterns, known as caustics, that appear in a coffee cup result from intriguing mathematical principles. These shapes, sometimes reminiscent of hearts or other familiar forms, arise from light reflecting off the curved interior of the mug. Examining ray tracing and parametric equations makes it clear that these curves are mathematically related to
- [Four lifestyle habits that might just help you live to 100](https://modernsciences.org/lifestyle-habits-for-longevity-live-to-100-tips-may-2025/) - Bradley Elliott, University of Westminster A 115-year-old Surrey woman named Ethel Caterham has officially been handed the title of the oldest living human alive. Many people reading this news may wonder what Caterham’s secret is. While it isn’t usually a good idea to take health and longevity advice from supercentenarians (as they’re often the exception
- [Antarctica has a huge, completely hidden mountain range. New data reveals its birth over 500 million years ago](https://modernsciences.org/antarctica-hidden-mountains-gamburtsev-subglacial-tectonics-may-2025/) - Jacqueline Halpin, University of Tasmania and Nathan R. Daczko, Macquarie University Have you ever imagined what Antarctica looks like beneath its thick blanket of ice? Hidden below are rugged mountains, valleys, hills and plains. Some peaks, like the towering Transantarctic Mountains, rise above the ice. But others, like the mysterious and ancient Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains
- [Nature’s Ozempic: What and how you eat can increase levels of GLP-1 without drugs](https://modernsciences.org/natural-glp-1-boosters-weight-loss-dietary-strategies-semiglutide-alternatives-may-2025/) - Mary J. Scourboutakos, University of Toronto Despite the popularity of semaglutide drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy for weight loss, surveys suggest that most people still prefer to lose weight without using medications. For those preferring a drug-free approach to weight loss, research shows that certain nutrients and dietary strategies can naturally mimic the effects of
- [Quantum computers could crack the security codes used by satellites](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-computers-satellite-security-post-quantum-encryption-threats-may-2025/) - Panagiotis (Panos) Vlachos, Queen's University Belfast Satellites are the invisible backbone of modern life. They guide airplanes, help us find our way with GPS, deliver TV and internet, and even help emergency services respond to disasters. But a new kind of computer – quantum computers – could put all of this at risk. Quantum computers
- [Comet, rocket, space junk or meteor? Here’s how to tell your fireballs apart](https://modernsciences.org/cretaceous-australia-polar-dinosaurs-fossil-plant-evolution-may-2025/) - Michael J. I. Brown, Monash University There’s a blaze of light across the sky! A fireball is seen by thousands, and mobile phone and dashcam footage soon appears on social media. But what have people just seen? A mix of social media hashtags suggests confusion about what has streaked overhead. Was it a Soviet Venus
- [Forest home of ‘polar dinosaurs’ 120 million years ago in southern Australia recreated in detail for the first time](https://modernsciences.org/polar-dinosaurs-australia-cretaceous-forest-reconstruction-may-2025/) - Vera Korasidis, The University of Melbourne Roughly 140 million to 100 million years ago, the piece of land that is modern day Australia was located much further south on Earth. In fact, what is now Victoria was once within the polar circle, up to 80 degrees south of the equator and shrouded in darkness for
- [Why collect asteroid samples? 4 essential reads on what these tiny bits of space rock can tell scientists](https://modernsciences.org/asteroid-sample-return-missions-bennu-ryugu-scientific-insights-may-2025/) - Mary Magnuson, The Conversation China’s Tianwen-2 asteroid sample return mission is set to launch this month, May 2025, en route to the asteroid Kamoʻoalewa (2016 HO3). The country could join the United States and Japan, whose space agencies have both successfully retrieved a sample from an asteroid to study back on Earth. Several space missions
- [Why spring 2025 is so dry](https://modernsciences.org/uk-drought-2025-spring-rainfall-jet-stream-climate-change-may-2025/) - Jack Marley, The Conversation April showers bring May flowers according to an old English saying. This phrase, which might have originated in a verse written by poet Thomas Tusser in 1557, harks back to a time when most people depended on rough rules that were borne of practical experience to know when to plant crops.
- [Australian researchers use a quantum computer to simulate how real molecules behave](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-computer-simulates-molecular-behavior-chemistry-may-2025/) - Ivan Kassal, University of Sydney and Tingrei Tan, University of Sydney When a molecule absorbs light, it undergoes a whirlwind of quantum-mechanical transformations. Electrons jump between energy levels, atoms vibrate, and chemical bonds shift — all within millionths of a billionth of a second. These processes underpin everything from photosynthesis in plants and DNA damage
- [Children Wait Longer for Rewards When Peer Promises to Wait, New Study Finds](https://modernsciences.org/children-delay-gratification-peer-promise-may-2025/) - Young children are more likely to delay gratification when a peer promises to wait too highlighting the powerful role of trust and cooperation in early decision-making.
- [New Mass Spectrometry Method Cuts Bacterial Diagnosis Time From Days to Minutes](https://modernsciences.org/rapid-bacterial-diagnosis-mass-spectrometry-may-2025/) - A new mass spectrometry method can identify harmful bacteria in minutes, cutting diagnostic times from days to help doctors treat infections faster and more precisely.
- [CERN Scientists Achieve 'Gold Creation' in Latest Particle Collision Experiment](https://modernsciences.org/cern-gold-creation-experiment-particle-collision-may-2025/) - CERN scientists have briefly turned lead into gold by smashing nuclei at near-light speed, offering new insights into nuclear physics rather than alchemical riches.
- [De-Extinction or Rebranding? Inside the New Dire Wolf Controversy](https://modernsciences.org/dire-wolf-de-extinction-controversy-genetic-editing-may-2025/) - Can the past be a key to preserving the future? This exploration delves into Colossal Biosciences' dire wolf project and examines the true implications of de-extinction for conservation.
- [How ‘Forever Chemicals’ Took Over the World](https://modernsciences.org/forever-chemicals-pfas-contamination-health-risks-may-2025/) - The story of "forever chemicals" began with the serendipitous discovery of Teflon in the 1930s. While transforming various industries, this seemingly revolutionary material was produced using the detrimental chemical PFOA, which subsequently caused significant health issues. Although efforts were made to eliminate PFOA, related chemicals, such as GenX, have persisted in creating environmental and health
- [New Study Finds Commodity Fish Essential to Carbon Burial in Oceans](https://modernsciences.org/fish-carbon-burial-ocean-seabed-climate-regulation-may-2025/) - New research reveals that many commercial fish species, like cod and eels, help store carbon by stirring seabed sediments—a key but overlooked climate-regulating role.
- [Study Reveals Contaminated Drinking Water as Key Pathway for E. coli Spread](https://modernsciences.org/e-coli-contaminated-drinking-water-transmission-may-2025/) - A new study shows that contaminated household drinking water is the primary route for E. coli transmission in Nairobi settlements, often carrying antibiotic-resistant strains.
- [New Chemical Offers Eco-Friendly Solution for Controlling Destructive Drywood Termites](https://modernsciences.org/eco-friendly-termite-control-bistrifluron-may-2025/) - Scientists have developed a safer termite control method using bistrifluron, a low-toxicity chemical that disrupts molting and wipes out entire colonies over time.
- [Scientists Capture Visual Evidence of Relativistic Speed's Effect on Objects](https://modernsciences.org/relativistic-speed-effect-visual-evidence-may-2025/) - For the first time, scientists have captured images showing how objects appear rotated, not squashed, when moving near light speed, confirming a 65-year-old relativity prediction.
- [Study Finds Nanoplastics Can Absorb Toxic Metals, Increasing Health Risks](https://modernsciences.org/nanoplastics-absorb-toxic-metals-health-risks-may-2025/) - New research shows that nanoplastics can absorb toxic metals like lead, raising concerns that these tiny particles may carry harmful substances deeper into the human body.
- [New Study Reveals the Impact of Social Bonds on Gorilla Health and Reproduction](https://modernsciences.org/gorilla-social-bonds-health-reproduction-may-2025/) - A new study shows that social bonds shape gorilla health and reproduction, but their effects vary by sex and group size, revealing the complex role of relationships in survival.
- [Study Reveals Universe’s End Could Come ‘Sooner Than Expected,’ as Cosmic Objects Decay Faster](https://modernsciences.org/universe-end-cosmic-decay-faster-may-2025/) - A new study shows that white dwarfs and neutron stars may evaporate far sooner than once, reshaping predictions about how and when the universe will end.
- [Forget chatbots: research suggests reading can help combat loneliness and boost the brain](https://modernsciences.org/reading-combat-loneliness-boost-brain-mental-health-may-2025/) - Barbara Jacquelyn Sahakian, University of Cambridge and Christelle Langley, University of Cambridge Loneliness has become such a widespread problem that Silicon Valley billionaires are now highlighting it to market AI companions, with Mark Zuckerberg recently stating “the average American has fewer than three friends”. This actually echoes what the World Health Organization has called a
- [‘Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence’ − an astronomer explains how much evidence scientists need to claim discoveries like extraterrestrial life](https://modernsciences.org/extraordinary-claims-evidence-extraterrestrial-life-astronomy-may-2025/) - Chris Impey, University of Arizona The detection of life beyond Earth would be one of the most profound discoveries in the history of science. The Milky Way galaxy alone hosts hundreds of millions of potentially habitable planets. Astronomers are using powerful space telescopes to look for molecular indicators of biology in the atmospheres of the
- [Was it a stone tool or just a rock? An archaeologist explains how scientists can tell the difference](https://modernsciences.org/stone-tool-identification-archaeology-flintknapping-techniques-may-2025/) - John K. Murray, Arizona State University Have you ever found yourself in a museum’s gallery of human origins, staring at a glass case full of rocks labeled “stone tools,” muttering under your breath, “How do they know it’s not just any old rock?” At first glance, it might seem impossible to decipher. But as an
- [Bees, fish and plants show how climate change’s accelerating pace is disrupting nature in 2 key ways](https://modernsciences.org/climate-change-pollinators-plant-mismatch-biodiversity-disruption-may-2025/) - Courtney McGinnis, Quinnipiac University The problem with climate change isn’t just the temperature – it’s also how fast the climate is changing today. Historically, Earth’s climate changes have generally happened over thousands to millions of years. Today, global temperatures are increasing by about 0.36 degrees Fahrenheit (0.2 degrees Celsius) per decade. Imagine a car speeding
- [Why Some Islands Are Growing Despite Rising Seas](https://modernsciences.org/island-growth-rising-seas-atoll-resilience-may-2025/) - Despite rising seas, many atoll islands are growing or staying stable, thanks to natural sediment movements that reshape land, as long as human activity does not interfere.
- [Why Parkinson’s Cases Are Surging—and What’s Causing It](https://modernsciences.org/parkinsons-disease-surging-causes-environmental-risk-may-2025/) - Parkinson’s cases are soaring worldwide, and mounting evidence points to pollution, pesticides, and industrial toxins, not just aging, as key drivers behind the surge.
- [The Rise and Fall of "Leviathan": When Giant Whales Ruled the Seas](https://modernsciences.org/livyatan-whales-ruled-seas-marine-predators-may-2025/) - Livyatan melvillei, a giant toothed whale with 36-cm fangs, once ruled the seas, but vanished as shifting oceans and prey collapse ended its reign.
- [How Trilobites Revealed Earth’s Hidden Ocean Cycles](https://modernsciences.org/trilobites-ocean-cycles-wilson-cycle-geology-may-2025/) - Trilobite fossils helped scientists uncover Earth’s repeating ocean cycle, where oceans like the Atlantic open and close along ancient scars in the planet’s crust.
- [Scientists Uncover How LINE-1 Genetic Element Inserts Itself into Human DNA](https://modernsciences.org/line-1-genetic-element-human-dna-insertion-may-2025/) - New research reveals how a "jumping gene" called LINE-1 sneaks into human DNA during cell division, explaining its role in disease and evolution.
- [Tiny "Water Bears" Help Scientists Print Microelectronics on Living Tissue](https://modernsciences.org/tardigrades-water-bears-microelectronics-living-tissue-may-2025/) - Using frozen tardigrades, scientists have printed nanoscale patterns on living tissue, opening the door to futuristic biotech like biosensors and microelectronics on organisms.
- [Researchers Identify New Methane-Producing Microbe Species in the Human Gut](https://modernsciences.org/methane-producing-microbe-species-human-gut-may-2025/) - Scientists have discovered a new methane-producing microbe in the human gut, offering fresh insight into how archaea may influence digestion, inflammation, and disease.
- [Study Traces the Ancestry of Roses, Revealing Two Key Origins in China](https://modernsciences.org/rose-ancestry-study-china-origins-may-2025/) - New genomic research reveals that all modern roses trace back to two wild ancestors in China, reshaping our understanding of rose evolution and guiding future breeding efforts.
- [Study Shows Handwriting Enhances Early Reading and Writing Skills Over Typing](https://modernsciences.org/handwriting-vs-typing-early-reading-writing-skills-may-2025/) - A new study finds that young children learn letters and words more effectively through handwriting than typing, highlighting the lasting cognitive benefits of putting pencil to paper.
- [Webb Telescope Reveals Largest Catalog of Galaxy Groups, Unveiling the Early Universe](https://modernsciences.org/james-webb-telescope-largest-galaxy-group-catalog-early-universe-may-2025/) - Using the James Webb Telescope, astronomers have identified nearly 1,700 galaxy groups, offering the deepest look into how the universe’s largest structures formed.
- [Scientists Discover 46 New Snail Species in Southeast Asia—Including a Picasso-Inspired Cubist Shell](https://modernsciences.org/scientists-discover-46-new-snail-species-in-southeast-asia-including-a-picasso-inspired-cubist-shell/) - Scientists have discovered 46 new snail species in Southeast Asia—including one with a cubist, Picasso-like shell—highlighting biodiversity and urgent conservation needs.
- [New Quantum Theory Could Bridge Gap Between Gravity and Particle Physics](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-theory-gravity-particle-physics-bridge-may-2025/) - A new quantum theory of gravity aims to unify Einstein’s relativity with particle physics, potentially bridging the gap between the universe’s biggest and smallest forces.
- [Unique Ancient Egyptian Artwork Reveals Possible Milky Way Connection with Sky Goddess Nut](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-egyptian-artwork-milky-way-connection-sky-goddess-nut-may-2025/) - A new study suggests ancient Egyptian artists may have linked the sky goddess Nut to the Milky Way, based on rare coffin artwork resembling the galaxy’s dark rift.
- [New Mathematical Method Solves Centuries-Old Problem of Higher-Degree Polynomial Equations](https://modernsciences.org/new-mathematical-method-higher-degree-polynomial-equations-may-2025/) - Mathematicians have unveiled a radical new method for solving fifth-degree polynomial equations—cracking a problem once thought unsolvable without complex or irrational numbers.
- [Glitter’s sparkle hides a darker side – it can change the chemistry of our oceans](https://modernsciences.org/glitter-ocean-pollution-microplastics-marine-chemistry-impact-may-2025/) - Juan Diego Rodriguez-Blanco, Trinity College Dublin and Kristina Petra Zubovic, Trinity College Dublin Glitter is festive and fun – a favourite for decorations, makeup and art projects. But while it may look harmless, beautiful even, glitter’s sparkle hides a darker side. Those shimmering specks often end up far from party tables and greeting cards. You
- [How dandelions conquered concrete to bring nature back to cities](https://modernsciences.org/dandelions-urban-ecology-pollinators-biodiversity-city-plants-may-2025/) - Yannick Woudstra, Stockholm University “Nothing is so uncommon as a common dandelion” say Karst Meijer and Erik van den Ham, Dutch botanists who started an international day (April 27) to celebrate this yellow flower in 2020. The pair hoped to showcase the immense diversity and fascinating ecology of dandelions, which are often maligned as noxious
- [Can what you eat during pregnancy and breastfeeding affect whether your child develops food allergies?](https://modernsciences.org/maternal-diet-pregnancy-breastfeeding-food-allergies-infants-prevention-may-2025/) - Jennifer Koplin, The University of Queensland; Debbie Palmer, The Kids Research Institute Australia, and Desalegn Markos Shifti, The University of Queensland Many questions pop up when you’re growing or raising a new baby. Among them, women often wonder if what they eat during pregnancy or breastfeeding will affect whether or not their child will have
- [How was the Earth built?](https://modernsciences.org/how-earth-was-formed-planetary-collisions-moon-origin-geological-history-may-2025/) - Alexander E. Gates, Rutgers University - Newark Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. How was the Earth built? – Noah, age 5, Florida It isn’t easy to figure out how the Earth was built, because it
- [A robot that you ride like a horse is being developed. It will stretch current limits of engineering](https://modernsciences.org/kawasaki-corleo-robotic-horse-quadruped-mobility-ai-transport-2025/) - Matías Mattamala, University of Oxford Kawasaki has recently revealed its computer-generated concept for the Corleo, a “robotic horse”. The video shows the automated equine galloping through valleys, crossing rivers, climbing mountains and jumping over crevasses. The Corleo promises a high-end robotic solution to provide a revolutionary mobility experience. Kawasaki’s current motorbikes are constrained to roads,
- [AI is giving a boost to efforts to monitor health via radar](https://modernsciences.org/ai-radar-health-monitoring-noncontact-vitals-elder-care-telehealth-may-2025/) - Chandler Bauder, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and Aly Fathy, University of Tennessee If you wanted to check someone’s pulse from across the room, for example to remotely monitor an elderly relative, how could you do it? You might think it’s impossible, because common health-monitoring devices such as fingertip pulse oximeters and smartwatches have to be
- [Some ‘Star Wars’ stories have already become reality](https://modernsciences.org/real-star-wars-tech-moisture-farming-space-junk-mitochondria-science-may-2025/) - Daniel B. Oerther, Missouri University of Science and Technology and William Schonberg, Missouri University of Science and Technology Just 48 short years ago, movie director George Lucas used the phrase “A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away” as the opening to the first “Star Wars” movie, later labeled “Episode IV: A New
- [Why Matter Exists: LHC Uncovers New Clue in the Antimatter Mystery](https://modernsciences.org/matter-antimatter-imbalance-lhc-clue-may-2025/) - A breakthrough at the Large Hadron Collider reveals that matter and antimatter baryons decay differently, offering a vital clue to why the universe exists.
- [Did the Earth Once Have Rings?](https://modernsciences.org/earth-ring-system-hypothesis-may-2025/) - New research suggests Earth may have briefly had a ring system 466 million years ago—possibly triggering an ancient ice age and one of the planet’s biggest extinctions.
- [The Chilling Mystery of 'Skeleton Lake'](https://modernsciences.org/skeleton-lake-roopkund-mystery-may-2025/) - High in the Himalayas, Skeleton Lake holds the remains of travelers from across centuries and continents—yet no single story can fully explain its chilling mystery.
- [Quantum Search, Debunked: The Truth Behind Grover’s Algorithm](https://modernsciences.org/grovers-algorithm-quantum-search-debunked-may-2025/) - Grover’s algorithm does not let quantum computers check every answer at once—instead, it offers a clever geometric shortcut that speeds up searches by a square root factor.
- [Severe Droughts Linked to Roman Britain's Decline, Study Finds](https://modernsciences.org/roman-britain-drought-collapse-climate-change-may-2025/) - New research links a trio of severe droughts in the 360s CE to crop failures and military collapse in Roman Britain—highlighting climate’s role in shaping history.
- [Study Links Toxic Chemicals in Climbing Shoes to Air Pollution in Gyms](https://modernsciences.org/climbing-shoes-air-pollution-gym-chemical-exposure-may-2025/) - A new study finds that rubber from climbing shoes releases toxic chemicals into gym air—reaching pollution levels seen on city streets and raising concerns about indoor air quality.
- [1.5 million-year-old bone tools discovered in Tanzania rewrite the history of human evolution](https://modernsciences.org/bone-tools-tanzania-oldest-hominin-technology-human-evolution-olduvai-may-2025/) - Jackson K. Njau, Indiana University The ancestors of humans started making tools about 3.3 million years ago. First they made them out of stone, then they switched to bone as a raw material. Until recently, the earliest clear evidence of bone tool making was from sites in Europe, dated to 400,000 years ago. But archaeologists
- [New Dinosaur Footprints in Canada Reveal Three-Toed Ankylosaur Species](https://modernsciences.org/three-toed-ankylosaur-footprints-canada-ankylosaur-species-may-2025/) - Newly discovered three-toed dinosaur tracks in Canada reveal a previously unknown ankylosaur species, reshaping what scientists knew about armored dinosaurs in North America.
- [Scientists Confirm 67-Year-Old Theory, Show Carbenes Can Exist in Water](https://modernsciences.org/carbenes-in-water-67-year-theory-confirmation-may-2025/) - Scientists have confirmed a 67-year-old theory by showing that once thought too unstable, carbenes can exist in water, unlocking greener paths for chemical and pharmaceutical processes.
- [Study Reveals Caddisfly Larvae Have Been Using Microplastics in Casings for Over 50 Years](https://modernsciences.org/caddisfly-larvae-microplastics-casings-50-years-may-2025/) - Researchers have found that caddisfly larvae have been unknowingly building with microplastics since the 1970s—revealing decades of hidden pollution in even the cleanest streams.
- [Quantum Mechanics Sheds New Light on Classical Interference Patterns](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-mechanics-classical-interference-patterns-light-behavior-may-2025/) - New research reveals that even where light waves cancel out, quantum particles can still interact with matter—reshaping how scientists understand interference patterns.
- [Study Reveals How Earth's Magnetic Field Shifted 41,000 Years Ago and Impacted Early Human Life](https://modernsciences.org/earth-magnetic-field-shift-41000-years-ago-human-life-impact-may-2025/) - New research shows that a dramatic shift in Earth’s magnetic field 41,000 years ago exposed early humans to increased radiation—and may have spurred key survival innovations.
- [Congo Study Reveals Gorillas Use Soil Scratching to Forage for Truffles](https://modernsciences.org/gorillas-soil-scratching-truffles-foraging-congo-study-may-2025/) - New research reveals that Western lowland gorillas scratch the soil to forage for truffles, a discovery made possible by combining Indigenous knowledge with scientific study.
- [Crows Show Ability to Recognize Geometric Regularity, Challenging Human-Only Skill Theory](https://modernsciences.org/crows-geometric-regularity-recognition-animal-cognition-may-2025/) - A new study shows that crows can recognize geometric patterns—a skill once considered uniquely human—revealing surprising insights into animal cognition.
- [Is the Universe Infinite? Exploring the Cyclic Universe Theory](https://modernsciences.org/cyclic-universe-theory-infinite-universe-may-2025/) - Some theories suggest the universe may not have begun with a singular Big Bang—but could instead be part of an endless cycle of cosmic rebirths.
- [The Structural Mistake That Nearly Took Down a New York Landmark](https://modernsciences.org/citicorp-center-structural-flaw-new-york-may-2025/) - A hidden flaw in New York’s Citicorp Center nearly caused a catastrophic collapse—until a daring, secret repair operation turned a potential disaster into a landmark engineering ethics case.
- [The Secret Behind the 'Chocolate Hills'](https://modernsciences.org/chocolate-hills-formation-karst-geology-philippines-may-2025/) - The Chocolate Hills’ perfect shapes are no myth—they were sculpted over millions of years by limestone erosion, ancient coral reefs, and seasonal monsoon rains.
- [Astronomers Use ‘Gravitational Microlensing’ to Discover Distant Super-Earth](https://modernsciences.org/gravitational-microlensing-super-earth-discovery-may-2025/) - Astronomers have discovered a distant super-Earth using gravitational microlensing, challenging old assumptions about the types of planets that form far from their stars.
- [Study Reveals How Eukaryotic Cells Marked a Major Evolutionary Shift in Life on Earth](https://modernsciences.org/eukaryotic-cell-evolution-complex-life-may-2025/) - New research shows that a significant shift in gene structure helped spark the rise of eukaryotic cells, marking a turning point in the evolution of complex life on Earth.
- [New Study Reveals How Plants Use Internal Pressure to Communicate Stress Responses](https://modernsciences.org/plant-stress-signaling-internal-pressure-may-2025/) - A new study reveals that plants use internal pressure shifts to send stress signals, opening the door to future crops that can visually alert farmers when they need help.
- [Study Finds Body Odor Can Predict Friendship Potential, Even Before Meeting](https://modernsciences.org/body-odor-and-friendship-potential-scent-predicts-social-bonding-may-2025/) - New research shows that a person’s scent can predict friendship potential even before meeting, highlighting smell’s surprising role in first impressions and social bonding.
- [New Study Challenges Idea That Inequality Is Inevitable in Large Societies](https://modernsciences.org/inequality-in-ancient-societies-historical-analysis-may-2025/) - A new study of 1,000+ archaeological sites finds that inequality is not a given in large societies—it often depends on leadership, governance, and collective choices.
- [NASA Rover Discovers Evidence of Ancient Carbon Cycle on Mars](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-carbon-cycle-mars-curiosity-rover-discovery-may-2025/) - NASA’s Curiosity rover has uncovered signs of an ancient carbon cycle on Mars, suggesting the planet once had a CO2-rich atmosphere and liquid water.
- [New Studies Rewrite History of Domestic Cats' Spread Across Europe](https://modernsciences.org/domestic-cat-spread-europe-history-april-2025/) - New research shows domestic cats spread through Europe in waves over 2,000 years ago, driven by trade, religion, and cultural exchange—not farming alone.
- [Highlight: Fewer Than 10% of Senior Authors in Physics Journals Are Women](https://modernsciences.org/gender-gap-physics-women-senior-authors-april-2025/) - A new comment reveals that fewer than 10% of senior authors in physics journals are women, spotlighting persistent gender disparities in academic leadership.
- [Astronomers Confirm First Lone Black Hole Using Hubble and Gaia Data](https://modernsciences.org/lone-black-hole-discovery-hubble-gaia-april-2025/) - Astronomers have confirmed the first-ever lone black hole—an invisible giant roaming space alone—using Hubble and Gaia telescope data.
- [Researchers Develop Pollen-Replacing Diet to Sustain Honey Bees Year-Round](https://modernsciences.org/pollen-replacement-diet-bees-year-round-april-2025/) - Scientists have created a pollen substitute that keeps honey bee colonies healthy year-round—even in poor foraging conditions—by mimicking a critical nutrient found in natural pollen.
- [Loss of empathy is a key problem in people with frontotemporal dementia – our research shows what’s happening in the brain](https://modernsciences.org/frontotemporal-dementia-empathy-loss-brain-research-ftd-symptoms-may-2025/) - Alexander F Santillo, Lund University and Olof Lindberg, Karolinska Institutet Frontotemporal dementia has gained significant attention in recent years after the family of actor Bruce Willis announced in 2023 that he had been diagnosed with the condition. A year later, it was revealed that US chat show host Wendy Williams had also been diagnosed with
- [The ocean can look deceptively calm – until it isn’t. Here’s what ‘hazardous surf’ really means](https://modernsciences.org/hazardous-surf-explained-australia-beach-safety-long-period-swells-may-2025/) - Samuel Cornell, UNSW Sydney Over the Easter weekend, seven people drowned along the Australian coast. Most were swept off rock platforms – extremely dangerous locations that are increasingly prevalent in Australia’s coastal fatality data. The weather was unseasonably warm, the surf at times looking calm and at others foreboding. And yet, despite warnings from Surf
- [Tiny cut marks on animal bone fossils reveal that human ancestors were in Romania 1.95 million years ago](https://modernsciences.org/human-ancestors-romania-1-95-million-years-ago-animal-bone-fossils-may-2025/) - Briana Pobiner, Smithsonian Institution; Sabrina Curran, Ohio University, and Virgil Drãgușin, Academia Română Looking again through the magnifying lens at the fossil’s surface, one of us, Sabrina Curran, took a deep breath. Illuminated by a strong light positioned nearly parallel to the surface of the bone, the V-shaped lines were clearly there on the fossil.
- [Smart brain implants are helping people with Parkinson’s and other disorders](https://modernsciences.org/deep-brain-stimulation-parkinsons-treatment-neurostimulation-innovations-may-2025/)
- [Gratitude comes with benefits − a social psychologist explains how to practice it when times are stressful](https://modernsciences.org/practicing-gratitude-in-stressful-times-psychological-benefits-positive-psychology-may-2025/) - Monica Y. Bartlett, Gonzaga University A lot has been written about gratitude over the past two decades and how we ought to be feeling it. There is advice for journaling and a plethora of purchasing options for gratitude notebooks and diaries. And research has consistently pointed to the health and relationship benefits of the fairly
- [Twinkling star reveals the shocking secrets of turbulent plasma in our cosmic neighbourhood](https://modernsciences.org/twinkling-pulsar-reveals-local-bubble-plasma-turbulence-meerkat-astro-discovery-may-2025/) - Daniel Reardon, Swinburne University of Technology With the most powerful radio telescope in the southern hemisphere, we have observed a twinkling star and discovered an abundance of mysterious plasma structures in our cosmic neighbourhood. The plasma structures we see are variations in density or turbulence, akin to interstellar cyclones stirred up by energetic events in
- [How do children learn to read? This literacy expert says ‘there are as many ways as there are students’](https://modernsciences.org/how-children-learn-to-read-literacy-methods-phonics-balanced-instruction-may-2025/) - K. Dara Hill, University of Michigan-Dearborn Five years after the pandemic forced children into remote instruction, two-thirds of U.S. fourth graders still cannot read at grade level. Reading scores lag 2 percentage points below 2022 levels and 4 percentage points below 2019 levels. This data from the 2024 report of National Assessment of Educational Progress,
- [Tiny dips in sea level reveal flow of climate-regulating underwater waterfalls](https://modernsciences.org/antarctic-underwater-waterfalls-deep-ocean-currents-sea-level-dips-climate-circulation-may-2025/) - Matthis Auger, University of Tasmania Beneath the surface of the Southern Ocean, vast volumes of cold, dense water plunge off the Antarctic continental shelf, cascading down underwater cliffs to the ocean floor thousands of metres below. These hidden waterfalls are a key part of the global ocean’s overturning circulation – a vast conveyor belt of
- [How architecture shapes video game play](https://modernsciences.org/video-game-architecture-environmental-storytelling-level-design-immersive-environments-may-2025/) - Gabriele Aroni, Manchester Metropolitan University When players enter the virtual worlds of video games, they are greeted by complex architectural environments. These virtual spaces do more than serve as mere backdrops for gameplay. The design of buildings, streets and entire cities guides player emotions, behaviours and even advances the narrative. As an architect specialising in
- [‘Heavy metals’ contaminate 17% of the world’s croplands, say scientists](https://modernsciences.org/heavy-metal-contamination-croplands-food-safety-soil-pollution-may-2025/) - Jagannath Biswakarma, University of Bristol Nearly 17% of the world’s croplands are contaminated with “heavy metals”, according to a new study in Science. These contaminants – arsenic, cadmium, lead, and others – may be invisible to the eye, but they threaten food safety and human health. Heavy metals and metalloids are elements that originate from
- [Why healthy eating may be the best way to reduce food waste](https://modernsciences.org/healthy-eating-food-waste-reduction-sustainability-tips-australia-may-2025/) - Trang Nguyen, University of Adelaide; Jack Hetherington, University of Adelaide, and Patrick O'Connor, University of Adelaide Australians waste around 7.68 million tonnes of food a year. This costs the economy an estimated A$36.6 billion and households up to $2,500 annually. Much of this food is wasted at home. So while consumers are increasingly aware of
- [Sniping koalas from helicopters: here’s what’s wrong with Victoria’s unprecedented cull](https://modernsciences.org/koala-cull-victoria-aerial-shooting-wildlife-management-welfare-may-2025/) - Liz Hicks, The University of Melbourne and Ashleigh Best, The University of Melbourne Snipers in helicopters have shot more than 700 koalas in the Budj Bim National Park in western Victoria in recent weeks. It’s believed to be the first time koalas have been culled in this way. The cull became public on Good Friday
- [Scientists claim to have found evidence of alien life. But ‘biosignatures’ might hide more than they reveal](https://modernsciences.org/alien-life-biosignatures-k2-18b-nasa-james-webb-may-2025/) - Campbell Rider, University of Sydney Whether or not we’re alone in the universe is one of the biggest questions in science. A recent study, led by astrophysicist Nikku Madhusudhan at the University of Cambridge, suggests the answer might be no. Based on observations from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, the study points to alien life
- [Severance: what the hit show can teach us about cyber security and human risk](https://modernsciences.org/severance-apple-tv-cybersecurity-insider-threats-workplace-privacy-may-2025/) - Oli Buckley, Loughborough University What if your work self didn’t know about your personal life, and your home self had no idea what you did for a living? In Apple TV’s Severance, that’s exactly the deal: a surgical procedure splits the memories of employees into “innies” (who only exist at work) and “outies” (who never
- [How long can you stand on one leg? This simple test is the single clearest indicator of physical ageing](https://modernsciences.org/one-leg-balance-test-physical-aging-health-longevity-may-2025/) - Beatriz Carpallo Porcar, Universidad San Jorge and Rita Galán Díaz, Universidad San Jorge Balance is so fundamental that we often take it for granted, but its importance goes far beyond just keeping us upright. In fact, recent studies have shown that the ability to stand on one leg may be one of the best physical
- [Mysterious objects from other stars are passing through our solar system. Scientists are planning missions to study them up close](https://modernsciences.org/photonic-computing-next-gen-processors-optical-ai-hardware-acceleration-april-2025-2/) - Billy Bryan, RAND Europe; Chris Carter, RAND Europe, and Theodora Ogden, RAND Europe In late 2017, a mysterious object tore through our solar system at breakneck speed. Astronomers scrambled to observe the fast moving body using the world’s most powerful telescopes. It was found to be one quarter mile (400m) long and very elongated –
- [Next generation computer chips could process data at the speed of light – new research](https://modernsciences.org/photonic-computing-next-gen-processors-optical-ai-hardware-acceleration-april-2025/) - Demosthenes Koutsogeorgis, Nottingham Trent University and Matthew Spink, Nottingham Trent University Electronic microchips are at the heart of the modern world. They’re found in our laptops, our smartphones, our cars and our household appliances. For years, manufacturers have been making them more powerful and efficient, which increases the performance of our electronic devices. But that
- [A century after its discovery, scientists capture first confirmed footage of a colossal squid in the deep](https://modernsciences.org/colossal-squid-first-footage-deep-sea-discovery-antarctic-exploration-april-2025/) - Kat Bolstad, Auckland University of Technology The colossal squid was first described in 1925 based on specimens from the stomach of a commercially hunted sperm whale. A century later, an international voyage captured the first confirmed video of this species in its natural habitat – a 30-centimetre juvenile, at a depth of 600 metres near
- [Getting AIs working toward human goals − study shows how to measure misalignment](https://modernsciences.org/ai-alignment-measurement-human-goals-misalignment-research-april-2025/) - Aidan Kierans, University of Connecticut Ideally, artificial intelligence agents aim to help humans, but what does that mean when humans want conflicting things? My colleagues and I have come up with a way to measure the alignment of the goals of a group of humans and AI agents. The alignment problem – making sure that
- [How can we ethically display the dead in museums? What about resin casts of those who died violently in Pompeii?](https://modernsciences.org/ethical-display-human-remains-museums-pompeii-casts-repatriation-culture-april-2025/) - Georgia Pike-Rowney, Australian National University We are used to seeing dead bodies in movies and TV shows, but how should we feel when presented with a dead person from the ancient past in a museum? The collection and display of human remains is a complex topic. Around the world, some museums are choosing to remove
- [Are twins allergic to the same things?](https://modernsciences.org/allergy-genetics-identical-vs-fraternal-twin-allergy-risk-factors-research-april-2025/) - Breanne Hayes Haney, West Virginia University Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to curiouskidsus@theconversation.com. Are twins allergic to the same things? – Ella, age 7, Philadelphia Allergies, whether spring sneezes due to pollen or trouble breathing triggered by
- [Australian honeybees are under attack by mites and beetles. Here’s how to keep your backyard hive safe](https://modernsciences.org/australia-honeybee-crisis-varroa-mite-hive-beetle-backyard-beekeeping-april-2025/) - Cornelia Sattler, Macquarie University and Théotime Colin, Macquarie University Australia’s honeybees are facing an exceptional crisis. The tiny but devastating foreign pest Varroa destructor is steadily spreading across the country. The mite feeds on baby bees (larvae), weakening them. It can also spread viruses that eventually destroy entire bee colonies. Efforts to contain its spread
- [You Might Be Surprised What Colors Your Dog Can (and Can't) See](https://modernsciences.org/dog-color-vision-blue-yellow-red-green-blindness-april-2025/) - Dogs see blues and yellows but cannot distinguish reds and greens like humans. Their vision excels at detecting movement and works well in low light, though they struggle with depth perception and are near-sighted. Dogs also rely heavily on their sense of smell to create a multisensory map of their environment.
- [Your Inner Neanderthal: What Ancient DNA Reveals About Modern Humans](https://modernsciences.org/neanderthal-dna-modern-humans-ancient-human-interbreeding-april-2025/) - Modern humans carry 1-2% Neanderthal DNA, reshaping our understanding of evolution. Recent studies confirm interbreeding between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals through genome patterns and cave soot dating. These findings suggest that the human family tree is more complex, with traces of Neanderthals, Denisovans, and possibly other ancient lineages.
- [Hot Sauce Lies? Lab Tests Expose Heat Rating Discrepancies](https://modernsciences.org/hot-sauce-scoville-discrepancies-lab-tested-heat-ratings-april-2025/) - Recent lab tests exposed discrepancies in hot sauce heat ratings, with several sauces being less spicy than advertised. While Scoville units measure capsaicin concentration, additives like pepper extract can amplify perceived heat. Capsaicin, which evolved to deter mammals and protect seeds, highlights the complex evolution of plant defenses.
- [Think Moderate Drinking is Healthy? Think Again.](https://modernsciences.org/moderate-drinking-health-risks-alcohol-j-curve-myth-april-2025/) - Recent studies challenge the idea that moderate drinking has health benefits, showing that even small amounts of alcohol may increase the risk of heart disease and cancer. Large-scale analyses and genetic studies now indicate no protective effects, with health risks varying based on individual factors. Public health experts recommend transparency over prohibition.
- [Ancient DNA Reveals Early Fish Introduction to High-Mountain Lake in Spain](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-dna-fish-introduction-high-mountain-lake-spain-april-2025/) - At a Glance Ancient DNA from Lake Redon in the Pyrenees Mountains reveals that humans may have introduced fish as early as the 7th century CE, challenging previous assumptions about the timing of fish stocking. The researchers analyzed a 30-centimeter sediment core from the lake, discovering fish parasite DNA from the genus Ichthyobodo. This provides
- [Study Finds Greater Economic Inequality in Han Dynasty Compared to Roman Empire](https://modernsciences.org/han-dynasty-economic-inequality-roman-empire-april-2025/) - At a Glance Researchers from Bocconi University, the University of Cambridge, and Stanford University discovered that the Han Dynasty had greater economic inequality than the Roman Empire, shedding light on inequality's impact on political stability. The study revealed that in the Han Dynasty, the average income was 1.88 times the subsistence minimum, while in the
- [Kīlauea Eruption Triggered Unprecedented Phytoplankton Bloom in the Pacific](https://modernsciences.org/kilauea-eruption-phytoplankton-bloom-pacific-april-2025/) - At a Glance In May 2018, Kīlauea erupted, releasing volcanic ash into the atmosphere. The ash traveled westward and contributed to a large phytoplankton bloom in the nutrient-poor North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Satellite data revealed the phytoplankton bloom, which grew rapidly over an area five times the size of Taiwan. The ash's nutrient content, particularly
- [Study Links Brain Regions to Political Behavior Intensity](https://modernsciences.org/brain-regions-political-behavior-intensity-april-2025/) - At a Glance A study led by experts from Harvard, Stanford, and Northwestern identified a brain circuit that influences the intensity of political behavior, offering new insights into the brain’s role in political involvement. Researchers focused on military veterans with head trauma, using lesion network mapping to link brain injuries to behavioral changes, finding that
- [Researchers Observe Quantum Droplet Behavior in Ultracold Gases, Revealing Capillary Instability](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-droplet-behavior-capillary-instability-ultracold-gases-april-2025/) - At a Glance Researchers from the National Institute of Optics, the University of Florence, and LENS observed capillary instability in ultra-cold quantum gases, offering new insights into their behavior under certain conditions. The study involved a mixture of potassium and rubidium atoms cooled to near absolute zero and released in an optical waveguide. The gases
- [Newly Discovered Soil Microbes Help Purify Water Deep Below Earth's Surface](https://modernsciences.org/soil-microbes-water-purification-deep-earth-april-2025/) - At a Glance Researchers led by James Tiedje discovered a new group of microbes, CSP1-3, deep in the soil. These microbes help purify water and recycle essential nutrients for maintaining Earth's "Critical Zone." CSP1-3 microbes, found in soil samples from Iowa and China, are highly abundant and actively growing, making up to half of the
- [High School Student Develops AI to Discover 1.5 Million Unknown Space Objects](https://modernsciences.org/high-school-student-ai-space-discovery-1-5-million-objects-april-2025/) - At a Glance A high school student from California, Matteo Paz, developed an AI model that uncovered 1.5 million previously unknown objects in space, improving NASA's NEOWISE telescope data analysis. Paz's AI model processed data from the NEOWISE telescope, which has tracked asteroids and variable cosmic objects like quasars and exploding stars, identifying them with
- [New Theory Proposes "Transient Singularities" as Solution to Dark Matter and Dark Energy Mysteries](https://modernsciences.org/transient-singularities-dark-matter-dark-energy-theory-april-2025/) - At a Glance Dr. Richard Lieu proposes a new theory on the universe's expansion, suggesting that rapid, short-lived bursts of energy and matter called "transient temporal singularities" explain cosmic structure formation instead of dark matter and energy. Lieu’s theory builds on an earlier concept that gravity could exist without mass, with transient singularities providing the
- [Technion Team Discovers New Form of Quantum Entanglement in Nanoscale Photons](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-entanglement-nanoscale-photons-technion-april-2025/) - At a Glance A study from Technion researchers revealed a new form of quantum entanglement based on photons' total angular momentum (TAM) in nanoscale systems, marking the first new entanglement type in over 20 years. The researchers demonstrated that, within tiny nanoscale structures, photons' interaction is driven by their total angular momentum, combining spin and
- [New Study Introduces 'Thirstwaves' as Climate Change Drives Increased Evaporative Demand](https://modernsciences.org/thirstwaves-climate-change-evaporative-demand-agriculture-april-2025/) - At a Glance As climate change accelerates, scientists have found that the atmosphere is becoming "thirstier," meaning it demands more water to evaporate, which impacts agriculture and water usage. A new study introduces the concept of "thirstwaves," which are extended periods of extremely high evaporative demand that can harm crops and reduce agricultural productivity by
- [Nasa and Esa want to bring Martian rocks to Earth. Here’s what will happen to the samples once they get here](https://modernsciences.org/bacteria-evolution-ai-machine-learning-microbial-life-photosynthesis-april-2025-2/) - John Bridges, University of Leicester A mission will deliver rock and soil from Mars to laboratories on Earth in the 2030s. Mars Sample Return (MSR) is led by Nasa with participation from the European Space Agency (Esa). The mission will allow scientists to use the best laboratory instruments on Earth to determine whether Mars hosted
- [How we used AI to trace the evolution of bacteria on Earth](https://modernsciences.org/bacteria-evolution-ai-machine-learning-microbial-life-photosynthesis-april-2025/) - Ben Woodcroft, Queensland University of Technology and Adrián A. Davín, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Bacteria are the most diverse organisms on Earth, with a number of species that’s difficult to quantify. They’re also incredibly old. Bacteria consist of a single cell. They do not have bones and are not like big animals that
- [Two key ingredients cause extreme storms with destructive flooding – why these downpours are happening more often](https://modernsciences.org/extreme-storms-climate-change-flooding-tornadoes-precipitation-april-2025/) - Shuang-Ye Wu, University of Dayton A powerful storm system that stalled over states from Texas to Ohio for several days in early April 2025 wreaked havoc across the region, with deadly tornadoes, mudslides and flooding as rivers rose. More than a foot of rain fell in several areas. As a climate scientist who studies the
- [Can we really resurrect extinct animals, or are we just creating hi-tech lookalikes?](https://modernsciences.org/de-extinction-animals-resurrected-genetic-engineering-cloning-crispr-ethical-considerations/) - Timothy Hearn, Anglia Ruskin University From dire wolves to woolly mammoths, the idea of resurrecting extinct species has captured the public imagination. Colossal Biosciences, the Dallas-based biotech company leading the charge, has made headlines for ambitious efforts to bring back long-lost animals using cutting edge genetic engineering. It recently announced the birth of pups with
- [Ireland’s neolithic passage tombs were not just the burial place of the elite – new research](https://modernsciences.org/neolithic-passage-tombs-ireland-burial-elite-genetic-analysis-social-structure/) - Neil Carlin, University College Dublin; Catherine J. Frieman, Australian National University, and Jessica Smyth, University College Dublin In County Meath in eastern Ireland sits the world heritage site of Brú na Bóinne. The late 4th millennium BC megalithic tombs have been labelled “passage tombs” by archaeologists because they typically feature a narrow passage leading to
- [1 in 10 tunnel workers could develop silicosis, our new research shows](https://modernsciences.org/silicosis-risk-tunnel-workers-silica-exposure-lung-disease-safety-regulations-2025/) - Kate Cole, University of Sydney; Renee Carey, Curtin University, and Tim Driscoll, University of Sydney Around 10% of underground tunnel workers in Queensland could develop silicosis, our new study has found. Silicosis is a serious, incurable lung disease caused by inhaling small particles of silica dust. You might have heard about it in people who
- [Why we are so scared of space – and how this fear can drive conspiracy theories](https://modernsciences.org/fear-of-space-conspiracy-theories-asteroid-threats-planetary-defence-2025/) - Tony Milligan, King's College London There are many home-grown problems on Earth, but there’s still time to worry about bad things arriving from above. The most recent is the asteroid 2024 YR4, which could be a “city killer” if it hits a heavily populated area of our planet in the early years of the next
- [Reality check: coral restoration won’t save the world’s reefs](https://modernsciences.org/coral-restoration-climate-change-reef-decline-marine-conservation-2025/) - Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Flinders University; Clelia Mulà, The University of Western Australia, and Giovanni Strona, University of Helsinki Coral reefs are much more than just a pretty place to visit. They are among the world’s richest ecosystems, hosting about a third of all marine species. These reefs also directly benefit more than a billion
- [The Math Behind the Happiest Countries on Earth](https://modernsciences.org/world-happiness-report-happiest-countries-rankings-life-satisfaction-april-2025/) - The World Happiness Report ranks countries based on life satisfaction—but what about emotional well-being? While wealth and stability play key roles, alternative metrics like Positive Affect highlight how countries such as Guatemala and El Salvador often top the charts, showing that happiness goes beyond financial security.
- [Finding Sentient Animals](https://modernsciences.org/animal-sentience-octopus-crab-consciousness-invertebrate-awareness-april-2025/) - What does it mean for an animal to be sentient? While it is easy to see animals react, determining conscious awareness is more challenging, especially for invertebrates. New studies on octopuses and crabs provide evidence of sentience, leading the UK to legally recognize cephalopods and crustaceans as sentient beings, raising important ethical questions.
- [Determining the True Scale of COVID-19 Casualties](https://modernsciences.org/covid-death-count-accuracy-excess-mortality-reporting-april-2025/) - The true scale of COVID-19 casualties is far more complex than official death tolls suggest. While U.S. death counts rely on subjective cause-of-death determinations, excess mortality estimates show a significantly higher number of deaths, and global figures may be underreported due to weak data systems, possibly tripling the official count.
- [Counting Calories—the Proper Way](https://modernsciences.org/calorie-counting-accuracy-nutrition-label-methods-april-2025/) - Calorie counts on food labels are more of an estimate than an exact science. Based on outdated research and generalized factors, these figures often overestimate the calories in plant-based foods like nuts, providing a practical but imprecise guide to our daily intake.
- [Magnetic Fields Shape Star Formation in Sagittarius C, Reveals New Study](https://modernsciences.org/magnetic-fields-star-formation-sagittarius-c-james-webb-april-2025/) - At a Glance Using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, scientists led by John Bally discovered new insights about Sagittarius C, a star-forming cloud about 200 light-years from the Milky Way's supermassive black hole. Unlike the Orion Nebula, Sagittarius C is dominated by bright, filament-like plasma structures several light-years long, shaped by hot gases and strong
- [Study Finds Over 99% of Dogs in U.S. Show Moderate to Severe Behavior Issues](https://modernsciences.org/dog-behavior-issues-us-aggression-anxiety-study-april-2025/) - At a Glance A study reveals that over 99% of dogs in the U.S. exhibit behavior problems, with aggression, separation anxiety, and fear-based issues being the most common among dogs in the Dog Aging Project. The research shows that 85.9% of dogs have moderate to severe separation and attachment issues, 55.6% experience aggression, and nearly
- [Researchers Break New Ground in Quantum Physics by Creating "Hot" Schrödinger Cat States](https://modernsciences.org/hot-schrodinger-cat-states-quantum-physics-breakthrough-april-2025/) - At a Glance Researchers from Innsbruck, Austria, demonstrated that quantum effects, like Schrödinger cat states, can be observed at temperatures up to 1.8 kelvin, a significant breakthrough in quantum physics. Schrödinger cat states, where an object exists in two states simultaneously, usually require extremely low temperatures, but the new study shows that quantum superpositions can
- [Researchers Discover 'Shape-Recuperating Liquid' in Oil-Water-Magnetized Particle Mixture](https://modernsciences.org/shape-recuperating-liquid-oil-water-magnetic-mixture-april-2025/) - At a Glance A University of Massachusetts Amherst team discovered that a mixture of oil, water, and magnetized nickel particles separated into a stable, urn-like shape, challenging long-standing ideas about liquid mixtures. The experiment, based on emulsification, like making salad dressing, showed that magnetized particles increased the tension between oil and water instead of reducing
- [Study Uncovers Coordinated Attack Behind TerraUSD Collapse Using New Cryptocurrency Analysis Tool](https://modernsciences.org/terrausd-collapse-crypto-attack-analysis-april-2025/) - At a Glance A study from Queen Mary University of London uncovered the mechanisms behind the TerraUSD and LUNA collapse, revealing that coordinated actions led to a $3.5 billion value loss. The researchers used temporal multilayer graph analysis to map relationships between cryptocurrencies on the Ethereum blockchain, tracking how large trades destabilized TerraUSD in May
- [New Quantum Materials Could Revolutionize Quantum Computing and Sensors](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-materials-computing-sensors-april-2025/) - At a Glance Researchers at Rutgers University-New Brunswick have developed a synthetic quantum structure using dysprosium titanate and pyrochlore iridate, advancing the potential for quantum computing, sensors, and spintronic devices. The team created a "quantum sandwich" combining dysprosium titanate, known for generating magnetic monopoles, and pyrochlore iridate, a Weyl semimetal. Both materials have unique properties
- [Ancient Climate Shifts Transformed Arabian Desert, Study Finds](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-climate-shifts-arabian-desert-april-2025/) - At a Glance A study reveals that the Arabian Desert, now dry, was once home to lakes, rivers, and valleys formed by intense rainfall around 9,000 years ago during the "Green Arabia" phase. The research focused on the Rub’ al Khali Desert and found evidence of ancient water-sculpted features, showing how intense rainfall rapidly transformed
- [Saccharin Shows Promise as an Antimicrobial Agent Against Drug-Resistant Infections](https://modernsciences.org/saccharin-antimicrobial-drug-resistant-april-2025/) - At a Glance Saccharin, an artificial sweetener in sugar-free products, has been found to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, saccharin offers potential as a treatment for antimicrobial resistance, a growing global health crisis. Researchers discovered that saccharin damages the bacterial cell wall, causing distortion and rupture. This allows antibiotics to penetrate and overcome the bacteria's resistance
- [Study Reveals How Diarrhea-Causing E. coli Toxin Attacks Gut Cells](https://modernsciences.org/e-coli-espc-toxin-gut-cells-april-2025/) - At a Glance Researchers at La Trobe University have discovered how the EspC toxin produced by Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) causes severe diarrhea and dehydration by damaging the epithelial cells in the gut. The study led by Professor Begoña Heras and Dr. Jason Paxman revealed that EspC acts like molecular scissors, cutting proteins inside gut
- [Life-size sculptures uncovered in Pompeii show that ancient women didn’t just have to be wives to make a difference](https://modernsciences.org/pompeii-life-size-sculptures-women-ancient-rome-gender-roles-2025/) - Emily Hauser, University of Exeter Visitors to the site of Pompeii, the ancient Roman town buried (and so preserved for thousands of years) by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79AD, don’t often think to look beyond the city walls. And it’s easy to understand why: there’s plenty on offer within this monumentally well-preserved town,
- [Flies are masters of migration – it’s about time they got some credit](https://modernsciences.org/fly-migration-insects-pollination-climate-change-ecosystems-2025/) - Will Hawkes, University of Exeter As I sprinted across the flower-rich meadow on the eastern coast of Cyprus, I could barely see my car. The air was full of tiny black dots, pelting like bullets past me. I hauled open the car door and breathed a sigh of relief once inside. I was surrounded by
- [Wave energy’s huge potential could finally be unlocked by the power of sound – new research](https://modernsciences.org/wave-energy-sound-power-ocean-renewable-tsunami-detection-2025/) - Usama Kadri, Cardiff University Ocean waves have long been seen as having huge potential as a source of renewable energy. Waves produce an estimated 50 trillion to 80 trillion watts of power worldwide – nearly two to three times the world’s current annual energy consumption. Many devices have been designed to capture and convert waves’
- [Radioisotope generators − inside the ‘nuclear batteries’ that power faraway spacecraft](https://modernsciences.org/nuclear-batteries-spacecraft-rtgs-plutonium-power-deep-space-missions-2025/) - Benjamin Roulston, Clarkson University Powering spacecraft with solar energy may not seem like a challenge, given how intense the Sun’s light can feel on Earth. Spacecraft near the Earth use large solar panels to harness the Sun for the electricity needed to run their communications systems and science instruments. However, the farther into space you
- [Daylight saving time ends Sunday. Why do we change our clocks? And how does it affect our bodies?](https://modernsciences.org/daylight-saving-time-circadian-rhythm-health-effects-clock-changes-april-2025/) - Meltem Weger, The University of Queensland and Benjamin Weger, The University of Queensland As summer fades into autumn, most Australian states and territories will set their clocks back an hour as daylight saving time ends and standard time resumes. About one-third of the world also adjust their clocks seasonally, moving forward in spring and back
- [From ancient emperors to modern presidents, leaders have used libraries to cement their legacies](https://modernsciences.org/presidential-libraries-legacy-roman-library-architecture-cultural-heritage-april-2025/) - Myrsini Mamoli, Georgia Institute of Technology Here in Atlanta, the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum has been part of my daily life for years. Parks and trails surrounding the center connect my neighborhood to the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park downtown and everything in between. At the end of December 2024, thousands
- [Parents’ fear of maths linked to lower achievement in children – new research](https://modernsciences.org/mathematics-anxiety-parent-influence-children-maths-achievement-april-2025/) - Kinga Morsanyi, Loughborough University and Carlo Tomasetto, Università di Bologna Mathematics anxiety is a feeling of tension and fear when dealing with numbers or performing calculations. It is a common form of academic anxiety: according to an OECD report, around 40% of students feel nervous, helpless or anxious in everyday situations involving mathematics, such as
- [Jets from powerful black holes can point astronomers toward where − and where not − to look for life in the universe](https://modernsciences.org/black-holes-jets-radio-quasars-life-in-universe-astrophysics-april-2025/) - David Garofalo, Kennesaw State University One of the most powerful objects in the universe is a radio quasar – a spinning black hole spraying out highly energetic particles. Come too close to one, and you’d get sucked in by its gravitational pull, or burn up from the intense heat surrounding it. But ironically, studying black
- [Evolution: features that help finding a mate may lead to smaller brains](https://modernsciences.org/sexual-selection-genome-evolution-brain-size-tradeoffs-mating-strategies-april-2025/) - Benjamin Padilla-Morales, University of Bath A longstanding question in evolutionary biology is how sexual selection influences how entire genomes develop. Sexual selection is where individuals with certain traits have higher reproductive success, leading to the spread of those traits throughout a species. A study by me and my colleagues at the Milner Centre for Evolution
- [‘Curiosity-driven research’ led to a recent major medical breakthrough. But it’s under threat](https://modernsciences.org/gene-therapy-blindness-curiosity-driven-research-medical-breakthrough-april-2025/) - Sean Coakley, The University of Queensland Earlier this year news broke about doctors in London curing blindness in children with a rare genetic condition. The genetic condition was a severe, albeit rare, form of retinal dystrophy. It causes severe sight impairment and can be caused by defects in many different genes. In this case, the
- [Early-onset Alzheimer’s: new drug shows promise in slowing the disease](https://modernsciences.org/early-onset-alzheimers-drug-trial-amyloid-therapy-cognitive-decline-april-2025/) - Rahul Sidhu, University of Sheffield Alzheimer’s disease is usually associated with old age. But around 5%-10% of all Alzheimer’s cases occur in people under the age of 65. Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease progresses more rapidly and often strikes people in the prime of their lives. Treatment options remain limited. But new data from a recent clinical
- [New research reveals chemical secrets of Earth’s crust 4.5 billion years ago](https://modernsciences.org/earth-crust-formation-hadean-geology-plate-tectonics-origin-april-2025/) - Simon Turner, Macquarie University Earth is the only known planet which has plate tectonics today. The constant movement of these giant slabs of rock over the planet’s magma creates continents – and may have even helped create life. In a new paper published in Nature today, colleagues and I reveal secrets of Earth’s crust 4.5
- [The Man Who Studied Infinity](https://modernsciences.org/georg-cantor-infinity-mathematics-april-2025/) - By proving that some infinities are larger than others, Georg Cantor revolutionized mathematics—introducing the idea of countable and uncountable infinities and igniting a century-long debate.
- [What To Look For In 4-Billion-Year-Old Rock](https://modernsciences.org/4-billion-year-old-rock-zircon-dating-early-earth-april-2025/) - Ultra-durable crystals called zircons, found in ancient rocks, preserve chemical clues that date back over 4 billion years—revealing evidence of early oceans and continental crust.
- [Proving to the Internet That You Are Real](https://modernsciences.org/proving-internet-you-are-real-authenticity-verification-deepfakes-april-2025/) - The creators of Howtown were repeatedly accused of being AI-generated, highlighting a growing challenge where human-made content is dismissed as artificial due to its tone, delivery, or visual cues.
- [The True HIstory of Earth's Continents](https://modernsciences.org/true-history-earth-continents-plate-tectonic-reconstruction-april-2025/) - A new plate tectonic model spans 1.8 billion years, reconstructing ancient supercontinents like Rodinia and Nuna with tools such as paleomagnetism and zircon dating.
- [Study Highlights Nine Rivers and Lakes in the Americas That Defy Hydrological Rules](https://modernsciences.org/rivers-lakes-americas-defy-hydrological-rules-april-2025/) - At a Glance A new study in Water Resources Research identifies nine unusual rivers and lakes in the Americas that break conventional hydrological patterns, including those with dynamic watersheds or multiple outlets. The Casiquiare River in South America connects the Orinoco and Amazon basins. Due to its slight slope, it flows in both directions, acting
- [Type One Energy Reveals Groundbreaking Fusion Pilot Plant Design](https://modernsciences.org/type-one-energy-fusion-pilot-plant-design-april-2025/) - At a Glance Type One Energy has published six papers in the Journal of Plasma Physics detailing the physics behind their Infinity Two Fusion Pilot Plant, aiming to develop fusion energy as a viable power source. The Infinity Two design utilizes a stellarator with high magnetic fields and advanced plasma confinement to achieve stable conditions
- [Newly Discovered Fossil Offers Unprecedented Look at Ancient Arthropod’s Internal Anatomy](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-arthropod-fossil-internal-anatomy-april-2025/) - At a Glance Scientists discovered a 444-million-year-old fossil named Keurbos susanae in South Africa, uniquely preserved with internal anatomy like muscles and gut, offering rare insights beyond typical fossilized exteriors. Professor Sarah Gabbott led the study, describing the fossil as an “inside-out, legless, headless wonder” due to its remarkable preservation of soft tissues while outer
- [Scientists Revive 6,800-Year-Old Algae from Baltic Sea Sediment](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-algae-revival-baltic-sea-april-2025/) - At a Glance Scientists revived ancient algae from Baltic Sea sediments up to 6,871 years old, offering a rare glimpse into how organisms can survive millennia of environmental change through dormancy. The algae, Skeletonema marinoi, resumed normal growth and photosynthesis upon revival, showing stable biological functions and distinct genetic traits that evolved over thousands of
- [Global Warming Causes Significant Loss in Earth's Water Storage, Study Finds](https://modernsciences.org/global-warming-water-storage-loss-april-2025/) - At a Glance Global warming has caused land-based water storage to drop by over 2,000 gigatons in 20 years, a decline that surpasses ice loss from Greenland and threatens agriculture and sea levels. Researchers found that underground water levels fail to recover even after significant rainfall due to increased plant water demands and human overuse,
- [New Nickel-Oxide Superconductor Breaks Barriers in High-Temperature Physics](https://modernsciences.org/nickel-oxide-superconductor-high-temperature-physics-april-2025/) - At a Glance Scientists at the National University of Singapore have developed a copper-free superconducting material using nickel oxide that operates at around 40 Kelvin and achieves zero electrical resistance under ambient pressure conditions. This breakthrough builds on the 1987 discovery of copper oxide superconductors but surpasses it by showing that copper is not essential
- [Study Reveals How Early Multicellularity May Have Begun in Single-Celled Organisms](https://modernsciences.org/early-multicellularity-evolution-single-celled-organisms-april-2025/) - At a Glance Researchers studying the single-celled organism Stentor found that forming temporary colonies allows them to create stronger water currents, improving feeding efficiency and suggesting a possible early step toward multicellular evolution. Mathematical models showed that Stentors benefit more from cooperation than isolation, especially weaker individuals, which supports the idea that early multicellular organisms
- [Study Highlights Human Interaction in Shift from Hunting to Farming](https://modernsciences.org/human-evolution-shift-farming-hunting-april-2025/) - At a Glance A new study challenges traditional views by suggesting that human interactions, not just environmental changes, significantly influenced the shift from hunting and gathering to farming around 12,000 years ago. Researchers used a mathematical model based on predator-prey dynamics to examine how early human societies transitioned to agriculture through complex patterns of cooperation
- [Researchers Find Life on Earth May Use Quantum Effects for Faster Information Processing](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-biology-life-quantum-effects-information-processing-april-2025/) - At a Glance Researchers at Howard University discovered that living organisms may process information using quantum superradiance, potentially enabling biological systems to compute billions of times faster than previously believed. The team focused on tryptophan molecules found in proteins, forming efficient quantum networks in structures like microtubules and amyloid fibrils, processing light energy in a
- [Researchers Observe Unprecedented 'Dripping' of Earth’s Crust Beneath US Midwest](https://modernsciences.org/craton-dripping-earth-crust-midwest-april-2025/) - At a Glance This study enhances our understanding of Earth’s geological recycling systems and may reshape how researchers interpret past and future tectonic activity shaping the planet’s surface and inner structure. Scientists have discovered that cratons beneath North America are slowly dripping into the mantle, a rare geological process that offers direct insight into the
- [The best space telescope you never heard of just shut down](https://modernsciences.org/gaia-spacecraft-retirement-milky-way-mapping-esa-mission-legacy-april-2025/) - Laura Nicole Driessen, University of Sydney On Thursday 27 March, the European Space Agency (ESA) sent its last messages to the Gaia Spacecraft. They told Gaia to shut down its communication systems and central computer and said goodbye to this amazing space telescope. Gaia has been the most successful ESA space mission ever, so why
- [Chewing gum is plastic pollution, not a litter problem](https://modernsciences.org/chewing-gum-plastic-pollution-microplastics-sustainable-alternatives-april-2025/) - David Jones, University of Portsmouth Thousands of tonnes of plastic pollution could be escaping into the environment every year … from our mouths. Most chewing gum on sale is made from a variety of oil-based synthetic rubbers – similar to the plastic material used in car tyres. If you find that thought slightly unsettling, you
- [Researchers created sound that can bend itself through space, reaching only your ear in a crowd](https://modernsciences.org/personalized-audio-self-bending-ultrasound-directional-sound-control-april-2025/) - Jiaxin Zhong, Penn State and Yun Jing, Penn State What if you could listen to music or a podcast without headphones or earbuds and without disturbing anyone around you? Or have a private conversation in public without other people hearing you? Our newly published research introduces a way to create audible enclaves – localized pockets
- [The Fall of "Ingenuity"](https://modernsciences.org/ingenuity-mars-helicopter-final-mission-nasa-march-2025/) - Ingenuity, initially designed for just five flights over 30 days, completed 72 missions across nearly three years, helping scout terrain for the Perseverance rover and breaking records in speed, altitude, and distance on Mars.
- [Holograms—No, Really](https://modernsciences.org/holograms-explained-physics-3d-light-april-2025/) - Unlike a photograph, a hologram encodes the full light field of a scene—including phase information—allowing it to recreate depth, angles, and optical effects like refraction.
- [Measuring the True Scale of the Universe, Part 2](https://modernsciences.org/measuring-true-scale-universe-part-2-april-2025/) - Early astronomers used planetary transits and parallax to calculate distances in the solar system and beyond—laying the foundation for measuring stellar and galactic positions through clever geometric and observational methods.
- [Measuring the True Scale of the Universe, Part 1](https://modernsciences.org/measuring-true-scale-universe-part-1-april-2025/) - Starting with Eratosthenes' clever calculation of Earth's circumference using shadows and wells, early astronomers used geometric reasoning and eclipses to estimate distances to the Moon and Sun—even without modern instruments.
- [Testing the Wave-Particle Duality of Light](https://modernsciences.org/testing-wave-particle-duality-light-april-2025/) - After years of favoring the particle theory based on Feynman’s QED, some hands-on experiments led the presenter to embrace the wave model—until a diffraction experiment revived the case for particles.
- [James Webb Space Telescope Detects Carbon Dioxide in Distant Planet Atmospheres](https://modernsciences.org/james-webb-space-telescope-carbon-dioxide-distant-planet-atmospheres-april-2025/) - At a Glance JWST’s capabilities advance our understanding of planetary systems and could help identify environments beyond Earth that can support life. Scientists using the James Webb Space Telescope have detected carbon dioxide in the atmospheres of gas giants in the HR 8799 system, a significant step toward studying planets outside our solar system. By
- [Study Finds Behaviorally Informed Emails Boost Elementary Students' Math Progress](https://modernsciences.org/behaviorally-informed-emails-math-progress-elementary-students-april-2025/) - At a Glance A large study tested whether behaviorally informed email nudges could improve elementary students’ math progress, involving over 140,000 teachers and nearly 3 million students across the US and Canada. The most effective email intervention encouraged teachers to log into Zearn Math weekly, leading to a 5% improvement in students’ math progress over
- [Physicists Map Quantum Statistics for Enhanced Testing of Entangled Devices](https://modernsciences.org/quantum-entanglement-statistics-quantum-device-testing-april-2025/) - At a Glance Scientists have fully mapped the statistical patterns of quantum entanglement, offering a new way to understand how entangled particles behave and improving the testing and development of quantum devices. Quantum entanglement links particles such that their properties remain connected across distances, and researchers found that measurement setups and entanglement levels affect these
- [NASA's ‘Curiosity’ Rover Discovers Key Organic Molecules on Mars](https://modernsciences.org/nasa-curiosity-rover-organic-molecules-mars-april-2025/) - The Curiosity rover drilled into a Martian rock sample called "Cumberland," located in Gale Crater, a site scientists believe may have once held liquid water. While the main goal was to search for amino acids (the building blocks of proteins), the team unexpectedly found that the sample released small amounts of decane, undecane, and dodecane
- [Scientists Discover New Antibiotic Molecule with Unique Action Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria](https://modernsciences.org/lariocidin-antibiotic-drug-resistant-bacteria-april-2025/) - At a Glance Scientists have identified a new antibiotic called lariocidin. This antibiotic targets bacteria by disrupting their protein synthesis, offering a novel method to fight strains resistant to current treatments. Lariocidin’s mechanism involves binding to the bacterial ribosome, making it highly effective against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and helping address a global health crisis responsible for
- [Can a daily nap do more harm than good? A sleep researcher explains](https://modernsciences.org/napping-benefits-sleep-cycle-regulation-power-nap-tips-circadian-rhythm-april-2025/) - Talar Moukhtarian, University of Warwick You’re in the middle of the afternoon, eyelids heavy, focus slipping. You close your eyes for half an hour and wake up feeling recharged. But later that night, you’re tossing and turning in bed, wondering why you can’t drift off. That midday snooze which felt so refreshing at the time
- [Uncorking the past: new analysis of Troy findings rewrites the story of wine in the early bronze age](https://modernsciences.org/ancient-troy-wine-consumption-bronze-age-archaeology-residue-analysis-april-2025/) - Stephan Blum, University of Tübingen Wine drinking in ancient Troy was not restricted to the upper classes, as has long been supposed – something our new research has established for the first time. Colleagues at the University of Tübingen and I have discovered that wine was also enjoyed by the common folk, independent of upper-class
- [Four small planets discovered around one of the closest stars to Earth – an expert explains what we know](https://modernsciences.org/exoplanet-discovery-barnards-star-red-dwarf-habitable-zone-astronomy-research-april-2025/) - Coel Hellier, Keele University Barnard’s Star is a small, dim star, of the type that astronomers call red dwarfs. Consequently, even though it is one of the closest stars to Earth, such that its light takes only six years to get here, it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. Now, four
- [Why history instruction is critical for combating online misinformation](https://modernsciences.org/history-education-media-literacy-critical-thinking-online-misinformation-april-2025/) - Lightning Jay, Binghamton University, State University of New York Can you tell fact from fiction online? In a digital world, few questions are more important or more challenging. For years, some commentators have called for K-12 teachers to take on fake news, media literacy, or online misinformation by doubling down on critical thinking. This push
- [Study Finds Wearable Tech Helps Type 2 Diabetes Patients Stick to Exercise Routines](https://modernsciences.org/wearable-tech-type-2-diabetes-exercise-adherence-april-2025/) - At a Glance A recent study found that wearable health technology significantly helps people with Type 2 Diabetes stick to home-based exercise routines, increasing motivation and adherence through real-time feedback and support. The MOTIVATE-T2D program achieved an 82 percent retention rate after 12 months, gradually guiding participants to 150 minutes of weekly exercise with help
- [Why wild swimming is better for your mental wellbeing than open-air pools](https://modernsciences.org/wild-swimming-mental-wellbeing-blue-care-cold-water-therapy-april-2025/) - Lewis Elliott, University of Exeter On Perranporth beach in Cornwall, UK, a local outdoor swimming group called the Perranporth Bluetits is out in force. This group are determined to make the most of another chilly day as they plunge into the Atlantic for a dip. They emerge smiling. Their camaraderie and collective sense of achievement
- [UCLA Researchers Develop Sensors to Continuously Monitor Metabolites in the Body](https://modernsciences.org/ucla-researchers-continuous-metabolite-monitoring-april-2025/) - At a Glance UCLA researchers have developed a new sensor that continuously tracks metabolites in real-time. This sensor offers dynamic insights into human health beyond traditional lab tests, which capture only isolated snapshots. The technology, called tandem metabolic reaction-based sensors, mimics the body’s natural biochemical reactions and uses carbon nanotubes to generate electrical signals that
- [Early exposure to air pollution could affect brain development and mental health later in life: new research](https://modernsciences.org/air-pollution-exposure-child-development-mental-health-risk-neurodevelopment-april-2025/) - Matthew Hobbs, Sheffield Hallam University; Joseph Boden, University of Otago; Lianne Jane Woodward, University of Canterbury, and Susie (Bingyu) Deng, University of Liverpool Exposure to air pollution in early life could have lasting effects on child development and mental health in adolescence, according to our recent study. We integrated air pollution data with existing longitudinal

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## Research Archives

- [The oldest fossil record of a living true eel lineage (Protanguillidae, Anguilliformes) from Mexico reveals the gradual acquisition of modern eel traits](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/the-oldest-fossil-record-of-a-living-true-eel-lineage-protanguillidae-anguilliformes-from-mexico-reveals-the-gradual-acquisition-of-modern-eel-traits/) - Sebastián Huacuja-Barraza1* and Kleyton M. Cantalice2 1Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas – UNAM, Unidad de Posgrado Edificio D primer piso, Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, México 2Departamento de Paleontología, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México *Corresponding author: Email: sebastian_huacuja{at}ciencias.unam.mx (HB) bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.03.674097 Posted: September 07, 2025, Version 1
- [Complexity Begets Simplicity: Self-Supervised Learning for Palaeontological Images with Few or No Labels](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/complexity-begets-simplicity-self-supervised-learning-for-palaeontological-images-with-few-or-no-labels/) - Niall Rodgers1* 1UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom *niall.rodgers{at}ed.ac.uk bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.13.688022 Posted: November 14, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Palaeontology has seen widespread and growing use of machine learning to classify
- [Theoretical Morphology of Avian Wing Planform Reveals Variable Optimisation to Flight Style](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/theoretical-morphology-of-avian-wing-planform-reveals-variable-optimisation-to-flight-style/) - Benton Walters1*, Yuming Liu2, Emily J Rayfield2 and Philip C.J. Donoghue2 1University of Bristol School of Earth Sciences; 2University of Bristol *Corresponding author; email: oz22244{at}bristol.ac.uk bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.64898/2025.12.16.692902 Posted: December 18, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Summary Bird wings exhibit a broad degree of functional and
- [Exploring the preservation of a parasitic trace in decapod crustaceans using finite elements analysis](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/exploring-the-preservation-of-a-parasitic-trace-in-decapod-crustaceans-using-finite-elements-analysis/) - Nathan Wright1*, Adiël A. Klompmaker2 and Elizabeth Petsios1 1Department of Geosciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America 2Department of Museum Research and Collections & Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States of America * Corresponding author; email: nathan_wright1{at}baylor.edu bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.07.570666 Posted: December 08, 2023, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons
- [Arthropod Diversity at Two Sites with Different Disturbance Levels at the Texas A&M International University](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/arthropod-diversity-at-two-sites-with-different-disturbance-levels-at-the-texas-am-international-university/) - Eduardo Siller1* 1The Hospitals of Providence Sierra Campus, El Paso TX *Corresponding author; email: eduardosilleru{at}gmail.com bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.01.616158 Posted: October 01, 2024, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract This research aimed to measure arthropod species richness in two different sites with different disturbance
- [Lateral inhibition governs ancestral cellular patterning in fossil and extant liverworts](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/lateral-inhibition-governs-ancestral-cellular-patterning-in-fossil-and-extant-liverworts/) - Josep Mercadal1*†, Susan Tremblay2, Leonie Kraska3, Martin A. Hutten4 and Pau Formosa-Jordan15* 1Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany 2New York State Museum, Madison Avenue, Albany, NY, 12230, USA 3LadHyX, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau Cedex 91128, France 4DOI National Park Service, Glacier Bay National Park & Preserve, Gustavus, AK,
- [Assessing the impact of character evolution models on phylogenetic and macroevolutionary inferences from fossil data](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/assessing-the-impact-of-character-evolution-models-on-phylogenetic-and-macroevolutionary-inferences-from-fossil-data/) - David F. Wright1234* and Melanie J. Hopkins4 1Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, 2401 Chautauqua Avenue, Norman, OK, 73072, USA 2School of Geosciences, University of Oklahoma, 100 E Boyd Street, Norman, OK, 73019, USA 3Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA 4American Museum of Natural History, Division of Paleontology (Invertebrates),
- [Mass Extinction Triggered the Early Radiations of Jawed Vertebrates and Relatives (Gnathostomes)](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/mass-extinction-triggered-the-early-radiations-of-jawed-vertebrates-and-relatives-gnathostomes/) - Wahei Hagiwara1 and Lauren Sallan*1 1Macroevolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onnason, Kunigamigun, Okinawa 904 0495, Japan *Corresponding author. Email: Lauren.Sallan{at}oist.jp bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.11.673971 Posted: September 12, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ABSTRACT Most vertebrate lineages are first recorded from the mid-Paleozoic,
- [FINS - A global occurrence dataset of fossil neoselachians from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/fins-a-global-occurrence-dataset-of-fossil-neoselachians-from-the-cretaceous-to-the-quaternary/) - Kristína Kocáková1*, Jaime A. Villafaña2, Amanda Gardiner13, Gregor H. Mathes14 and Catalina Pimiento15* 1Department of Paleontology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 2Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción; Concepción, Chile 3Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom 4Chair of Physical Geography, University of Passau, Passau, Germany 5Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United
- [Predator-prey scaling laws support a suspension-feeding lifestyle in Cambrian luolishaniid lobopodians](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/predator-prey-scaling-laws-support-a-suspension-feeding-lifestyle-in-cambrian-luolishaniid-lobopodians/) - Jared C. Richards1* and Javier Ortega-Hernández1* 1Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA *Corresponding authors: jrichards{at}g.harvard.edu, jortegahernandez{at}fas.harvard.edu bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.05.686786 Posted: March 04, 2026, Version 4 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ABSTRACT The early Paleozoic
- [Latitudinal dependence of stability trends in marine plankton in the Cenozoic](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/latitudinal-dependence-of-stability-trends-in-marine-plankton-in-the-cenozoic/) - Maike L. Morrison1*, Adam Woodhouse23 and Anshuman Swain45 1Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA 2School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K. 3School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
- [Revised nomenclature of avian quadrate morphology and a detailed survey of clade-specific anatomical features](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/revised-nomenclature-of-avian-quadrate-morphology-and-a-detailed-survey-of-clade-specific-anatomical-features-2/) - Pei-Chen Kuo12*, Roger Benson3 and Daniel J. Field245* 1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England, UK 3American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA 4Museum of
- [Revised nomenclature of avian quadrate morphology and a detailed survey of clade-specific anatomical features](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/revised-nomenclature-of-avian-quadrate-morphology-and-a-detailed-survey-of-clade-specific-anatomical-features/) - Pei-Chen Kuo12*, Roger Benson3 and Daniel J. Field245* 1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England, UK 3American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA 4Museum of
- [Brawn before bite in endemic Asian mammals after the end-Cretaceous extinction](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/brawn-before-bite-in-endemic-asian-mammals-after-the-end-cretaceous-extinction/) - Z. Jack Tseng125*, Qian Li3** and Suyin Ting24 1Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley; California 94720, U.S.A 2Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County; California 90007, U.S.A 3Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100044, China 4Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University; Baton
- [The taxonomics of the diverse, lithe basal eutyrannosaur genera and species of late Maastrichtian western North America](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/the-taxonomics-of-the-diverse-lithe-basal-eutyrannosaur-genera-and-species-of-late-maastrichtian-western-north-america/) - Franco Sancarlo1* and Gregory S. Paul2 1Via Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa 8, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013, Italia 23100 St Paul St. 604, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA *Corresponding author: franco.sancarlo.sgr{at}gmail.com; bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.64898/2025.12.10.693447 Posted: February 26, 2026, Version 3 Copyright: GSP1954{at}aol.com Abstract In 1946 Gilmore observed that the Hell Creek Formation component of the late Maastrichtian TT-zone contained more tyrannosaur taxa than just
- [The small Canidae from Cuvieri Cave (Quaternary, Pleistocene), Lagoa Santa, eastern Brazil](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/the-small-canidae-from-cuvieri-cave-quaternary-pleistocene-lagoa-santa-eastern-brazil-2/) - Artur Chahud1* 1Laboratory for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo. Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil *E-mail: arturchahud{at}yahoo.com bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.22.650051 Posted: April 26, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- [Occurrence of Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838, (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Quaternary deposits of Lagoa Santa, Brazil](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/occurrence-of-anoura-geoffroyi-gray-1838-chiroptera-phyllostomidae-in-quaternary-deposits-of-lagoa-santa-brazil-2/) - Artur Chahud1* 1Laboratory for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo. Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil *E-mail: arturchahud{at}yahoo.com bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.30.651513 Posted: May 06, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- [A morphometric approach to the taxonomic dilemma of Zonozoe drabowiensis Barrande, 1872 and Zonoscutum solum Chlupáč, 1999 (Upper Ordovician, Czech Republic)](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/a-morphometric-approach-to-the-taxonomic-dilemma-of-zonozoe-drabowiensis-barrande-1872-and-zonoscutum-solum-chlupac-1999-upper-ordovician-czech-republic/) - Lorenzo Lustri12*, Lukáš Laibl3, Luis Collantes12, Jana Bruthansová4, Martina Nohejlová5, Yu Liu126 and Stephen Pates78 1Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, China 2MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China 3Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geology, Rozvojová 269, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic 4Department of Palaeontology, National Museum, Cirkusová
- [The fossil record of siliceous sponge spicules can be taken at face value](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/the-fossil-record-of-siliceous-sponge-spicules-can-be-taken-at-face-value/) - Sandy Y. Cui12, Nicole S. Mizrahi3, Shaily Rahman34, Scott A. Nichols5, Talia S. Karim1 and Carl Simpson13* 1University of Colorado Museum of Natural History; Boulder, CO, USA 80309 2Department of Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago; Chicago, IL, USA 60637 3Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder; Boulder, CO, USA 80309 4Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of
- [Predicting Morphological Disparities in Sea Urchin Skeleton Growth and Form](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/environmental-science/predicting-morphological-disparities-in-sea-urchin-skeleton-growth-and-form-2/) - Maria Abou Chakra12*, Miroslav Lovric3 and Jonathon Stone245 1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Department of Evolutionary Theory, Plön, SH 24306, Germany. +19059221312, Fax +494522763-260 2McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada 3McMaster University, Mathematics & Statistics Department, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada 4McMaster University, Origins Institute,
- [StratPal: An R package for creating stratigraphic paleobiology modeling pipelines](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/humanities/stratpal-an-r-package-for-creating-stratigraphic-paleobiology-modeling-pipelines-2/) - Niklas Hohmann*1 and Emilia Jarochowska1 1Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht University, The Netherlands *Corresponding author, Email: N.H.Hohmann{at}uu.nl bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.22.624834 Posted: November 22, 2024, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The fossil record is an important source of information to understand biological
- [When paleontology meets genomics: complete mitochondrial genomes of two saber-toothed cats’ species (Felidae: Machairodontinae)](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/when-paleontology-meets-genomics-complete-mitochondrial-genomes-of-two-saber-toothed-cats-species-felidae-machairodontinae-2/) - Igor Henrique Rodrigues-Oliveira123, Iuri Batista da Silva123, Renan Rodrigues Rocha234, Rafael Augusto Silva Soares23, Fabiano Bezerra Menegídio4, Caroline Garcia5, Rubens Pasa23 and Karine Frehner Kavalco23* 1Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil 2Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Federal University of Viçosa Campus Rio Paranaíba, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, 38810-000, Brazil 3Laboratory of Ecological and Evolutionary
- [A collaborative regional multisite and multi-departmental initiative for improving consensus on clinical outcomes data in spine surgery](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/a-collaborative-regional-multisite-and-multi-departmental-initiative-for-improving-consensus-on-clinical-outcomes-data-in-spine-surgery/) - Bahar Shahidi, PT, PhD16†, Robert K. Eastlack, MD26, Gregory M Mundis, MD26, Choll Kim, MD, PhD3, R. Todd Allen, MD, PhD1, Steven R. Garfin, MD1, Joseph Osorio, MD, PhD4, William Taylor, MD4, Peter O. Newton, MD156, Samuel R. Ward, PT, PhD16 and Behrooz A. Akbarnia, MD16 1UC San Diego Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 2Scripps Clinic Medical Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 3Excel Spine Center, San Diego
- [Retained Surgical Item Incidence in the United States from 2016 to 2023: A Descriptive Study](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/retained-surgical-item-incidence-in-the-united-states-from-2016-to-2023-a-descriptive-study/) - Danel Mayan, MD1, Pam Kumparatana, MPH, MSSW1, Agith Antony, DO, MS1 and Kenneth A. Taylor, DPT, PhD1* 1Komodo Health, Inc., 257 Park Ave S, Floor 2, New York, NY 10010 *Corresponding Author : Kenneth A. Taylor, ken.taylor{at}komodohealth.com, 257 Park Ave S, Floor 2, New York, NY 10010 medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.26.25329866 Posted: June 27, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a
- [Remote Perioperative Symptom Monitoring via Smartphone: A largescale feasibility analysis](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/remote-perioperative-symptom-monitoring-via-smartphone-a-largescale-feasibility-analysis/) - Madelyn R. Frumkin, Gabrielle R. Messner, Katherine J. Holzer, Ziqi Xu, Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Haley Bernstein, Karen Frey, Saivee Ahuja, Chenyang Lu, Simon Haroutounian 1Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Departments of Biomedical Data Science and Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA 2Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North
- [Diagnostic Performance of Doppler Ultrasound for Acute Appendicitis: A Systematic Review and Diagnostic Test Accuracy Meta-Analysis](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/diagnostic-performance-of-doppler-ultrasound-for-acute-appendicitis-a-systematic-review-and-diagnostic-test-accuracy-meta-analysis/) - Javier Arredondo Montero, (MD, PhD)1* and María Rico-Jiménez, MD2 1Pediatric Surgery Department, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain 2Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain *Corresponding author: Javier Arredondo Montero, MD, PhD Address: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León. c/Altos de Nava s/n, 24008 León, Castilla y León, Spain Email: jarredondo{at}saludcastillayleon.es/ javier.montero.arredondo{at}gmail.com Phone: +34
- [Cost-effectiveness of Intraoperative Fluorescence Angiography to Prevent Anastomotic Leak in Rectal Cancer Surgery: Economic Evaluation alongside the IntAct Randomised Controlled Trial](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/cost-effectiveness-of-intraoperative-fluorescence-angiography-to-prevent-anastomotic-leak-in-rectal-cancer-surgery-economic-evaluation-alongside-the-intact-randomised-controlled-trial-2/) - David Meads, Armando Vargas-Palacios, Neil Corrigan, Gemma Ainsworth, Julie Croft, Ronan Cahill, Kathryn Gordon, Andrew Kirby, Albert Wolthuis, Roel Hompes, Deborah D Stocken, David Jayne 1Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK 2Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- [Cost-effectiveness of Intraoperative Fluorescence Angiography to Prevent Anastomotic Leak in Rectal Cancer Surgery: Economic Evaluation alongside the IntAct Randomised Controlled Trial](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/cost-effectiveness-of-intraoperative-fluorescence-angiography-to-prevent-anastomotic-leak-in-rectal-cancer-surgery-economic-evaluation-alongside-the-intact-randomised-controlled-trial/) - David Meads, Armando Vargas-Palacios, Neil Corrigan, Gemma Ainsworth, Julie Croft, Ronan Cahill, Kathryn Gordon, Andrew Kirby, Albert Wolthuis, Roel Hompes, Deborah D Stocken, and David Jayne 1Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK 2Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United
- [Risk assessment in cardiac surgery: Exploring machine learning and laboratory indices as adjunctive tools](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/risk-assessment-in-cardiac-surgery-exploring-machine-learning-and-laboratory-indices-as-adjunctive-tools/) - Wesley Chorney1* and John Hinchion2 1School of Medicine, University College Cork, County Cork, Ireland 2Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cork University Hospital, County Cork, Ireland *wchorney{at}umail.ucc.ie medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.10.25337755 Posted: October 13, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Background Post-operative outcomes of cardiovascular surgery vary
- [Mechanical thrombectomy with the Vecta 46 catheter: a safety and outcome analysis](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/mechanical-thrombectomy-with-the-vecta-46-catheter-a-safety-and-outcome-analysis/) - Hunter Hutchinson, Chloe DeYoung, Danyas Sarathy, Grace Hey, Wiley Gillam, Shawna Amini, Muhammad Abdul Baker Chowdhury, Brandon Lucke-Wold, Zachary Sorrentino, and Matthew Koch College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA 2Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA *Correspondence to hutchinsonhunter{at}ufl.edu, danyas.sarathy{at}neurosurgery.ufl.edu, matthew.koch{at}neurosurgery.ufl.edu medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.17.25338262 Posted: October 20, 2025, Version 1
- [Timing, safety, and efficacy of initiating anticoagulation in intracranial surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/timing-safety-and-efficacy-of-initiating-anticoagulation-in-intracranial-surgery-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/) - Negin Safari Dehnavi, Farzan Fahim, Parniya Amini, Reza Saeedinia, Ali Saravani, Mana Majlesi, Mohammad Maroufi, Ahmad Fathinejad, and Alireza Zali. 1Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Research Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2Neurosurgery Resident at Shohada-E-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science,
- [Short-Term Modulation of Epileptic Network with Low-Frequency Thalamic Stimulation](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/short-term-modulation-of-epileptic-network-with-low-frequency-thalamic-stimulation/) - 1Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA 2Department of Radiological Sciences and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Department of Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School
- [Atmospheric pattern correlates of human brain structure](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/atmospheric-pattern-correlates-of-human-brain-structure/) - Max Korbmacher123+, Ole A. Andreassen45, Lars T. Westlye456, Ivan I. Maximov2* and Ivan Kuznetsov7* 1Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway 2Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway 3Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualisation centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway 4Center for Precision Psychiatry, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Norway 5K.G.
- [Reduced brain entropy in migraine with partial restoration during attacks: A resting-state fMRI study](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/reduced-brain-entropy-in-migraine-with-partial-restoration-during-attacks-a-resting-state-fmri-study/) - Saberi Majid1, Dajung J Kim1, Xiao-Su Hu1 and Alexandre F DaSilva1* 1Headache and Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Biologic and Materials Science & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA *Corresponding Author: adasilva{at}umich.edu medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.29.25339059 Posted: October 31, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described
- [Multivariate age-related variations in quantitative MRI maps: Widespread age-related differences revisited](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/multivariate-age-related-variations-in-quantitative-mri-maps-widespread-age-related-differences-revisited/) - Soodeh Moallemian12, Christine Bastin1, Martina F. Callaghan3†* and Christophe Phillips1* 1GIGA-CRC Human Imaging, University of Liège, Belgium 2Center for Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University–Newark, Newark, NJ 07102, United States of America 3Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK †Corresponding author. m.callaghan{at}ucl.ac.uk medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.19.23297253 Posted: November 07, 2025, Version 2 Copyright: * Authors equally contributed.
- [Impact of Standard versus Extended Natalizumab Dosing and Treatment Withdrawal on Relapse, Disability, MRI Activity and Safety in Adults with MS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/impact-of-standard-versus-extended-natalizumab-dosing-and-treatment-withdrawal-on-relapse-disability-mri-activity-and-safety-in-adults-with-ms-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/) - Vihaan Sahu1*, Mohith Balakrishnan1 and Dhaneesh Rucher Jetty1 1Georgian National University SEU, Tbilisi, Georgia *Corresponding Author: Vihaan Sahu, Email: vsahu{at}seu.edu.ge medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.20.25338391 Posted: November 10, 2025, Version 2 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Background Natalizumab is a high-efficacy therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Balancing efficacy with
- [Historical Petrol-Lead Emissions and Motor Neurone Disease Mortality in Australia: Evidence for a 20-Year Lag Relationship](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/historical-petrol-lead-emissions-and-motor-neurone-disease-mortality-in-australia-evidence-for-a-20-year-lag-relationship/) - Mark A.S. Laidlaw, (Independent Researcher), PhD1* 1Independent researcher, Melbourne, Australia *Email: markas1968{at}gmail.com medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.06.25339701 Posted: November 10, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: Author Contributions M.A.L. conceived the study, in collaboration with Chat GPT 5.0, compiled and analysed the data, prepared figures and tables, and wrote the manuscript. The author approved the final version of the paper and is solely responsible
- [Building a Roadmap for Nutrition Education in Medical Training: Lessons from a Student-Led Pilot](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/building-a-roadmap-for-nutrition-education-in-medical-training-lessons-from-a-student-led-pilot/) - Akash Patel1, Ritika Modi1, William McGonigle1 and Gauri Agarwal2* 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA 2University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Division of Academic Medicine, Miami, FL, USA *Corresponding Author Gauri Agarwal, gagarwal{at}med.miami.edu medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.03.25339436 Posted: November 07, 2025, Version 2 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0,
- [Corrective Re-analysis of the Alirocumab ODYSSEY Outcomes Trial Suggests the Clinical Importance of Lipoprotein(a) Remain Substantially Underestimated](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/corrective-re-analysis-of-the-alirocumab-odyssey-outcomes-trial-suggests-the-clinical-importance-of-lipoproteina-remain-substantially-underestimated/) - Hu Hong* 1China Universal Asset Management *Corresponding author; email: eeeqxxtg{at}pku.edu.cn medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.29.25338763 Posted: November 10, 2025, Version 2 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Although Lp(a) is an established risk factor for ASCVD, our analysis indicates its importance remains substantially underestimated. Reanalyzing cardiovascular outcomes
- [Clinical Validity of Autosomal Dominant ALPK3 Loss-of-function Variants as a Cause of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/clinical-validity-of-autosomal-dominant-alpk3-loss-of-function-variants-as-a-cause-of-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/) - Sophie Hespe, Emma S. Singer, Chloe Reuter, Brittney Murray, Elizabeth Jordan, Jessica Chowns, Stacey Peters, Megan Mayers, Belinda Gray, Ray E. Hershberger, Anjali Owens, Christopher Semsarian, Amber Waddell, Babken Asatryan, Emma Owens, Courtney Thaxton, Mhy-Lanie Adduru, Kailyn Anderson, Emily E. Brown, Lily Hoffman-Andrews, Fergus Stafford, Richard D. Bagnall, Lucas Bronicki, Bert Callewaert, C. Anwar A. Chahal, Cynthia A. James, Olga Jarinova, Andrew P. Landstrom, Elizabeth M. McNally, Laura Muiño-Mosquera, Victoria Parikh, Roddy Walsh, Bess Wayburn, James S. Ware, Benjamin L. Parker, Enzo R. Porrello, David A. Elliott, James W. McNamara, Jodie Ingles 1Genomics and Inherited Disease Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia 3Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia 4Stanford Center for Inherited
- [Prognostic Value of Coronary CT in Outpatients with Chest Pain: A 5-Year MACE Analysis Stratified by ASCVD Risk](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/prognostic-value-of-coronary-ct-in-outpatients-with-chest-pain-a-5-year-mace-analysis-stratified-by-ascvd-risk/) - Dongwon Kim, Jinha Lee, Hyunhee Choi, Taesun Kim, Minjung Kim, Agnes S. Kim, Michael Azrin, Juyong Lee, Kyungsoon Hong, Kyutae Park 1Cardiovascular Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea 2Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington CT, USA 3Center for Population Health, UConn Health,
- [Cardiac Classification with Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network From Paper ECG](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/cardiac-classification-with-multi-scale-convolutional-neural-network-from-paper-ecg/) - Xue Cheng1, Jiang Yi1 and Gao Peng1* 1Fudan University, Shanghai, China *Corresponding author, gpeng0105{at}gmail.com. medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.05.25337357 Posted: October 07, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: xue.cheng21{at}fudan.edu.cn ABSTRACT In cardiology, the classification of electrocardiograms (ECGs) or heartbeats serves as a vital instrument. Techniques grounded in deep learning for ECG signal examination support medical professionals in swiftly identifying heart ailments, thereby aiding in life preservation.
- [Prognostic Value of the Neutrophil Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio for All-Cause Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/prognostic-value-of-the-neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin-ratio-for-all-cause-mortality-in-critically-ill-patients-with-acute-myocardial-infarction-a-retrospective-cohort-study-based-on-the-mimic-iv-d/) - Chunxu Song, Kaiwen Xiao, Nan Zhang, Jingtao Cao, Jiayi Guo, Jiayi Shi, Chao Liu medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.13.25337933 Posted: October 15, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract Background Critically ill patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) face high mortality, and existing risk stratification tools are limited. The neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR), reflecting both systemic inflammation and nutritional status, may serve as a simple prognostic marker. Methods Data were
- [ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CLIMATIC VARIABLES AND CARDIOVASCULAR HOSPITALIZATIONS IN BRAZIL: AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/association-between-climatic-variables-and-cardiovascular-hospitalizations-in-brazil-an-ecological-study/) - Bruna Dóris, Gabriel Savogin Andraus, Rajesh da Silva Seunaraine, Débora Nabor de Cássia Silva, Natália da Silva Teixeira, Bruno Siegel Guerra, Thyago Proença de Moraes, Gustavo Lenci Marques 1Universidade Federal do Paraná, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Curitiba, Paraná - Brazil 2Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná - Brazil 3MUNAI, Curitiba,
- [Clinician Insights into Effective Components, Delivery Characteristics, and Implementation Strategies of Ambulatory Palliative Care for People with Heart Failure: A Qualitative Analysis](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/clinician-insights-into-effective-components-delivery-characteristics-and-implementation-strategies-of-ambulatory-palliative-care-for-people-with-heart-failure-a-qualitative-analysis/) - Shelli Feder, PhD, APRN, FNP-C, ACHPN, FPCN, FAHA12, Lynne Iannone, MA23, Dora Lendvai, PhD, RN12, Yan Zhan, MBA, RN1, Kathleen Akgün, MD, MS23, Mary Ersek, PhD, RN, FPCN4, Carol Luhrs, MD5, Larry A. Allen, MD, MHS6, David B. Bekelman, MD, MPH7, Nathan Goldstein, MD8 and Dio Kavalieratos, PhD FAAHPM9 aYale School of Nursing, Orange, CT bVA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 1Yale School of Nursing
- [Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Cardiovascular Disease in a Military Cardiac Center in Yemen](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/clinical-presentation-risk-factors-and-outcomes-of-cardiovascular-disease-in-a-military-cardiac-center-in-yemen/) - Abdulelah Mansoor Al-Ganad12*, Ahmed Al-Motarreb3, Taha Al-Maimoony3, Nabil Al-Rabeei1, Abdulaziz Aonallah2 and Esmail Al-Dabis2 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al-Razi University, Sana’a, Yemen 2Military Cardiac Center, Sana’a, Yemen 3Faculty of Medicine, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen, Public Health Surveillance Program, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Yemen *Corresponding author; Email: 4s4.alganad{at}gmail.com medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.08.04.25332803 Posted: August 08, 2025, Version 2 Copyright: This pre-print is available
- [Comparative Clinical Outcomes of Everolimus versus Biolimus-Eluting Stents: A Meta-Analysis of 27,071 Patients from Randomized Trials](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/comparative-clinical-outcomes-of-everolimus-versus-biolimus-eluting-stents-a-meta-analysis-of-27071-patients-from-randomized-trials/) - View ORCID ProfileI M Khalid Reza, Shankar Biswas, Elangovan Krishnan, KC Anil, Varshitha Bezawada, Spurthy Sri Namala, Mansi Chaudhari, Joel Jayan Peniel, Zainab Abid Shah, Yashvant Pravinbhai Bodar, Hakim Ullah Wazir, Somaiya Ahmed, Okasha Tahir, Jeimy Marilyn Castellanos, Mohammad Semaal Khan 1Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh 2Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76000, Ukraine 3University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA 4Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida, HCA GME, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA 5Government Medical College, Ongole 523001, India 6Gandhi Medical
- [Systemic burden predicts patient-reported health status independently of left ventricular ejection fraction in older adults with heart failure](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/systemic-burden-predicts-patient-reported-health-status-independently-of-left-ventricular-ejection-fraction-in-older-adults-with-heart-failure/) - Le Huy Hoang Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Anh Pham, Cong Tuan Trinh, Ha Ngoc The Than, Ngoc Hoanh My Tien Nguyen, Huy Tung Pham 1School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Address: 217 Hong Bang Street, Cho Lon Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 2Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University Medical Centre Ho Chi Minh City, Address: 217 Hong Bang
- [Factors Associated with Drug Interactions in Medical Prescriptions Received in Community Pharmacies in Yaoundé](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/factors-associated-with-drug-interactions-in-medical-prescriptions-received-in-community-pharmacies-in-yaounde/) - Donald Embogo, C Nnanga, AP Minyem Ngombi, Sandra Elono B., Eric Nseme 1Department of Public Health and Specialities, Training and Research Unit in Medical Sciences, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan – Cocody 2Forensic Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon 3Scientific Society of Forensic and Expert Medicine of Cameroon (SMEC) 4Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of
- [ECG classification with convolutional neural networks demonstrates resilience to sex-imbalances in data](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/ecg-classification-with-convolutional-neural-networks-demonstrates-resilience-to-sex-imbalances-in-data/) - Diantha JM Schipaanboord, Floor van der Zalm, René van Es, Melle Vessies, Rutger R van de Leur, Klaske R Siegersma, Pim van der Harst, Hester M den Ruijter, N Charlotte Onland-Moret, Wouter AC van Amsterdam 1Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands 2Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary
- [BASILICA or snorkel stenting to prevent or treat coronary obstruction: Multicenter international COBRA-TAVR registry](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/basilica-or-snorkel-stenting-to-prevent-or-treat-coronary-obstruction-multicenter-international-cobra-tavr-registry/) - Hiroki A. Ueyama, John C. Lisko, Adam B. Greenbaum, Isida Byku, Patrick T. Gleason, Chandan M. Devireddy, Norihiko Kamioka, Toby Rogers, Jaffar M. Khan, Gaetano Paone, Robert J. Lederman, Vasilis C. Babaliaros COBRA Investigators 1Division of Cardiology, Emory Structural Heart and Valve Center, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia, USA 2Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan 3Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C., USA 4St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center, Roslyn, New
- [The Impact of CYP2C19 Genotype on Clopidogrel Response and Clinical Outcomes in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Correlation with SYNTAX Score](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/the-impact-of-cyp2c19-genotype-on-clopidogrel-response-and-clinical-outcomes-in-coronary-artery-disease-patients-a-correlation-with-syntax-score/) - Sohaib Ashraf, Amjad Mujtaba, Amir Shahbaz, Shoaib Ashraf, Moneeb Ashraf, Rutaba Akmal, Muhammad Ahmad Imran, Sidra Ashraf, Meer Hassan, Qazi Abdul Saboor aDepartment of Cardiology, Shaikh Zayed Post-Graduate Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan bDepartment of Pathobiology, Riphah University, Lahore, Pakistan cDepartment of Pharmacology, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan dDepartment of Microbiology, Shaikh Zayed
- [Patient and Physician Perspectives on Cardiovascular Risk: A Multicenter Study of Communication Gaps](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/patient-and-physician-perspectives-on-cardiovascular-risk-a-multicenter-study-of-communication-gaps/) - Cardiovascular disease, Risk communication, Patient-physician communication, SEC-HARIPA study, Cardiovascular risk perception, Informed decision-making, Cardiology hospital admissions, Clinical risk assessment, Patient perspectives, Physician perspectives, Spanish cardiology study, Procedural complications, Healthcare communication gaps, Cross-sectional analysis 1Cardiology Department, Central de la Defensa Gómez-Ulla University Hospital. Madrid, Spain 2Cardiology Department, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz University Hospital. Madrid, Spain 3Cardiology Department, University
- [Finerenone Prescriptions in the US (2021-2024) by Physician Specialty: Analysis of Use and Potential in the CKM Space](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/finerenone-prescriptions-in-the-us-2021-2024-by-physician-specialty-analysis-of-use-and-potential-in-the-ckm-space/) - Yara Jelwan, Tianyu Cao, Zhiqi Yao, Semenawit Burka, John Erharbor, Phillip Berning, Omar Dzaye, Michael Blaha 1Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention 2Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore 3University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States *Corresponding author; email: mblaha1{at}jhmi.edu medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.02.25337213 Posted: October 05, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is
- [Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Patients Referred for Transcatheter Tricuspid Edge-to-Edge Repair: Clinical Characteristics and Impact on Procedure Eligibility](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/cardiac-implantable-electronic-devices-in-patients-referred-for-transcatheter-tricuspid-edge-to-edge-repair-clinical-characteristics-and-impact-on-procedure-eligibility/) - Adam Rdzanek, Adam Piasecki, Jacopo Lin, Mariusz Tomaniak, Maria Królikowska, Pavlo Matsko, Agata Markiewicz, Michał Janiel, Ewa Pędzich, Agnieszka Kapłon Cieślicka, Ewa Ostrowska, Paweł Pawłowicz, Jarosław Trębacz, Rafał Gałąska, Patrycjusz Stokłosa, Sebastian Stefaniak, Michał Chmielecki, Paolo Denti, Andrzej Gackowski, Marek Grygier, Jerzy Pręgowski, Marcin Grabowski, Piotr Scisło, Francesco Maisano 11st Department of Cardiology; Medical University
- [Prediction of Outcomes in Infants with Hydrops Fetalis by Mode of Delivery: A Retrospective Cohort from a Low-Resource Setting in Kenya](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/prediction-of-outcomes-in-infants-with-hydrops-fetalis-by-mode-of-delivery-a-retrospective-cohort-from-a-low-resource-setting-in-kenya/) - Philippe P. Amubuomombe, Wycliffe K. Kosgei, Philiph Tonui K., Richard M. Mogeni, K. Mutindi, Sarah K. Esendi, Ruth Ngeleche, Paul Nyongesa, Irene Koech, Jignesh K. Jesani, Esther Wanjama, Rajshree K. Hirani, Emily Chesire, Donah Oeri, Audrey K. Chepkemboi, Deborah V. Makasi, Vahista J. Shroff, Bett C. Kipchumba, Pallavi Mishra, Philip Kirwa, Amgad Hamza, Wilson K. Aruasa, Ann Mwangi, Elkanah O. Orang’o 1Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Directorate of Reproductive Health, PO Box 3-30100, Eldoret, Kenya 2Moi University School of Medicine, Department of Reproductive Health, PO Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya 3Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Directorate of Child Health, PO Box 3-30100, Eldoret,
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- [Healthcare System Resilience and Adaptation: A Six-Year Analysis of Heart Failure Care in the Veterans Affairs System](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/healthcare-system-resilience-and-adaptation-a-six-year-analysis-of-heart-failure-care-in-the-veterans-affairs-system/) - Nicholas K. Brownell, Moira Inkelas, Lillian Chen, Mei Leng, Anthony Anh Quoc Doan, Nicholas Jackson, Priscilla Hsue, Michael Ong, Elizabeth Yano, Gregg C. Fonarow, Boback Ziaeian 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 2Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los
- [Establishing a Process for Community AED Data Transmission](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/establishing-a-process-for-community-aed-data-transmission/) - Sharon Bednar, Michelle Gossip, Nicole Ingram, Gregory Neiman, Amanda Stark, Marie Kreck, Atinuke Komolafe 1Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Department of Patient Safety and Quality Improvement, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America 2Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Department of Clinical Cardiology Administration, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America 3Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Department of Patient Safety and Quality Improvement, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America 4Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Department
- [Trends, Gender, and Racial Disparities in Patients with Mortality Due to Paroxysmal Tachycardia: A Nationwide Analysis from 1999-2020](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/trends-gender-and-racial-disparities-in-patients-with-mortality-due-to-paroxysmal-tachycardia-a-nationwide-analysis-from-1999-2020/) - Aman Goyal, Humza Saeed, Saif Yamin, Abdullah, Wania Sultan, Muhammad Khubaib Arshad, Samia Aziz Sulaiman, Gauranga Mahalwar 1Department of Internal Medicine, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India 2Department of Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 3School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 4Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan 5Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA *Address for correspondence, Gauranga Mahalwar,
- [Classification of 12-lead ECGs: the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2020](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/classification-of-12-lead-ecgs-the-physionet-computing-in-cardiology-challenge-2020/) - Erick Andres Perez Alday, Annie Gu, Amit Shah, Chad Robichaux, An-Kwok Ian Wong, Chengyu Liu, Feifei Liu, Ali Bahrami Rad, Andoni Elola, Salman Seyedi, Qiao Li, Ashish Sharma, Gari D. Clifford, Matthew A. Reyna 1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University 2Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University 3Department of Medicine, Division of
- [Opportunities to Address Specialty Care Deserts and the Digital Divide: VA’s Virtual Hub-and-Spoke Cardiology Clinic](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/opportunities-to-address-specialty-care-deserts-and-the-digital-divide-vas-virtual-hub-and-spoke-cardiology-clinic-2/) - Rebecca Tisdale, Colin Purmal, Neil Kalwani, Alexander Sandhu, Paul Heidenreich, Donna Zulman, Tanvir Hussain 1Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 2Center for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), Veterans Health Administration, Menlo Park, CA 3Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 4Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco,
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- [Enhancing Interventional Cardiology Training: A Porcine Heart-Based Coronary Intervention Simulator](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/enhancing-interventional-cardiology-training-a-porcine-heart-based-coronary-intervention-simulator-2/) - Joerg Reifart, MD1* and Paul Anthony Iaizzo, PhD1 1Visible Heart Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA *Address for Correspondence: Joerg Reifart MD, PhD,Visible Heart Laboratories, University of Minnesota B172 Mayo, MMC195 | 420 Delaware Street S.E.. Minneapolis, MN 55455, Email: reifartpublications{at}gmail.com Twitter/X handle: @opnaccesscardio medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.02.24312944 Posted: September 04, 2024, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available
- [Simplifying cardiology research abstracts: assessing ChatGPT’s readability and comprehensibility for non-medical audiences](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/simplifying-cardiology-research-abstracts-assessing-chatgpts-readability-and-comprehensibility-for-non-medical-audiences-2/) - Kabir Malkani, Zachary Falk, Ruina Zhang, Ryan Hughes, Prianca Tawde, Melissa Parker, Griffin P. Collins, Danielle Maizes, Alexander Zhao, Vinay Kini 1Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division on Cardiology, New York, NY, United States 2New York University Langone Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York, NY, United States *Corresponding author: Email: ycs9004{at}nyp.org (KM) medRxiv
- [Cardiology Knowledge Assessment of Retrieval-Augmented Open versus Proprietary Large Language Models](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/cardiology-knowledge-assessment-of-retrieval-augmented-open-versus-proprietary-large-language-models/) - Constantine Tarabanis, Shaan Khurshid, Areti Karamanou, Rodo Piperaki, Lucas A. Mavromatis, Aris Hatzimemos, Dimitrios Tachmatzidis, Constantinos Bakogiannis, Vassilios Vassilikos, Patrick T. Ellinor, Lior Jankelson, Evangelos Kalampokis 1Cardiology Division, Heart and Vascular Institute, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, USA 2Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge 3Telemachus and Irene Demoulas Family Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 4Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 5Information Systems Laboratory, University of Macedonia,
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- [Stress from Cadaver Dissection Linked to Learning Conditions: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/stress-from-cadaver-dissection-linked-to-learning-conditions-evidence-from-sub-saharan-africa-2/) - Jude Amechi Nnaka, Victor Udochukwu Ezeike, Kristjan Thompson, Izuchukwu Azuka Okafor 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, PMB 5001, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria 2Department of Mental Health, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada-Zuba, 902101, Gwagwalada, P.M.B. 228, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine,
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- [Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and its associated factors among patients with musculoskeletal compliant at Dilchora Referral Hospitals in Dire Dawa administration, Eastern Ethiopia, 2022](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/prevalence-of-carpal-tunnel-syndrome-and-its-associated-factors-among-patients-with-musculoskeletal-compliant-at-dilchora-referral-hospitals-in-dire-dawa-administration-eastern-ethiopia-2022-2/) - Tewodros Yesuf, Lecturer of Human Anatomy1, Hailu Aragie, Lecturer of Human Anatomy2 and Yared Asmare, Assistant Professor of Human Anatomy3* 1Biomedical department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Dire Dawa, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia 2School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia 3School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences,
- [‘Anatomy of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak of ‘vaccinated’: An observational case-control study of COVID-19 breakthrough infections, COVID-19 appropriate behavior and anti-spike-IgG response as a correlate of protection in Medical college students at Rural Medical …](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/anatomy-covid-19-breakthrough-outbreak/) - Miss Monika Chavan1, Dr. Sowmya Gayatri2, Dr. Suvarna Patil3, Dr. Janhavi Deshpande3, Dr. Arvind Yadav1, Dr. Prasanna Nakate6, Dr. Yogendra Shelke6 and Dr Anup N Nillawar1* 1Department of Biochemistry, BKL Walawalkar Rural medical College, Maharashtra, India 415606 2Department of Biochemistry, ESIC super-speciality Hospital, Sanath Nagar, Hyderabad, India 3Department of Medicine, BKL Walawalkar Rural medical College, Maharashtra, India 415606 6VRDL Laboratory, Department of Microbiology,
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- [Role of Flipped Classroom Method in Short and Long Term Retention in Anatomy](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/role-of-flipped-classroom-method-in-short-and-long-term-retention-in-anatomy-2/) - Dr. Payal Arvind Kasat, Senior Resident1, Dr. Vishwajit Deshmukh, Assistant Professor1, Dr. Gayatri Muthiyan, Associate Professor1*, Dr. T.S. Gugapriya, Additional Professor1, Dr. Aaditya Tarnekar, Professor and Head1, Dr. Bharat Sontakke, Assistant Professor1 and Dr Smita Sorte, Assistant Professor2 1Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India – 441108 2Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur,
- [Anatomy of digital contact tracing: role of age, transmission setting, adoption and case detection](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/anatomy-of-digital-contact-tracing-role-of-age-transmission-setting-adoption-and-case-detection-2/) - Jesús A. Moreno López12, Beatriz Arregui García12, Piotr Bentkowski1, Livio Bioglio3, Francesco Pinotti1, Pierre-Yves Boëlle1, Alain Barrat45, Vittoria Colizza1 and Chiara Poletto1* 1INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Paris, France 2Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, Palma de Mallorca, Spain 3Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy 4Aix Marseille Univ, Université de
- [Clarifying the anatomy of tetralogy of Fallot with S-shaped ascending aorta](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/clarifying-the-anatomy-of-tetralogy-of-fallot-with-s-shaped-ascending-aorta-2/) - Saurabh Kumar Gupta1*, Aprateem Mukharjee1, Niraj Nirmal Pandey1, Sivasubramanian Ramakrishnan1, Shyam Sunder Kothari2, Anita Saxena3 and Robert H Anderson4 1All India Institute of Medical Sciences 2U N Mehta Institute of cardiology 3All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 4University of Newcastle *Corresponding author Dr. Saurabh K Gupta Professor Department of Cardiology AIIMS, Delhi – 110029 Email id – drsaurabhmd{at}gmail.com Phone no.
- [CXCL12 drives natural variation in coronary artery anatomy across diverse populations](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/cxcl12-drives-natural-variation-in-coronary-artery-anatomy-across-diverse-populations-2/) - Pamela E. Rios Coronado1†, Daniela Zanetti234†, Jiayan Zhou32†, Jeffrey A. Naftaly1, Pratima Prabala1, Azalia M. Martínez Jaimes51, Elie N. Farah6, Xiaochen Fan1, Soumya Kundu78, Salil S. Deshpande9, Ivy Evergreen7, Pik Fang Kho23, Austin T. Hilliard3, Sarah Abramowitz101112, Saiju Pyarajan13, Daniel Dochtermann13, Million Veteran Program14, Scott M. Damrauer151617, Kyong-Mi Chang1518, Michael G. Levin1015, Virginia D. Winn19,
- [Multi-omics time-series analysis in microbiome research: a systematic review](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/multi-omics-time-series-analysis-in-microbiome-research-a-systematic-review-2/) - Moiz Khan Sherwani1*, Matti O. Ruuskanen2*, Dylan Feldner-Busztin3, Panos Nisantzis Firbas3, Gergely Boza4, Ágnes Móréh4, Tuomas Borman2, Pande Putu Erawijantari2, István Scheuring4, Shyam Gopalakrishnan1 and Leo Lahti2 1Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 2Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland 3Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal 4HUN-REN, Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary *Corresponding
- [A Congenic C57BL/6 rd1 Mouse Model for Retinal Degeneration Research](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/a-congenic-c57bl-6-rd1-mouse-model-for-retinal-degeneration-research-2/) - Laurel C. Chandler13*, Apolonia Gardner123* and Constance L. Cepko13† 1Departments of Genetics and Ophthalmology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 2Virology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 3Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 †Correspondence should be addressed to C.L.C. (cepko{at}genetics.med.harvard.edu), Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston MA 02115,
- [Bridging laboratory and field research: method adjustments to manipulate field-derived Aedes aegypti](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/bridging-laboratory-and-field-research-method-adjustments-to-manipulate-field-derived-aedes-aegypti-2/) - Yanouk Epelboin12*, Leonardo Daniel Ortega-Lopez1*#, Emilie Balthazar1, Alaïs Cornement3, Amandine Guidez3, Isabelle Dusfour3 and Mathilde Gendrin12@ 1Microbiota of Insect Vectors Group Institut Pasteur de la Guyane Cayenne French Guiana 2lnserm, UA17, Santé des Populations en Amazonie, Cayenne, French Guiana 3Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana @Correspondence should be sent to mathilde.gendrin{at}pasteur.fr # Population and Research Group. School of
- [AI-Based Detection of Coliform Colonies Using CNN Transfer Learning for Application to Cultured Plate Analysis in Water Quality Research](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/ai-based-detection-of-coliform-colonies-using-cnn-transfer-learning-for-application-to-cultured-plate-analysis-in-water-quality-research-2/) - Shivaji Mallela1, Abria Gates1, Sutanu Bhattacharya1, Benedict Okeke2 and Olcay Kursun1* 1Department of Computer Science and Computer Information Systems, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, USA 2Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, USA *Corresponding author: Olcay Kursun, 310F Goodwyn Hall, 7400 East Dr, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, USA, Phone:
- [Immunomodulatory Biomaterials Enhancing Implant Osseointegration: Knowledge Mapping of Research Evolution from March 2005 to March 2025](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/immunomodulatory-biomaterials-enhancing-implant-osseointegration-knowledge-mapping-of-research-evolution-from-march-2005-to-march-2025-2/) - Li Yue1* and Liu Geng1 1Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Nankai University Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Functional Reconstruction, Tianjin 300041, China *Corresponding author : Li Yue, E-mail : liyue280049522{at}163.com, Tel : +86 176 2289 2340 bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.29.656932 Posted: June 01, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0,
- [iSCORE-PD: an isogenic stem cell collection to research Parkinson’s Disease](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/iscore-pd-an-isogenic-stem-cell-collection-to-research-parkinsons-disease-2/) - Oriol Busquets12313, Hanqin Li34513, Khaja Mohieddin Syed3413, Pilar Alvarez Jerez6713, Jesse Dunnack3413, Riana Lo Bu13, Yogendra Verma34, Gabriella R. Pangilinan34, Annika Martin4, Jannes Straub34, YuXin Du34, Vivien M. Simon4, Steven Poser13, Zipporiah Bush38, Jessica Diaz13, Atehsa Sahagun349, Jianpu Gao4, Samantha Hong6, Dena G. Hernandez10, Kristin S. Levine6, Ezgi O. Booth34, Marco Blanchette11, Helen S. Bateup34912,
- [Research advance: Unexpected plasticity in the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/research-advance-unexpected-plasticity-in-the-life-cycle-of-trypanosoma-brucei-2/) - Carina Praisler1ⴕ, Jaime N. Lisack1ⴕ, Anna Sophie Kreis1, Laura Hauf1, Johanna Krenzer1, Fabian Imdahl2 and Markus Engstler1* 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universitaet, Wuerzburg, Germany 2Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Wuerzburg, Germany *for correspondence: markus.engstler{at}biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.08.20.671235 Posted: August 25, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: ⴕ These authors contributed equally to the work Abstract We have previously shown that the slender
- [Revealing the Paper Mill Iceberg: AI-Based Screening of Cancer Research Publications](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/revealing-the-paper-mill-iceberg-ai-based-screening-of-cancer-research-publications-2/) - Baptiste Scancar1, Jennifer A. Byrne23, David Causeur1 and Adrian G. Barnett4* 1IRMAR UMR 6625 CNRS, L’Institut Agro, Rennes, France 2NSW Health Statewide Biobank, NSW Health Pathology, Camperdown, Australia 3School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia 4School of Public Health & Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia *Corresponding author;
- [Tomato Omics Research: Mapping Bibliometric Footprints of Global Research Trends, Collaboration Networks, and Impact Trajectories](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/tomato-omics-research-mapping-bibliometric-footprints-of-global-research-trends-collaboration-networks-and-impact-trajectories-2/) - Ratna Prabha1, Amrender Kumar1, Renu2 and Dhananjaya Pratap Singh3* 1Agricultural Knowledge Management Unit (AKMU), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012 INDIA 2Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi 110 001 INDIA 3ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221 305, INDIA *Corresponding author: email- dpsfarm{at}rediffmail.com bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.17.649284 Posted: April 22, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is
- [STELLA: Self-Evolving LLM Agent for Biomedical Research](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/stella-self-evolving-llm-agent-for-biomedical-research-2/) - Ruofan Jin, Zaixi Zhang, Mengdi Wang, Le Cong 1Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA 2Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA †Corresponding author: zz8680{at}princeton.edu bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.01.662467 Posted: July 05, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: * Co-first authors Abstract The rapid growth of biomedical data, tools, and literature has created a fragmented research landscape that outpaces human expertise. While AI agents offer a solution, they typically rely on static, manually-curated toolsets,
- [A pathway to next-generation mast cell stabilizers identified through the novel Phytomedical Analytics for Research Optimization at Scale data platform](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/a-pathway-to-next-generation-mast-cell-stabilizers-identified-through-the-novel-phytomedical-analytics-for-research-optimization-at-scale-data-platform-2/) - C. Jansen1*, B.G. Rice12*, B. Wooton12*, J. Howard12, S. Elmasri3, T. Rivera1, L.M.N. Shimoda1, A.J. Stokes4, C.N. Adra5, A.L. Small-Howard6 and H. Turner12# 1Laboratory of Pharmacology and Analytics, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai’i 2Data Analytics Research Team, UN CIFAL Honolulu, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai’i 3Undergraduate Program in Biology, , Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai’i 4Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A.
- [Disequilibrium in Gender Ratios among Authors who Contributed Equally](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/disequilibrium-in-gender-ratios-among-authors-who-contributed-equally-2/) - Nichole A. Broderick1 and Arturo Casadevall2 1Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 2Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD Address correspondence to either: Nichole A. Broderick, University of Connecticut, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, 91 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3125, Biology/Physics Building 304 Storrs,
- [Enhancing reproducibility and decentralization in single cell research with biocytometry](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/enhancing-reproducibility-and-decentralization-in-single-cell-research-with-biocytometry/) - Pavel Fikar, Laura Alvarez, Laura Berne, Martin Cienciala, Christopher Kan, Hynek Kasl, Mona Luo, Zuzana Novackova, Sheyla Ordonez, Zuzana Sramkova, Monika Holubova, Daniel Lysak, Lyndsay Avery, Andres A. Caro, Roslyn N. Crowder, Laura A. Diaz-Martinez, David W. Donley, Rebecca R. Giorno, Irene K. Guttilla Reed, Lori L. Hensley, Kristen C. Johnson, Paul Kim, Audrey Y.
- [A new NHGRI Sample Repository for Human Genetic Research collection of induced pluripotent stem cell lines](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/a-new-nhgri-sample-repository-for-human-genetic-research-collection-of-induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-lines-2/) - Tatyana Pozner1, Christine Grandizio1, Matthew W Mitchell1, Nahid Turan1 and Laura Scheinfeldt1* 1Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08003, USA *Corresponding author: email: lscheinfeldt{at}coriell.org bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.08.05.668740 Posted: August 12, 2025, Version 2 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract We describe here a new NHGRI Sample Repository for Human
- [Knowledge and attitude regarding stem cell research and its application among medical students in Pakistan](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/knowledge-and-attitude-regarding-stem-cell-research-and-its-application-among-medical-students-in-pakistan-2/) - Mashal Daud1*&, Zaina Sajid1& and Tooba Ali1& 1Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan *Corresponding author: E-mail: mashal08{at}gmail.com (MD) bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.24.264838 Posted: August 24, 2020, Version 1 Copyright: & These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract Background The utilization of stem cells (SCs) has led the way into a new era of therapeutics known as regenerative medicine. Their renewal property offers exciting possibilities in reversing
- [Do Large Language Models Have a Personality? A Psychometric Evaluation with Implications for Clinical Medicine and Mental Health AI](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/do-large-language-models-have-a-personality-a-psychometric-evaluation-with-implications-for-clinical-medicine-and-mental-health-ai/) - Thomas F Heston, MD12† and Justin Gillette2 1Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA 2Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA †Corresponding Author: Thomas F. Heston, MD, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, Washington,
- [A data management system for precision medicine](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/a-data-management-system-for-precision-medicine/) - John J. L. Jacobs1*, Inés Beekers1, Inge Verkouter1, Levi B. Richards1, Alexandra Vegelien12, Lizan D. Bloemsma3, Vera A. M. C. Bongaerts4, Jacqueline Cloos5, Frederik Erkens6, Patrycja Gradowska7, Simon Hort6, Michael Hudecek8, Manel Juan91011, Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee3, Sergio Navarro Velázquez910, Lok Lam Ngai5, Qasim A Rafiq12, Carmen Sanges8, Jesse Tettero5, Hendrikus J. A. van
- [Tailored Food is Medicine Programs as an effective approach to address dietary intake and blood pressure among rural and urban adults](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/tailored-food-is-medicine-programs-as-an-effective-approach-to-address-dietary-intake-and-blood-pressure-among-rural-and-urban-adults/) - Alison Gustafson, PhD, MPH, RD1*, Carolyn Lauckner, PhD2, Joshua Bush, PhD3, Christa Mayfield, MS1, Emily Dimond, MPH, RD4, Carolina Morales, MS, RD4 and Elizabeth T. Anderson Steeves, PhD, RD4 1Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky 2Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine 3Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, College of
- [Impact of Traditional Korean Medicine Use on Medical Cost in Patients with Cancer in Korea: A Cross-Sectional Analysis](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/impact-of-traditional-korean-medicine-use-on-medical-cost-in-patients-with-cancer-in-korea-a-cross-sectional-analysis/) - Ji-eun Yu1, Hui-Yong Kwak2, Eunji Ahn3 and Dongsu Kim3* 1Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, the School of TKM, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea 2Haneum Neuropsychiatry Clinic of Korean Medicine, 29, Dongmak-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, South Korea 3College of TKM, Dongshin University, Jeollanam-do, Naju city, 58245, South Korea *Corresponding author : Dongsu Kim, MD (DKM), PhD,m College of
- [Reliable machine learning models in genomic medicine using conformal prediction](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/reliable-machine-learning-models-in-genomic-medicine-using-conformal-prediction/) - Christina Papangelou1, Konstantinos Kyriakidis2, Pantelis Natsiavas3, Ioanna Chouvarda1 and Andigoni Malousi1* 1School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, GREECE 2Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, 95060, California, USA 3Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, 57001, Thessaloniki, GREECE *Corresponding author; email: andigoni{at}auth.gr medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.09.24312995 Posted: September 19, 2024, Version 2 Copyright: This pre-print
- [Breaking Barriers to Universal Health Coverage: Insights from Georgia’s Chronic Disease Medicine Program](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/breaking-barriers-to-universal-health-coverage-insights-from-georgias-chronic-disease-medicine-program/) - Alisa Tsuladzea*, Akaki Zoidzeba, Nino Kotrikadzea, Janina Staukec and George Gotsadzeab aCuratio International Foundation, Tbilisi, Georgia; bSchool of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia; cRobert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; *Corresponding author: Alisa Tsuladze Email: Tsuladze.alisa{at}gmail.com medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.25323038 Posted: March 04, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described
- [Performance of blood biomarkers in internal jugular vein for Alzheimer disease pathologies: the Delta Study](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/performance-of-blood-biomarkers-in-internal-jugular-vein-for-alzheimer-disease-pathologies-the-delta-study/) - Jun Wang, Ph.D.12#, Dong-Yu Fan, Ph.D.12#, Shan Huang, Ph.D.12#, Chang Liu, B.S.3, Pei-Wen Zhao, M.D.12, Nan Wu, M.D.12, Xiao-Lin Gao, M.D.12, Qing-Zhi Wang, Ph.D.4, Yanli Li, Ph.D.5, Bai Liu, M.D.12, Yuan-Ye Ma, M.D.12, Rong-Chang Zhao, M.D.12, Yu-Peng Zhu, M.D.12, Qiong-Yan Li, M.D.12, Xiao-Yu Liu, M.D.12, Xiao Chen, Ph.D.6, Yu-Jie Lai, Ph.D.12, Fan Zeng, Ph.D.12, Yu-Hui
- [Control, Fludrocortisone or Midodrine for the treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension (CONFORM-OH): Results from an internal pilot randomised controlled trial](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/control-fludrocortisone-or-midodrine-for-the-treatment-of-orthostatic-hypotension-conform-oh-results-from-an-internal-pilot-randomised-controlled-trial/) - Helen Mossop1, Sarah Al-Ashmori1, Tumi Sotire2, Emma Clark3, Gillian Watson3, Miles D Witham45, Luke Vale2, Naomi McGregor3, Julia Phillipson3, James M. S. Wason1, Alison J. Yarnall67, Steve Parry7, Helen Hancock3, Rose Anne Kenny8 and James Frith17* 1Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK 2Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK 3Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK 4AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research
- [Efficacy and Safety of Substance-Based Therapies in Anthroposophical Medicine: A Systematic Review](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/efficacy-and-safety-of-substance-based-therapies-in-anthroposophical-medicine-a-systematic-review/) - Daniel Savran1$, Nikolas Reisecker1, Fiona Tinnefeld1, Justin Oosterlee2, Patrick Tauber1, Jan Zourek1, Birgit Heller3, Caroline Reitbrecht3, Anita Rieder4, Jutta Hübner5, Edzard Ernst6, Harald H. Sitte17* and Maria de la Cruz Gomez Pellin8 1Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 2Medical University of Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology 3University Library, Scientific Searching Service, Medical University of
- [Artificial Intelligence-Powered Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/artificial-intelligence-powered-precision-medicine-for-cardiovascular-disease-prevention-and-management/) - Yudi Kurniawan Budi Susilo1*, Shamima Abdul Rahman2, Kapil Amgain3 and Dewi Yuliana4 1Faculty of Business and Technology, University of Cyberjaya, 63000 Cyberjaya Selangor, Malaysia 2Graduate Research School, University of Cyberjaya, 63000 Cyberjaya Selangor, Malaysia 3Department of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Biology, Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, Nepal 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia *Corresponding Author Email: yudi299{at}gmail.com,
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- [AENEAS Project: Machine Vision-Based Real-Time Anatomy Detection. Application to the Pterional Trans-Sylvian Approach](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/aeneas-project-machine-vision-based-real-time-anatomy-detection-application-to-the-pterional-trans-sylvian-approach/) - S Olei1, G Sarwin2, VE Staartjes1, L Zanuttini3, S Ryu4, L Regli1, E Konukoglu2 and C Serra1* 1Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Clinical Neuroscience Centre, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 2Computer Vision Lab (CVL), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 3Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy 4Department of Neurosurgery, Daejeon Eulji
- [Multi-omics time-series analysis in microbiome research: a systematic review](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/multi-omics-time-series-analysis-in-microbiome-research-a-systematic-review/) - Moiz Khan Sherwani1*, Matti O. Ruuskanen2*, Dylan Feldner-Busztin3, Panos Nisantzis Firbas3, Gergely Boza4, Ágnes Móréh4, Tuomas Borman2, Pande Putu Erawijantari2, István Scheuring4, Shyam Gopalakrishnan1 and Leo Lahti2 1Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 2Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland 3Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal 4HUN-REN, Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary *Corresponding
- [A Congenic C57BL/6 rd1 Mouse Model for Retinal Degeneration Research](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/a-congenic-c57bl-6-rd1-mouse-model-for-retinal-degeneration-research/) - Laurel C. Chandler13*, Apolonia Gardner123* and Constance L. Cepko13† 1Departments of Genetics and Ophthalmology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 2Virology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 3Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 Correspondence should be addressed to C.L.C. (cepko{at}genetics.med.harvard.edu), Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston MA 02115,
- [Bridging laboratory and field research: method adjustments to manipulate field-derived Aedes aegypti](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/bridging-laboratory-and-field-research-method-adjustments-to-manipulate-field-derived-aedes-aegypti/) - Yanouk Epelboin12*, Leonardo Daniel Ortega-Lopez1*#, Emilie Balthazar1, Alaïs Cornement3, Amandine Guidez3, Isabelle Dusfour3 and Mathilde Gendrin12@ 1Microbiota of Insect Vectors Group Institut Pasteur de la Guyane Cayenne French Guiana 2lnserm, UA17, Santé des Populations en Amazonie, Cayenne, French Guiana 3Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana @Correspondence should be sent to mathilde.gendrin{at}pasteur.fr # Population and Research Group. School of
- [AI-Based Detection of Coliform Colonies Using CNN Transfer Learning for Application to Cultured Plate Analysis in Water Quality Research](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/ai-based-detection-of-coliform-colonies-using-cnn-transfer-learning-for-application-to-cultured-plate-analysis-in-water-quality-research/) - Shivaji Mallela1, Abria Gates1, Sutanu Bhattacharya1, Benedict Okeke2 and Olcay Kursun1* 1Department of Computer Science and Computer Information Systems, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, USA 2Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, USA *Corresponding author: Olcay Kursun, 310F Goodwyn Hall, 7400 East Dr, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, USA, Phone:
- [Immunomodulatory Biomaterials Enhancing Implant Osseointegration: Knowledge Mapping of Research Evolution from March 2005 to March 2025](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/immunomodulatory-biomaterials-enhancing-implant-osseointegration-knowledge-mapping-of-research-evolution-from-march-2005-to-march-2025/) - Li Yue1* and Liu Geng1 1Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Nankai University Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Functional Reconstruction, Tianjin 300041, China *Corresponding author : Li Yue, E-mail : liyue280049522{at}163.com, Tel : +86 176 2289 2340 bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.29.656932 Posted: June 01, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0,
- [iSCORE-PD: an isogenic stem cell collection to research Parkinson’s Disease](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/iscore-pd-an-isogenic-stem-cell-collection-to-research-parkinsons-disease/) - Oriol Busquets12313, Hanqin Li34513, Khaja MohieddinSyed3413, PilarAlvarezJerez6713, JesseDunnack3413, Riana Lo Bu13, Yogendra Verma34, Gabriella R. Pangilinan34, Annika Martin4, Jannes Straub34, YuXin Du34, Vivien M. Simon4, Steven Poser13, Zipporiah Bush38, Jessica Diaz13, Atehsa Sahagun349, Jianpu Gao4, Samantha Hong6, Dena G. Hernandez10, Kristin S. Levine6, Ezgi O. Booth34, Marco Blanchette11, Helen S. Bateup34912, Donald C. Rio34, Cornelis Blauwendraat610, Dirk Hockemeyer34512* and Frank Soldner1238*14 1Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1410
- [Research advance: Unexpected plasticity in the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/research-advance-unexpected-plasticity-in-the-life-cycle-of-trypanosoma-brucei/) - Carina Praisler1, Jaime N. Lisack1, Anna Sophie Kreis1, Laura Hauf1, Johanna Krenzer1, Fabian Imdahl2 and Markus Engstler1* 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universitaet, Wuerzburg, Germany 2Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Wuerzburg, Germany *for correspondence: markus.engstler{at}biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.08.20.671235 Posted: August 25, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: These authors contributed equally to the work Abstract We have previously shown that the slender
- [Revealing the Paper Mill Iceberg: AI-Based Screening of Cancer Research Publications](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/revealing-the-paper-mill-iceberg-ai-based-screening-of-cancer-research-publications/) - Baptiste Scancar1, Jennifer A. Byrne23, David Causeur1 and Adrian G. Barnett4* 1IRMAR UMR 6625 CNRS, L’Institut Agro, Rennes, France 2NSW Health Statewide Biobank, NSW Health Pathology, Camperdown, Australia 3School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia 4School of Public Health & Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia *Corresponding author;
- [Tomato Omics Research: Mapping Bibliometric Footprints of Global Research Trends, Collaboration Networks, and Impact Trajectories](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/tomato-omics-research-mapping-bibliometric-footprints-of-global-research-trends-collaboration-networks-and-impact-trajectories/) - Ratna Prabha1, Amrender Kumar1, Renu2 and Dhananjaya Pratap Singh3* 1Agricultural Knowledge Management Unit (AKMU), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012 INDIA 2Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi 110 001 INDIA 3ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221 305, INDIA *Corresponding author: email- dpsfarm{at}rediffmail.com bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.17.649284 Posted: April 22, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available
- [STELLA: Self-Evolving LLM Agent for Biomedical Research](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/stella-self-evolving-llm-agent-for-biomedical-research/) - Ruofan Jin1*, Zaixi Zhang1*†, Mengdi Wang1 and Le Cong2 1Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA 2Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA †Corresponding author: zz8680{at}princeton.edu bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.01.662467 Posted: July 05, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: * Co-first authors Abstract The rapid growth of biomedical data, tools, and literature has created a fragmented research landscape that outpaces human expertise. While AI agents offer a solution, they typically rely
- [A pathway to next-generation mast cell stabilizers identified through the novel Phytomedical Analytics for Research Optimization at Scale data platform](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/a-pathway-to-next-generation-mast-cell-stabilizers-identified-through-the-novel-phytomedical-analytics-for-research-optimization-at-scale-data-platform/) - C. Jansen1*, B.G. Rice12*, B. Wooton12*, J. Howard12, S. Elmasri3, T. Rivera1, L.M.N. Shimoda1, A.J. Stokes4, C.N. Adra5, A.L. Small-Howard6 and H. Turner12# 1Laboratory of Pharmacology and Analytics, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai’i 2Data Analytics Research Team, UN CIFAL Honolulu, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai’i 3Undergraduate Program in Biology, , Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai’i 4Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John
- [Disequilibrium in Gender Ratios among Authors who Contributed Equally](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/disequilibrium-in-gender-ratios-among-authors-who-contributed-equally/) - Nichole A. Broderick1 and Arturo Casadevall2 1Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 2Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD Address correspondence to either: Nichole A. Broderick, University of Connecticut, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, 91 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3125, Biology/Physics Building 304 Storrs,
- [A new NHGRI Sample Repository for Human Genetic Research collection of induced pluripotent stem cell lines](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/a-new-nhgri-sample-repository-for-human-genetic-research-collection-of-induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-lines/) - Tatyana Pozner1, Christine Grandizio1, Matthew W Mitchell1, Nahid Turan1 and Laura Scheinfeldt1* 1Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08003, USA *Corresponding author: email: lscheinfeldt{at}coriell.org bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.08.05.668740 Posted: August 12, 2025, Version 2 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract We describe here a new NHGRI Sample Repository for Human
- [Knowledge and attitude regarding stem cell research and its application among medical students in Pakistan](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/knowledge-and-attitude-regarding-stem-cell-research-and-its-application-among-medical-students-in-pakistan/) - Mashal Daud1, Zaina Sajid1& and Tooba Ali1& 1Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan *Corresponding author: E-mail: mashal08{at}gmail.com (MD) bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.24.264838 Posted: August 24, 2020, Version 1 Copyright: & These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract Background The utilization of stem cells (SCs) has led the way into a new era of therapeutics known as regenerative medicine. Their renewal property offers exciting possibilities in
- [Environmental Risks and Agricultural Commodities](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/environmental-risks-and-agricultural-commodities/) - Kaveh Moradi Dezfouli Merrimack College Thomas J. Walker Concordia University As natural disasters are expected to increase both in severity and frequency, their impact on agricultural commodities and the food supply chain is likely to rise in tandem. We use a unique data set of natural disasters that occurred globally between 1970 and 2015 and
- [An International, Cross-Sectional Survey of Cardiology Researchers and Clinicians: Perceptions of Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/an-international-cross-sectional-survey-of-cardiology-researchers-and-clinicians-perceptions-of-complementary-alternative-and-integrative-medicine/) - Jeremy Y. Ng, Mehvish Masood, Sivany Kathir, Holger Cramer doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.23.24310901 Abstract Background Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM) has been increasing in popularity for patients with cardiovascular illnesses. However, little is known about perceptions of CAIM among cardiology researchers and clinicians. In response, this study aimed to assess the practices, perceptions, and attitudes towards CAIM among cardiology researchers and clinicians. Methods An anonymous, digital
- [Levels of evidence supporting recommendations in clinical practice guidelines: meta-epidemiological study](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/levels-of-evidence-supporting-recommendations-in-clinical-practice-guidelines-meta-epidemiological-study/) - Kim Boesen MD PhD,1 Sarah Louise Klingenberg MSc,1 Christian Gluud MD DMSci1,2 1 Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital ─ Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2 Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. Corresponding author Kim Boesen, MD, PhD Kim.boesen@ctu.dk
- [Conversational Artificial Intelligence for Translational Precision Medicine: Integrating Social Determinants of Health, Genomics, and Clinical Data with AI-HOPE-PM](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/conversational-artificial-intelligence-for-translational-precision-medicine-integrating-social-determinants-of-health-genomics-and-clinical-data-with-ai-hope-pm/) - Ei-Wen Yang, Brigette Waldrup, Enrique Velazquez-Villarreal doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.03.28.25324864 Abstract Introduction: Achieving equity in translational precision medicine requires the integration of genomic, clinical, and social determinants of health (SDoH) data to uncover disease mechanisms, personalize treatment, and reduce health disparities. Yet, existing bioinformatics tools are often hindered by fragmented data structures, steep technical barriers, and limited capacity to incorporate SDoH variables-challenges
- [Implementing a context-augmented large language model to guide precision cancer medicine](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/implementing-a-context-augmented-large-language-model-to-guide-precision-cancer-medicine/) - Hyeji Jun, Yutaro Tanaka, Shreya Johri, Filipe LF Carvalho, Alexander C. Jordan, Chris Labaki, Matthew Nagy, Tess A. O’Meara, Theodora Pappa, Erica Maria Pimenta, Eddy Saad, David D Yang, Riaz Gillani, Alok K. Tewari, Brendan Reardon, Eliezer Van Allen doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.09.25327312 Abstract The rapid expansion of molecularly informed therapies in oncology, coupled with evolving regulatory FDA approvals, poses a challenge for oncologists seeking to integrate precision cancer medicine into patient care. Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential for clinical applications, but their reliance on general
- [Implementing a Telemedicine Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents during a Pandemic: The Cleveland Clinic Experience](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/implementing-a-telemedicine-curriculum-for-internal-medicine-residents-during-a-pandemic-the-cleveland-clinic-experience/) - David J. Savage, Omar Gutierrez, Bryce Montane, Achintya Dinesh Singh, Eric Yudelevich, Jamal Mahar, Andrei Brateanu, Lakshmi Khatri, Catherine Fleisher, Stacey Jolly doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.12.20211136 Abstract Introduction Telemedicine is an important element of healthcare. However, until the COVID-19 pandemic, training in telemedicine was not a substantial element of most residency programs. Social distancing measures changed this. The Cleveland Clinic Internal Medicine Residency Program (IMRP) is one of the largest programs in the United States, which made the
- [Factors Associated with Career Ambitions in General Internal Medicine: Insights Into Gender Disparities in Leadership Aspirations](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/factors-associated-with-career-ambitions-in-general-internal-medicine-insights-into-gender-disparities-in-leadership-aspirations/) - Jeanne Moor, Lena Woodtli, Christine Baumgartner, Karolina Kublickiene, Sven Streit, Christa Nater doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.18.25327847 Abstract Background The existence of a “leaky pipeline” in leadership for medicine in Switzerland is apparent: 60% of residents and 51% of attending physicians are women; yet women make up only 32% of senior physicians and 16% of chief physicians. Here, we examined sex-specific and gender-sensitive factors affecting career ambitions for physicians in
- [The HeartMagic prospective observational study protocol – characterizing subtypes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/chemistry/the-heartmagic-prospective-observational-study-protocol-characterizing-subtypes-of-heart-failure-with-preserved-ejection-fraction/) - Philippe Meyer, Angela Rocca, Jaume Banus, Augustin C. Ogier, Costa Georgantas, Pauline Calarnou, Anam Fatima, Jean-Paul Vallée, Jean-François Deux, Aurélien Thomas, Julien Marquis, Pierre Monney, Henri Lu, Jean-Baptiste Ledoux, Cloé Tillier, Lindsey A Crowe, Tamila Abdurashidova, Jonas Richiardi, Roger Hullin,Ruud B. van Heeswijk doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.10.25325567 Abstract Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a life-threatening syndrome with significant morbidity and mortality. While evidence-based drug treatments have effectively reduced morbidity and mortality in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), few therapies have been demonstrated to improve outcomes in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The multifaceted clinical
- [Nanopore sequencing enables highly accurate genotyping and identification of resistance determinants in key nosocomial pathogens](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/chemistry/nanopore-sequencing-enables-highly-accurate-genotyping-and-identification-of-resistance-determinants-in-key-nosocomial-pathogens/) - Hugh Cottingham, Louise M. Judd, Taylor Harshegyi-Hand, Jessica A. Wisniewski, Luke V. Blakeway, Tiffany Hong, Matthew H. Parker, Anton Y. Peleg, Kathryn E. Holt, Jane Hawkey, Nenad Macesic doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.24.25332173 Abstract Whole genome sequencing of bacterial pathogens can positively impact infectious disease management in clinical contexts, both in individual settings and assisting infection prevention efforts. However, logistical issues have often prevented its translation into clinical settings. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platforms are flexible, affordable, and now offer
- [High-resolution multiplexed antibody-omics and interpretable machine learning unveil novel pathogenic mechanisms in kidney transplant rejection](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/high-resolution-multiplexed-antibody-omics-and-interpretable-machine-learning-unveil-novel-pathogenic-mechanisms-in-kidney-transplant-rejection/) - Trirupa Chakraborty, Divya Bhakta, Anushka Saha, Camila Macedo, Daqiang Zhao, Asma Hashim, Kieran Manion, Marisa Abundis, Suhana Nujum Giyaz, Pedro Marcal, Alex Boshart, Aravind Cherukuri, Adriana Zeevi, Jeremy Tilstra, Alok Joglekar, Fadi Lakkis, Diana Metes, Ana Konvalinka, Aniruddh Sarkar, Jishnu Das doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.25.25332230 Abstract Antibody-mediated rejection (AbMR), driven by donor-specific alloantibodies (DSAs), is a major cause of late-stage kidney allograft failure, leading to premature graft loss in over half of affected patients. Despite efforts to link DSA features (e.g., HLA-specific IgG titers) to rejection risk, the immune mechanisms distinguishing DSA+ patients who develop
- [A subset of pro-inflammatory CXCL10+ LILRB2+ macrophages derives from recipient monocytes and drives renal allograft rejection](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/a-subset-of-pro-inflammatory-cxcl10-lilrb2-macrophages-derives-from-recipient-monocytes-and-drives-renal-allograft-rejection/) - Alexis Varin, Jovanne Palvair, Lennie Messager, Jamal Bamoulid, Yacine Benchikh, Jasper Callemeyn, Mélanie Chaintreuil, Ludivine Dal Zuffo, Didier Ducloux, Imane Farhat, Mathieu Legendre, Laurent Martin, Florian Renosi, Xavier Roussel, Thibaut Vaulet, Maarten Naesens, Claire Tinel, View ORCID ProfileBaptiste Lamarthée doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.21.25324260 Abstract In solid organ transplantation, monocytes and macrophages play a cross-cutting role in the rejection process, irrespective of the transplanted tissue and the type of rejection. Here, we integrated multiple single-cell assays (>150,000 cells) with a broad spectrum of blood-derived and renal allograft-derived cells. We observed 6 myeloid cell trajectories
- [The Transformative Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Business Operations: A Comprehensive Review](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/the-transformative-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-business-operations-a-comprehensive-review/) - Author: Jon Carrick The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) from an experimental technology to a fundamental business capability represents one of the most significant transformations in contemporary organizational strategy and operational excellence. As businesses worldwide navigate an increasingly complex digital landscape characterized by rapid technological advancement, evolving customer expectations, and global competition, AI has emerged
- [Scholia Chemistry: access to chemistry in Wikidata](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/chemistry/scholia-chemistry-access-to-chemistry-in-wikidata/) - ScholiaChemistry:accesstochemistryinWikidata Egon L. Willighagen1⋆, Denise Slenter1, Adriano Rutz2, Daniel Mietchen3,4,5, Finn Å. Nielsen6 Department of Translational Genomics, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Netherlands Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland FIZ Karlsruhe — Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure, Germany Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Germany Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and
- [Electronic structure methods for simulating the appliedpotential in semiconductor electrochemistry](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/chemistry/electronic-structure-methods-for-simulating-the-appliedpotential-in-semiconductor-electrochemistry/) - Kayvan Moradia, Marko M. Melandera,∗ aDepartment of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyv¨askyl¨a, P.O. Box 35, Jyv¨askyl¨a,FI-40014, Finland Abstract Semiconductor electrodes (SCEs) play a decisive role in e.g.clean energy conversion technologies but understanding their complex electrochemistry remains an outstanding challenge. Herein, we review electronic structure methods for describing the applied electrode potential in simulations of
- [Artificial Intelligence: Increasing Business Profits at the Cost of Consumer Privacy](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/artificial-intelligence-increasing-business-profits-at-the-cost-of-consumer-privacy/) - Martin S. Bressler Southeastern Oklahoma State University Mark Bressler U.S. Army Medical Service Corps Artificial Intelligence may be the most significant technological breakthrough since the development of computers. The promise of greater efficiency and effectiveness is very appealing, especially as that translates into more profitable businesses. The potential applications appear almost endless, crossingeveryindustry and every
- [Profitable Corporate Sustainability Strategies and Processes Achieve Competitive Advantage in the Construction Industry](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/profitable-corporate-sustainability-strategies-and-processes-achieve-competitive-advantage-in-the-construction-industry/) - Chad Justin Czelusniak-Serviss Walden University Many construction industry leaders are aware of a need for corporate sustainability practices. However, some construction industry managers lack strategies to integrate profitable corporate sustainability practices for competitive advantage. Eight senior/mid-level construction industry managers from eight different construction industry organizations participated in semi structured interviews. Three themes emerged: 1) systems
- [Eco-Design in Products and Services of SMEs: Motivation and Results](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/eco-design-in-products-and-services-of-smes-motivation-and-results/) - Faiza Khoja UniversityofCentralWashington Ralph Kauffman University of Houston-Downtown Jeffery Adams Roosevelt University Mikayel Yegiyan University of Houston-Downtown This research study examines the direct influence of customer preference and the potential moderating influence of laws and green purchasing on eco-design of products/services in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Also studied is the relationship between these variables
- [Exploration of How Polyvagal Theory and Autonomic Nervous System Impact Organizational Performance Through Reduced Employee Turnover and Improved Work Culture](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/exploration-of-how-polyvagal-theory-and-autonomic-nervous-system-impact-organizational-performance-through-reduced-employee-turnover-and-improved-work-culture/) - Geoffrey Vanderpal PurdueUniversityGlobal Texas A&M University Randy J.Brazie The evolution of corporate practices has made it more challenging for modern workers to remain in their respective roles for long periods, leading to high turnover. Accordingly, the employee turnover problem can be investigated by assessing the factors that encourage employees to shift from the safe and
- [Improve Customer Experience in Automotive Industry Through Advanced Driver Assistant Systems](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/improve-customer-experience-in-automotive-industry-through-advanced-driver-assistant-systems/) - Luca Giraldi UniversityofMacerata This manuscript explores the impact of emerging technologies in the automotive industry, specifically focusing on enhancing the customer experience and driving safety. The study investigates the advantages of incorporating emotion-tracking technologies like facial coding and affective computing algorithms into Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS). A simulated experiment involving 20 participants uses facial
- [The Development of Entrepreneurial Marketing](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/the-development-of-entrepreneurial-marketing/) - Jun Yu University of Louisiana Monroe Joyce Zhou University of Louisiana Monroe There has been a growing interest in the area of entrepreneurial marketing. Both conceptual studies and empirical papers have been published at an increasing frequency in the past three decades. However,this research area remains scattered, with various conceptualizations, definitions, and approaches to researching
- [Operations Strategy 4.0 – What Will It Be Like and How Will It Lead to the Ideal of an Integrated Organisation?](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/operations-strategy-4-0-what-will-it-be-like-and-how-will-it-lead-to-the-ideal-of-an-integrated-organisation/) - R. Jayaraman SP Jain Institute of Management and Research Operations Strategy (OS) gained a new perspective after the introduction of the Malcolm Baldrige Model for Business Excellence (MBM), in 1987. Many companies adopted the MBM framework, along with BalancedScoreCards(BSC)andtheAnnualQualityImprovementPlans(AQUIP)methodology,toachieve world class performance through the creation of ‘integrated organisations’ using Quality Operations Strategy (QOS) as a
- [The Differences Between Japanese and Western Strategic Management and the Diffusion of Management Practices in Both Directions](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/the-differences-between-japanese-and-western-strategic-management-and-the-diffusion-of-management-practices-in-both-directions/) - Virpi Mäkinen TurkuUniversityofApplied Sciences Keijo Varis TurkuUniversityofApplied Sciences The study compares Japanese and Western strategic management and other forms of management. The study is based on e-mail interviews with two world-renowned Japanese professors and an American professorwhohaveworkedinJapanforalongtime,andsevenFinnishbusinessleaderswhohaveworked in Japanese or Finnish companies in Japan for a long time. The study provides a concise summary of
- [Dilemmas Faced by Businesses in a Mixed Development Strata Complex: Role of External Environmental Factors](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/dilemmas-faced-by-businesses-in-a-mixed-development-strata-complex-role-of-external-environmental-factors/) - Charu Hurria Victoria University Australian Catholic University Australasian Human Capital Development Centre(AHCDC) This case study is designed to help business students explore the complexities of external environmental factors and their impact on businesses. The case is built around the story of the Italian Forum, a mixed-use development in Leichhardt, an inner west suburb of Sydney
- [Informal Business Practices: Some Early Evidence](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/informal-business-practices-some-early-evidence/) - Andre Dellevoet Universityof Maastricht The paper introduces a new management theory,“InformalBusinessPractices”(IBP),focusingonmicro- level business practices that are informal, illegal, unregulated, or unethical. Evidence for IBPis found in general literature on taxes, shadow economies, corporate governance, accounting, and human resource management.ItalsoreferencestheWorldBank’s‘doingbusiness’indicatorsandenterprisesurveys,further confirmed by a small survey among retired managers in emerging markets. This led to formulating an
- [Does Higher Education Provide the Necessary Skills and Competencies to Succeed in the Job Market and Life?](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/does-higher-education-provide-the-necessary-skills-and-competencies-to-succeed-in-the-job-market-and-life/) - Hershey H. Friedman BrooklynCollege,CUNY James A. Lynch BrooklynCollege,CUNY Chani Mintz BrooklynCollege,CUNY There is a crisis in higher education. One troublesome issue is the sharp drop in higher education enrollments as well as the decline in the number of colleges in the United States. There is evidence that some college degrees are not worth the time
- [Teaching Undergraduate Business Students Data Analytics: Differences Between Male & Female F2F-WEB Students](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/teaching-undergraduate-business-students-data-analytics-differences-between-male-female-f2f-web-students/) - J. Kirk Atkinson WesternKentuckyUniversity Utilizing two class sections at a midwestern, public university, undergraduate students received instruction in basic data analytics concepts using SimNet® preparatory assignments with Microsoft Excel®, additional instructional materials, and analytics projects were assigned. Performance on each of the three analytics projects was measured against performance on the preparatory Excel assignments by
- [World Uncertainty Indices, Financial Markets, and U.S. GDP Growth](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/world-uncertainty-indices-financial-markets-and-u-s-gdp-growth/) - Ujjal Chatterjee UniversityofTrento We investigate whether the world uncertainty indices (Ahir et al. 2022) derived from the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) country reports provide superior forecasting ability for U.S. GDP growth in comparison to stock and bond market indicators. Our hypothesis is that if there is a report of uncertainty in the press, equity and
- [The Financial Data Services Domain: From Taxonomies to Ontologies](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/the-financial-data-services-domain-from-taxonomies-to-ontologies/) - Dario Russo Banca d’Italia Gianluca Mura Banca d’Italia Therearemanydifferenttypesofinstrumentsandhundredsofdifferentmarketsforinvestment,leadingto anextremelylargeandhard-to-defineuniverseoffinancialdata.Therelatedcommercialofferisextremely heterogeneousandcomplex.Inthisscenario,itisdifficulttosourcethemostappropriatefinancialservices providers. In the past, eProcurement mainly focused on using ERP management tools to record and examine previous buying decisions and expenditure data. In recent years, machine learning and artificial intelligence have been applied to procurement workflows, introducing computation of external or third- partyunstructureddatatoachieveahigherlevelofmarketknowledgeanddecisionautomation.Toexploit the
- [REIT Leverage Puzzle](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/reit-leverage-puzzle/) - Pattarake Sarajoti Chulalongkorn University Olgun Fuat Sahin Saint Louis University Real Estate Investment Trusts(REITs)utilizesignificantfinancialleverage,withatypicalREITemploying around40percentofdebtfinancing.Fornon-taxableentitieslikeREITs,theabsenceoftaxbenefitsraises questions about the optimal level of financial leverage. This study explores the effects of leverage on shareholder returns in REITs and provides empirical evidence supporting the trade-off theory of capital structure.OurfindingsindicatethatsomeREITsmayhavereachedtheiroptimalleveloffinancialleverage, beyondwhichthemarginalbenefitdiminishes.Additionally,thestudyrevealsthathighleveragecancreate agencyconflictsbetweenmanagersandshareholders,leadingtoamarketpenaltyonREITswithexcessive financial leverage. Importantly, we also find that
- [The Retirement Plan Dilemma: Who Is Best Prepared for Retirement in Today’s Environment?](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/the-retirement-plan-dilemma-who-is-best-prepared-for-retirement-in-todays-environment/) - Yu Zhang MountSt.Joseph University XunLi NichollsState University Shari Lawrence NichollsStateUniversity Andrea Chiasson Nicholls State University This study examines the factors affecting retirement preparation through employer-sponsored retirement plansusingtheSurveyofConsumerFinances’(SCF)2019data.Varioussocio-economicanddemographic variablesareanalyzedforsignificanceregardingemployeeparticipationinandcontributionstoemployer sponsored retirement plans. Our results indicate that gender, marital status, age, race, financial literacy, risktolerance,inheritanceexpectation, andincomeare allimportantfactorsthataffectplanparticipation rates as well as contribution levels. For minority women, income
- [Investigation and Evaluation of COVID-19 Response by Purdue University of Fort Wayne in Welcoming Back Students](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/investigation-and-evaluation-of-covid-19-response-by-purdue-university-of-fort-wayne-in-welcoming-back-students/) - Daniel H. Boylan Purdue University, Fort Wayne Semir Kostic Purdue University, Fort Wayne This research investigates the success of Purdue University, Fort Wayne’s Campus Kickoff event in the middle of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the planning to minimize the spread and infection. Researchers observedtheattendingstudentpopulation,alongwiththepresenceofthevirusoncampustodeterminethe precautions effectiveness. Purdue University, Fort Wayne committed a normal approach while
- [Anti-Fascist (Antifa) Fallacies: A Primer for Businesses](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/anti-fascist-antifa-fallacies-a-primer-for-businesses/) - Biff Baker Metropolitan State University of Denver This exploratory article is intended to inform the business community about Antifa (anti-fascists); the analysis of Antifa is in three parts: (1) conduct a literature review to provide a better understanding of Capitalism,Marxism,Socialism,Fascism,and Nazism; (2) describe Antifa’s core beliefs per an interview and literature review, and (3) provide
- [Benchmarking the Performance of Asset Management Banks](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/business/benchmarking-the-performance-of-asset-management-banks/) - D.K. MalhotraThomas Jefferson University Rashmi MalhotraSaint Joseph’s University Robert NydickVillanova University This study utilized a data envelopment analysis model to study the performance persistence of 16 asset management institutions. When we evaluate performance based on capital efficiency (or productivity) ratio, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) margin, and return on investment (ROI), we
- [Quantitative genetics of photosynthetic trait variation in maize](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/quantitative-genetics-of-photosynthetic-trait-variation-in-maize/) - Waqar Ali12, Marcin Grzybowski123, J. Vladimir Torres-Rodríguez12, Fangyi Li124, Nikee Shrestha12, Ramesh Kanna Mathivanan6, Gabriel de Bernardeaux24, Khang Hoang2, Ravi V. Mural5, Rebecca L. Roston24, James C. Schnable12* and Seema Sahay24* 1Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA 2Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA 3Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland 4Department of Biochemistry, University of
- [Quantitative genetics of shy-bold behaviour and plastic response to novel predator cues in the cherry shrimp, Neocaridina davidi](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/quantitative-genetics-of-shy-bold-behaviour-and-plastic-response-to-novel-predator-cues-in-the-cherry-shrimp-neocaridina-davidi/) - Alastair J Wilson12, Rosie Rickward1 and Francesca Santostefano1 1Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter (Penryn Campus), Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK 2Corresponding author, a.wilson{at}exeter.ac.uk bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.02.662724 Posted: July 05, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Understanding the genetic basis of behavioural variation among-individuals
- [Population genetics of the endangered narrowly endemic Island Marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus)](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/population-genetics-of-the-endangered-narrowly-endemic-island-marble-butterfly-euchloe-ausonides-insulanus/) - Kara S. Jones1*, Aaron W. Aunins1, Colleen C. Young1, Robin L. Johnson1 and Cheryl L. Morrison1 1U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at Leetown Research Laboratory, 11469 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430 *Corresponding author: Kara S. Jones, ksjones{at}usgs.gov bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.08.652852 Posted: May 14, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17
- [Experimental Genetics Validation of Plasmodium falciparum Gametogenesis Essential Protein 1 (GEP1) as a Transmission Blocking Target](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/experimental-genetics-validation-of-plasmodium-falciparum-gametogenesis-essential-protein-1-gep1-as-a-transmission-blocking-target/) - Frederik Huppertz12, Milagros Siebeck Caturelli1, Lina Lehmann13, Florian Kurth34, Alexander G. Maier2 and Kai Matuschewski1* 1Dept. of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany 2Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia 3Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany 4Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, 242 Lambaréné, Gabon
- [The relationships among alkaloid production, fungal biomass, and host genetics in the Tall Fescue-Epichloë symbiosis](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/the-relationships-among-alkaloid-production-fungal-biomass-and-host-genetics-in-the-tall-fescue-epichloe-symbiosis/) - Darrian R. Talamantes1*, Courtney Phillips2, Carolyn Young3 and Jason G. Wallace145 1Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA 2Center for Applied Genetic Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA 3Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA 4Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA 5Institute of Plant
- [Forward genetics in C. elegans reveals genetic adaptations to polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/forward-genetics-in-c-elegans-reveals-genetic-adaptations-to-polyunsaturated-fatty-acid-deficiency/) - Delaney Kaper1, Uroš Radović1, Per-Olof Bergh2, August Qvist1, Marcus Henricsson2, Jan Borén2 and Marc Pilon1* 1Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 2Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden *Corresponding author: Marc Pilon, Email: marc.pilon{at}cmb.gu.se bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.08.622646 Posted: June 05, 2025, Version 3 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License
- [Development of ENTV reverse genetics system and phenotypic evaluation of rescued virus reveals host-specific replication patterns in mosquitoes](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/development-of-entv-reverse-genetics-system-and-phenotypic-evaluation-of-rescued-virus-reveals-host-specific-replication-patterns-in-mosquitoes/) - Marina Fujii1, Emily N Gallichotte1, Irma Sanchez-Vargas1, Brooke M Enney1, Lauren E Malsick1, Gregory D Ebel1 and Brian J Geiss12* 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA 2School of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA *Corresponding author Name: Brian J Geiss, Location: 1682 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, 80523, Fort Collins, Colorado,
- [Tradeoffs in Modeling Context Dependency in Complex Trait Genetics](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/tradeoffs-in-modeling-context-dependency-in-complex-trait-genetics/) - Eric Weine123, Samuel Pattillo Smith12, Rebecca Kathryn Knowlton4 and Arbel Harpak12+ 1Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin 2Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin 3Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago 4Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin +Correspondence should be addressed to: arbelharpak{at}utexas.edu bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.21.545998 Posted: February
- [Genetics of growth rate in induced pluripotent stem cells](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/genetics-of-growth-rate-in-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells/) - Brian N. Lee1, Henry J. Taylor123, Filippo Cipriani4, Narisu Narisu1, Catherine C. Robertson15, Amy J. Swift1, Neelam Sinha1, Tingfen Yan1, Lori L. Bonnycastle1, Nathan Dale4, Annie Butt4, Hemant Parsaud4, Stefan Semrau4, NYSCF Global Stem Cell Array Team, GENESiPS Consortium, iPSCORE Consortium, Joshua W. Knowles6789, Agnieszka D’Antonio-Chronowska12, Kelly A. Frazer1314, Leslie G. Biesecker1, Scott Noggle4, Michael R. Erdos1, Daniel Paull4, Francis S. Collins1 and and D. Leland Taylor 1Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome
- [Quantitative Genetics of Microbiome Mediated Traits](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/quantitative-genetics-of-microbiome-mediated-traits/) - Bob Week123†, Peter L. Ralph1, Hannah F. Tavalire14, William A. Cresko15* and Brendan J. M. Bohannan1* 1Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 2Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany 3Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany 4Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Advocate Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 5Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon,
- [Generalized Thermodynamic Optimization for Iron and Steel Production Processes: Theoretical Exploration and Application Cases](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/applied-sciences/generalized-thermodynamic-optimization-for-iron-and-steel-production-processes-theoretical-exploration-and-application-cases/) - Lingen Chen 1,2,3,*, Huijun Feng 1,2,3 and Zhihui Xie 1,2,3 Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China; uciqplvtkd@sina.com (H.F.); zhihui-xie@163.com (Z.X.) Military Key Laboratory for Naval Ship Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China College of Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China *Correspondence:
- [Whole genome sequence-based association analysis of African American individuals with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/whole-genome-sequence-based-association-analysis-of-african-american-individuals-with-bipolar-disorder-and-schizophrenia/) - Runjia Li, Sarah A. Gagliano Taliun, Kevin Liao, Matthew Flickinger, Janet L. Sobell, Giulio Genovese, Adam E. Locke, Rebeca Rothwell Chiu, Jonathon LeFaive, Jiongming Wang, Taylor Martins, Sinéad Chapman, Anna Neumann, Robert E. Handsaker, Donna K. Arnett, Kathleen C. Barnes, Eric Boerwinkle, David Braff, Brian E. Cade, Myriam Fornage, Richard A. Gibbs, Karin F. Hoth, Lifang Hou, Charles Kooperberg, Ruth J.F. Loos, Ginger A. Metcalf, Courtney G. Montgomery, Alanna C. Morrison, Zhaohui S. Qin, Susan Redline, Alexander P. Reiner, Stephen S. Rich, Jerome I. Rotter, Kent D. Taylor, Karine A. Viaud-Martinez, NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, Genomic Psychiatry Cohort investigators, Tim B. Bigdeli, Stacey Gabriel, Sebastian Zollner, Albert V. Smith, Goncalo Abecasis, Steve McCarroll, Michele T. Pato, Carlos N. Pato, Michael Boehnke, James Knowles, Hyun Min Kang, Roel A. Ophoff, Jason Ernst, Laura J. Scott Abstract In studies of individuals of primarily European genetic ancestry, common and low-frequency variants and rare coding
- [When paleontology meets genomics: complete mitochondrial genomes of two saber-toothed cats’ species (Felidae: Machairodontinae)](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/when-paleontology-meets-genomics-complete-mitochondrial-genomes-of-two-saber-toothed-cats-species-felidae-machairodontinae/) - Igor Henrique Rodrigues-Oliveira123, Iuri Batista da Silva123, Renan Rodrigues Rocha234, Rafael Augusto Silva Soares23, Fabiano Bezerra Menegídio4, Caroline Garcia5, Rubens Pasa23 and Karine Frehner Kavalco23* 1Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil 2Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Federal University of Viçosa Campus Rio Paranaíba, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, 38810-000, Brazil 3Laboratory of Ecological and
- [Trends and variation in andexanet alfa for the reversal of direct oral anticoagulants in NHS Trusts in England](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/trends-and-variation-in-andexanet-alfa-for-the-reversal-of-direct-oral-anticoagulants-in-nhs-trusts-in-england/) - Abstract Andexanet alfa was recommended by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as an option in the management of major gastrointestinal bleeding in patients taking apixaban or rivaroxaban in May 2021. To assess the uptake of andexanet alfa, we analysed pharmacy stock control data from NHS Trusts in England using the openly
- [Towards smart insulin development bearing rigid syntheticdiboronate chemistry applying de novo Protein Specific Modification](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/chemistry/towards-smart-insulin-development-bearing-rigid-syntheticdiboronate-chemistry-applying-de-novo-protein-specific-modification/) - Dr. Shay Laps* and Prof. Danny H-C Chou* Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes & Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto 94304, USA. *Corresponding authors: shaylaps@stanford.edu ; danychou@stanford.edu Graphical Abstract Abstract Insulin – a hormone, a medication, and protein – is one of the most fascinating and influential molecules ever discovered. Scientific understanding
- [The Species Problem in the Genomic Era: A Review of Conceptual Debates, Microbial Challenges, and Evolving Frameworks](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/the-species-problem-in-the-genomic-era-a-review-of-conceptual-debates-microbial-challenges-and-evolving-frameworks/) - Alistair Vance University of Manchester Abstract The question "What is a species?" remains one of the most fundamental and contentious issues in biology. This review synthesizes the historical evolution of species concepts, focusing on the theoretical and practical conflicts between the Biological Species Concept (BSC) and the Phylogenetic Species Concept (PSC). We examine how the advent
- [The small Canidae from Cuvieri Cave (Quaternary, Pleistocene), Lagoa Santa, eastern Brazil](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/paleontology/the-small-canidae-from-cuvieri-cave-quaternary-pleistocene-lagoa-santa-eastern-brazil/) - Artur Chahud1* 1Laboratory for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo. Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil *E-mail: arturchahud@yahoo.com bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.22.650051 Posted: April 26, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- [The Evolving Concept of the Placebo Effect: From Nuisance Variable to Therapeutic Tool ](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/the-evolving-concept-of-the-placebo-effect-from-nuisance-variable-to-therapeutic-tool/) - Rowan FinchNorthwood University Abstract The placebo effect, once dismissed as a nuisance variable in clinical trials, is now recognized as a genuine and potent psychobiological phenomenon. This comprehensive review traces the evolution of this concept, synthesizing historical, mechanistic, ethical, and clinical research. The paper is structured in three parts. First, it examines the foundation, reviewing
- [StratPal: An R package for creating stratigraphic paleobiology modeling pipelines](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/stratpal-an-r-package-for-creating-stratigraphic-paleobiology-modeling-pipelines/) - Niklas Hohmann*1 and Emilia Jarochowska1 1Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht University, The Netherlands *Corresponding author, Email: N.H.Hohmann{at}uu.nl bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.22.624834 Posted: November 22, 2024, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The fossil record is an important source of information to understand biological
- [Squidly: Enzyme Catalytic Residue Prediction Harnessing a Biology-Informed Contrastive Learning Framework](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/squidly-enzyme-catalytic-residue-prediction-harnessing-a-biology-informed-contrastive-learning-framework/) - William JF Rieger1, Mikael Boden1, Frances Arnold2, Ariane Mora2∗ 1School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Queensland, Cooper Road, 4072, Queensland, Australia 2Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, California Blvd., 91125, California, USA ∗Corresponding author: amora@caltech.edu Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY
- [Simplifying cardiology research abstracts: assessing ChatGPT’s readability and comprehensibility for non-medical audiences](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/medical-research/simplifying-cardiology-research-abstracts-assessing-chatgpts-readability-and-comprehensibility-for-non-medical-audiences/) - Kabir Malkani1*, Zachary Falk1, Ruina Zhang2, Ryan Hughes1, Prianca Tawde1, Melissa Parker1, Griffin P. Collins1, Danielle Maizes1, Alexander Zhao1 and Vinay Kini1 1Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division on Cardiology, New York, NY, United States 2New York University Langone Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York, NY, United States *Corresponding author: Email: ycs9004{at}nyp.org (KM) medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.03.21.25324378 Posted: March 23, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is
- [Reproducibility Policies in Cardiology Journals: The REPLICA Cross-Sectional Study](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/medical-research/reproducibility-policies-in-cardiology-journals-the-replica-cross-sectional-study/) - Lucas Helalabc*, Filipe Ferrarib, Danielle B Ricec, Nadera Ahmadzaid, Becky Skidmorec, Daniel Umpierrebe and David Moherc aDiretoria de Pesquisa, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil bGraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil cCentre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program,
- [Re-analyzed APOL1 kidney data support new ethics of ‘race’](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/re-analyzed-apol1-kidney-data-support-new-ethics-of-race/) - Authors: Cyril O. Burke III1*, Joshua Ray Tanzer2, Leanne M. Burke3 1 Department of Neurology, Brown University Health, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America 2 Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Research Design, and Informatics Core, Brown University Health, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America 3 Cardiovascular Institute, Brown University Health, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of
- [Predicting Morphological Disparities in Sea Urchin Skeleton Growth and Form](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/predicting-morphological-disparities-in-sea-urchin-skeleton-growth-and-form/) - Maria Abou Chakra12*, Miroslav Lovric3 and Jonathon Stone245 1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Department of Evolutionary Theory, Plön, SH 24306, Germany. +19059221312, Fax +494522763-260 2McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada 3McMaster University, Mathematics & Statistics Department, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada 4McMaster University, Origins Institute,
- [Optimization of the prostaglandin F2α receptor for structural biology](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/optimization-of-the-prostaglandin-f2α-receptor-for-structural-biology/) - Marine Salze1, Sébastien Chrétien1, Tegvir S. Boora2, Madalina Macovei1, Eric Barbeau1, Véronique Blais1, Stéphane A. Laporte234 and Martin Audet15* 1Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada 2Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada 3Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada 4Department
- [Opportunities to Address Specialty Care Deserts and the Digital Divide: VA’s Virtual Hub-and-Spoke Cardiology Clinic](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/nursing-research/opportunities-to-address-specialty-care-deserts-and-the-digital-divide-vas-virtual-hub-and-spoke-cardiology-clinic/) - Rebecca Tisdale, MD, MPA123*, Colin Purmal, MD456, Neil Kalwani, MD, MPP123, Alexander Sandhu, MD, MS3, Paul Heidenreich, MD, MS123, Donna Zulman, MD, MS123 and Tanvir Hussain, MD, MBA, MSc, MHS456 1Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 2Center for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), Veterans Health Administration, Menlo Park, CA 3Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford,
- [Occurrence of Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838, (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Quaternary deposits of Lagoa Santa, Brazil](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/paleontology/occurrence-of-anoura-geoffroyi-gray-1838-chiroptera-phyllostomidae-in-quaternary-deposits-of-lagoa-santa-brazil/) - Artur Chahud1* 1Laboratory for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo. Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil *E-mail: arturchahud@yahoo.com bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.30.651513 Posted: May 06, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- [LadybirdBase: a comprehensive biology, ecology and omics resource for ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae)](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/ladybirdbase-a-comprehensive-biology-ecology-and-omics-resource-for-ladybird-beetles-coccinellidae/) - Yi-Fei Sun1, Kun-Yu Yang1, Hao Li1, Yuan-Sen Liang1, Li-Qun Cai1, Jia-Yi Xie1, You-Wen Zhang1, Jia-Yong Liang1, Qian Mou1, Ying-Min Wang1, Dan Chen1, Meng-Xue Qi1, Luis Carlos Ramos Aguila1, Hao-Sen Li*1 and Hong Pang*1 1State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China *Correspondence: Hao-Sen Li: lihaosen3@mail.sysu.edu.cn, Hong Pang: lsshpang@mail.sysu.edu.cn Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- [Identifying Molecular Determinants and Therapeutic Targets in Luminal B Breast Cancer: A Systems Biology Approach](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/identifying-molecular-determinants-and-therapeutic-targets-in-luminal-b-breast-cancer-a-systems-biology-approach/) - Yousef Saeidi1, Masoud Ghorbani1, Ali Najafi2 and Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam1* 1Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2Molecular Biology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author: Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam (Email: mm.genetics{at}gmail.com) bioRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.25.656027 Posted: May 28, 2025, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons
- [Global analysis of crystal energy landscapes: applying the threshold algorithm to molecular crystal structures](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/chemistry/global-analysis-of-crystal-energy-landscapes-applying-the-threshold-algorithm-to-molecular-crystal-structures/) - Shiyue Yang and Graeme M. Day∗ School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom email: G.M.Day@soton.ac.uk Abstract: We describe the implementation of the Monte Carlo threshold algorithm for molecular crystals as a method to provide an estimate of the energy barriers separating crystal structures. By sampling the local energy minima accessible from
- [Generalized Thermodynamic Optimization for Ironand Steel Production Processes: TheoreticalExploration and Application Cases](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/generalized-thermodynamic-optimization-for-ironand-steel-production-processes-theoreticalexploration-and-application-cases/) - Lingen Chen 1,2,3,*, Huijun Feng 1,2,3 and Zhihui Xie 1,2,3 Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China; uciqplvtkd@sina.com (H.F.); zhihui-xie@163.com (Z.X.) Military Key Laboratory for Naval Ship Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China College of Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China *Correspondence:
- [Experimental and Simulation Study on Vibration Transmission Characteristics and Vibration Isolation Effect of a New Floating Raft Vibration Isolation System](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/applied-sciences/experimental-and-simulation-study-on-vibration-transmission-characteristics-and-vibration-isolation-effect-of-a-new-floating-raft-vibration-isolation-system/) - Qichao Xue , Yonghui Wang , Chaoying Wang , Quansheng Hu * , Guangping Zou , Mingtao Chen , Chuan He Posted Date: 9 December 2024 doi: 10.20944/preprints202412.0610.v1 Keywords: transfer function; vibration isolation of floating raft; Isolation effectiveness; vibration level difference; vibration isolator College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University *Correspondence: qshhu2152@hrbeu.edu.cn; Tel.:
- [Experimental and Simulation Study on Vibration Transmission Characteristics and Vibration Isolation Effect of a New Floating Raft Vibration Isolation System](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/applied-sciences/experimental-and-simulation-study-on-vibration-transmission-characteristics-and-vibration-isolation-effect-of-a-new-floating-raft-vibration-isolation-system-2/) - Qichao Xue, Yonghui Wang, Chaoying Wang, Quansheng Hu *, Guangping Zou, Mingtao Chen, Chuan He Abstract In order to improve the vibration isolation effect of the floating raft vibration isolation system, a new experimental platform for floating raft vibration isolation with two stiffnesses was built. First, the mathematical model of the vibration isolation system was
- [Enhancing Secondary School Students’ Attitudes towards Biology through Guided Inquiry-Based Lab Instructions](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/biology/enhancing-secondary-school-students-attitudes-towards-biology-through-guided-inquiry-based-lab-instructions/) - Ashebir Mekonnen Chengere*1, Beyene Bobo Dobo2, Samuel Assefa Zinabu3 and Kedir Woliy Jilo4 1Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia 2Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia, beyeneashl{at}yahoo.co.uk 3School of Education, College of Education, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia, samuelassefa{at}hu.edu.et 4Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Hawassa
- [Enhancing Interventional Cardiology Training: A Porcine Heart-Based Coronary Intervention Simulator](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/medical-research/enhancing-interventional-cardiology-training-a-porcine-heart-based-coronary-intervention-simulator/) - Joerg Reifart, MD1* and Paul Anthony Iaizzo, PhD1 1Visible Heart Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA *Address for Correspondence: Joerg Reifart MD, PhD,Visible Heart Laboratories, University of Minnesota B172 Mayo, MMC195 | 420 Delaware Street S.E.. Minneapolis, MN 55455, Email: reifartpublications@gmail.com Twitter/X handle: @opnaccesscardio medRxiv preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.02.24312944 Posted: September 04, 2024, Version 1 Copyright: This pre-print is available
- [Design and Validation of a New Tilting Rotor VTOL Drone: Structural Optimization, Flight Dynamics and PID Control](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/applied-sciences/design-and-validation-of-a-new-tilting-rotor-vtol-drone-structural-optimization-flight-dynamics-and-pid-control/) - Haixia Gong *,Wei He *,Shuping Hou,Ming Chen,Ziang Yang,Qin Si,Deming Zhao Abstract This study addresses the gap in experimental validation of tilt-rotor vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAVs by developing a novel prototype that integrates fixed-wing and multi-rotor advantages. A dynamic model based on the "X" quadrotor configuration was established, and Euler parameters were employed to
- [Coupling Fault Diagnosis of Bearings Based on Hypergraph Neural Network](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/applied-sciences/energy-research/coupling-fault-diagnosis-of-bearingsbased-on-hypergraph-neural-network/) - Shenglong Wang, Xiaoxuan Jiao *, Bo Jing, Jinxin Pan, Xiangzhen Meng, Yifeng Huang and Shaoting Pei Aeronautics Engineering College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710038, China *Correspondence: jiaoxx_sensor@outlook.com; Tel.: +86-787328 Abstract: Coupling faults that occur simultaneously widely exist in the operation of mechanical equipment, and coupling fault features are formed by nonlinear coupling of multiple
- [Coupling Fault Diagnosis Based on Dynamic Vertex Interpretable Graph Neural Network](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/applied-sciences/coupling-fault-diagnosis-based-on-dynamic-vertex-interpretable-graph-neural-network/) - Shenglong Wang, Bo Jing, Jinxin Pan, Xiangzhen Meng, Yifeng Huang and Xiaoxuan Jiao * Aeronautics Engineering College, Air Force Engineering University Xi'an, 710038, China; phm_wsl@outlook.com *Correspondence: jiaoxx_sensor@outlook.com; Tel.: 787328 Abstract: Mechanical equipment is composed of several parts, the interaction between the parts exists throughout whole life cycle leads to the widespread phenomenon of fault coupling
- [ChatGPT takes the FCPS exam in Internal Medicine](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/chatgpt-takes-the-fcps-exam-in-internal-medicine/) - Hina Qazi, Syed Ahsan Ali, Muhammad Irfan, View ORCID Profile, M. A. Rehman Siddiqui ABSTRACT Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable proficiency in clinical knowledge, encompassing diagnostic medicine, and have been tested on questions related to medical licensing examinations. ChatGPT has recently gained popularity because of its ability to generate human-like responses when presented with exam questions. It has been tested
- [Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Revolutionizing Healthcare Practices and Patient Outcomes](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/artificial-intelligence-in-medicine-revolutionizing-healthcare-practices-and-patient-outcomes/) - Yudi Kurniawan Budi Susilo1*, Shamima Abdul Rahman2, Dewi Yuliana3, Faradiba Abdul Rasyid3 1Faculty of Business and Technology, University of Cyberjaya, 63000 Cyberjaya Selangor, Malaysia 2 Graduate Research School, University of Cyberjaya, 63000 Cyberjaya Selangor, Malaysia 3 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia *Corresponding Author Email: yudi299@gmail.com, Co-author Email: shamima@cyberjaya.edu.my, faradiba.faradiba@umi.ac.id, dewi.yuliana@umi.ac.id Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI)
- [A Fragment Based Approach Towards Curating, Comparing andDeveloping Machine Learning Models Applied in Photochemistry](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/chemistry/a-fragment-based-approach-towards-curating-comparing-anddeveloping-machine-learning-models-applied-in-photochemistry/) - Raúl Pérez-Soto,a,d† Mihai V. Popescu,a† Sabari Kumar,a† Leticia Adao Gomes,b Changyeob Lee,a,c Elijah Shore, a Steven A. Lopez,b* Robert S. Paton,a* and Seonah Kima* a Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA, b Department of Chem- istry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, c Department of Engineering, Korea Aerospace

## Categories

- [Uncategorized](https://modernsciences.org/category/uncategorized/)
- [Nature](https://modernsciences.org/category/nature/) - As grandiose as we might think our civilizations have become, we are but the latest entry in the long chronicle detailing life on Earth. We humans share this planet with fellow organisms whose vast numbers completely tower over our own. We borrowed this planet from its previous inhabitants from eons ago and whose lives were written on the soil-turned-rock on which they were laid to rest. Modern Sciences urges its readers to contemplate our planetary co-inhabitants, both past and present.
- [Health and Body](https://modernsciences.org/category/health-and-body/) - With advancements in understanding the sciences and the instruments with which we study it, our collective knowledge of what happens inside ourselves is a work in constant progress that involves the most skilled medical practitioners and researchers. They must remain vigilant for any new details in understanding how our bodies work, as well as how our environment interacts with it. Here, Modern Sciences explores the latest developments in the fields of genetics, human biology, epidemiology, and much more.
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## Tags

- [tyrannosaurid](https://modernsciences.org/tag/tyrannosaurid/)
- [t. rex](https://modernsciences.org/tag/t-rex/)
- [tyrannosaurus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/tyrannosaurus/)
- [paleontology](https://modernsciences.org/tag/paleontology/)
- [teratophoneus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/teratophoneus/)
- [pack](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pack/)
- [hunting](https://modernsciences.org/tag/hunting/)
- [dinosaur](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dinosaur/)
- [nature](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nature/)
- [virgin](https://modernsciences.org/tag/virgin/)
- [space](https://modernsciences.org/tag/space/)
- [boundary](https://modernsciences.org/tag/boundary/)
- [karman](https://modernsciences.org/tag/karman/)
- [galactic](https://modernsciences.org/tag/galactic/)
- [stratolaunch](https://modernsciences.org/tag/stratolaunch/)
- [roc](https://modernsciences.org/tag/roc/)
- [scaled composites](https://modernsciences.org/tag/scaled-composites/)
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- [nasa](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nasa/)
- [perseverance](https://modernsciences.org/tag/perseverance/)
- [mars](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mars/)
- [ingenuity](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ingenuity/)
- [rover](https://modernsciences.org/tag/rover/)
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- [blue origin](https://modernsciences.org/tag/blue-origin/)
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- [wally funk](https://modernsciences.org/tag/wally-funk/)
- [mercury 13](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mercury-13/)
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- [star](https://modernsciences.org/tag/star/)
- [nebula](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nebula/)
- [carl sagan](https://modernsciences.org/tag/carl-sagan/)
- [jennifer johnson](https://modernsciences.org/tag/jennifer-johnson/)
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- [orchid](https://modernsciences.org/tag/orchid/)
- [pollen](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pollen/)
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- [helium spin-echo](https://modernsciences.org/tag/helium-spin-echo/)
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- [human genome project](https://modernsciences.org/tag/human-genome-project/)
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- [thermal expansion](https://modernsciences.org/tag/thermal-expansion/)
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- [bone wars](https://modernsciences.org/tag/bone-wars/)
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- [carbon](https://modernsciences.org/tag/carbon/)
- [diamond](https://modernsciences.org/tag/diamond/)
- [bird](https://modernsciences.org/tag/bird/)
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- [global warming](https://modernsciences.org/tag/global-warming/)
- [forest fire](https://modernsciences.org/tag/forest-fire/)
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- [animal](https://modernsciences.org/tag/animal/)
- [life](https://modernsciences.org/tag/life/)
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- [bacteria](https://modernsciences.org/tag/bacteria/)
- [e. coli](https://modernsciences.org/tag/e-coli/)
- [pet](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pet/)
- [youtube](https://modernsciences.org/tag/youtube/)
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- [drone](https://modernsciences.org/tag/drone/)
- [prehistory](https://modernsciences.org/tag/prehistory/)
- [conservation](https://modernsciences.org/tag/conservation/)
- [veritasium\](https://modernsciences.org/tag/veritasium/)
- [to scale](https://modernsciences.org/tag/to-scale/)
- [moon](https://modernsciences.org/tag/moon/)
- [beetle](https://modernsciences.org/tag/beetle/)
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- [mental health](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mental-health/)
- [solar system](https://modernsciences.org/tag/solar-system/)
- [planet nine](https://modernsciences.org/tag/planet-nine/)
- [asteroid](https://modernsciences.org/tag/asteroid/)
- [nuclear fusion](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nuclear-fusion/)
- [nuclear fission](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nuclear-fission/)
- [veritasium](https://modernsciences.org/tag/veritasium-2/)
- [plastic](https://modernsciences.org/tag/plastic/)
- [turtle](https://modernsciences.org/tag/turtle/)
- [egg](https://modernsciences.org/tag/egg/)
- [wind turbine](https://modernsciences.org/tag/wind-turbine/)
- [renewable energy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/renewable-energy/)
- [whale](https://modernsciences.org/tag/whale/)
- [egypt](https://modernsciences.org/tag/egypt/)
- [milky way galaxy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/milky-way-galaxy/)
- [galaxy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/galaxy/)
- [denisovan](https://modernsciences.org/tag/denisovan/)
- [philippines](https://modernsciences.org/tag/philippines/)
- [genetics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/genetics/)
- [archaeology](https://modernsciences.org/tag/archaeology/)
- [pbs eons](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pbs-eons/)
- [megalodon](https://modernsciences.org/tag/megalodon/)
- [shark](https://modernsciences.org/tag/shark/)
- [dog](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dog/)
- [geology](https://modernsciences.org/tag/geology/)
- [grand canyon](https://modernsciences.org/tag/grand-canyon/)
- [bandage](https://modernsciences.org/tag/bandage/)
- [james webb space telescope](https://modernsciences.org/tag/james-webb-space-telescope/)
- [hubble space telescope](https://modernsciences.org/tag/hubble-space-telescope/)
- [lagrange point](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lagrange-point/)
- [battery](https://modernsciences.org/tag/battery/)
- [diabetes](https://modernsciences.org/tag/diabetes-2/)
- [hydrogel](https://modernsciences.org/tag/hydrogel/)
- [alcohol](https://modernsciences.org/tag/alcohol/)
- [china](https://modernsciences.org/tag/china/)
- [house](https://modernsciences.org/tag/house/)
- [homo sapiens](https://modernsciences.org/tag/homo-sapiens/)
- [neanderthal](https://modernsciences.org/tag/neanderthal/)
- [sahara](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sahara/)
- [austronesian](https://modernsciences.org/tag/austronesian/)
- [perovskite](https://modernsciences.org/tag/perovskite/)
- [linus tech tips](https://modernsciences.org/tag/linus-tech-tips/)
- [saturn v](https://modernsciences.org/tag/saturn-v/)
- [computer](https://modernsciences.org/tag/computer/)
- [destin sandlin](https://modernsciences.org/tag/destin-sandlin/)
- [smarter every day](https://modernsciences.org/tag/smarter-every-day/)
- [luke talley](https://modernsciences.org/tag/luke-talley/)
- [brown dwarf](https://modernsciences.org/tag/brown-dwarf/)
- [covid-19](https://modernsciences.org/tag/covid-19/)
- [coronavirus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/coronavirus/)
- [supercapacitor](https://modernsciences.org/tag/supercapacitor/)
- [iceland](https://modernsciences.org/tag/iceland/)
- [thylacine](https://modernsciences.org/tag/thylacine/)
- [tasmanian tiger](https://modernsciences.org/tag/tasmanian-tiger/)
- [supervolcano](https://modernsciences.org/tag/supervolcano/)
- [volcano](https://modernsciences.org/tag/volcano/)
- [cancer](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cancer/)
- [biontech](https://modernsciences.org/tag/biontech/)
- [cell](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cell/)
- [cat](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cat/)
- [ancient earth](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ancient-earth/)
- [ceramic](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ceramic/)
- [max phase](https://modernsciences.org/tag/max-phase/)
- [mosasaur](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mosasaur/)
- [western interior seaway](https://modernsciences.org/tag/western-interior-seaway/)
- [gravity](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gravity/)
- [brain](https://modernsciences.org/tag/brain/)
- [alzheimers](https://modernsciences.org/tag/alzheimers/)
- [rhinoceros](https://modernsciences.org/tag/rhinoceros/)
- [inspiration4](https://modernsciences.org/tag/inspiration4/)
- [spacex](https://modernsciences.org/tag/spacex/)
- [3blue1brown](https://modernsciences.org/tag/3blue1brown/)
- [cryptocurrency](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cryptocurrency/)
- [blockchain](https://modernsciences.org/tag/blockchain/)
- [japan](https://modernsciences.org/tag/japan/)
- [dark matter](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dark-matter/)
- [dark energy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dark-energy/)
- [nilered](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nilered/)
- [gold](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gold/)
- [royal institution](https://modernsciences.org/tag/royal-institution/)
- [superconductor](https://modernsciences.org/tag/superconductor/)
- [puffin](https://modernsciences.org/tag/puffin/)
- [DNA](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dna/)
- [nanotechnology](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nanotechnology/)
- [light](https://modernsciences.org/tag/light/)
- [antarctica](https://modernsciences.org/tag/antarctica/)
- [mass extinction](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mass-extinction/)
- [exoplanet](https://modernsciences.org/tag/exoplanet/)
- [comet](https://modernsciences.org/tag/comet/)
- [practical engineering](https://modernsciences.org/tag/practical-engineering/)
- [suez canal](https://modernsciences.org/tag/suez-canal/)
- [canal](https://modernsciences.org/tag/canal/)
- [spinosaurus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/spinosaurus/)
- [chess](https://modernsciences.org/tag/chess/)
- [baby](https://modernsciences.org/tag/baby/)
- [rome](https://modernsciences.org/tag/rome/)
- [pluto](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pluto/)
- [nobel prize](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nobel-prize/)
- [species](https://modernsciences.org/tag/species/)
- [snake](https://modernsciences.org/tag/snake/)
- [electronics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/electronics/)
- [chemistry](https://modernsciences.org/tag/chemistry/)
- [aerogel](https://modernsciences.org/tag/aerogel/)
- [toilet](https://modernsciences.org/tag/toilet/)
- [radio](https://modernsciences.org/tag/radio/)
- [electron](https://modernsciences.org/tag/electron/)
- [christopher columbus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/christopher-columbus/)
- [america](https://modernsciences.org/tag/america/)
- [blood](https://modernsciences.org/tag/blood/)
- [carbon capture](https://modernsciences.org/tag/carbon-capture/)
- [gallium](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gallium/)
- [periodic videos](https://modernsciences.org/tag/periodic-videos/)
- [asteroid belt](https://modernsciences.org/tag/asteroid-belt/)
- [crusades](https://modernsciences.org/tag/crusades/)
- [dragonfly](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dragonfly/)
- [lucy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lucy/)
- [jupiter](https://modernsciences.org/tag/jupiter/)
- [lucy (spacecraft)](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lucy-spacecraft/)
- [mammoth](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mammoth/)
- [mammal](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mammal/)
- [machine learning](https://modernsciences.org/tag/machine-learning/)
- [artificial intelligence](https://modernsciences.org/tag/artificial-intelligence/)
- [power](https://modernsciences.org/tag/power/)
- [ruby](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ruby/)
- [implant](https://modernsciences.org/tag/implant/)
- [eye](https://modernsciences.org/tag/eye/)
- [piezoelectricity](https://modernsciences.org/tag/piezoelectricity/)
- [triboelectricity](https://modernsciences.org/tag/triboelectricity/)
- [scishow](https://modernsciences.org/tag/scishow/)
- [united nations](https://modernsciences.org/tag/united-nations/)
- [mangrove](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mangrove/)
- [genome](https://modernsciences.org/tag/genome/)
- [condor](https://modernsciences.org/tag/condor/)
- [electrochromic](https://modernsciences.org/tag/electrochromic/)
- [smart material](https://modernsciences.org/tag/smart-material/)
- [lacewing](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lacewing/)
- [neuroptera](https://modernsciences.org/tag/neuroptera/)
- [amber](https://modernsciences.org/tag/amber/)
- [curiosity](https://modernsciences.org/tag/curiosity/)
- [glass](https://modernsciences.org/tag/glass/)
- [imaginary number](https://modernsciences.org/tag/imaginary-number/)
- [teamseas](https://modernsciences.org/tag/teamseas/)
- [x-ray](https://modernsciences.org/tag/x-ray/)
- [radiography](https://modernsciences.org/tag/radiography/)
- [desalination](https://modernsciences.org/tag/desalination/)
- [saltwater](https://modernsciences.org/tag/saltwater/)
- [coal](https://modernsciences.org/tag/coal/)
- [greenland](https://modernsciences.org/tag/greenland/)
- [laser](https://modernsciences.org/tag/laser/)
- [gps](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gps/)
- [robot](https://modernsciences.org/tag/robot/)
- [mineral](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mineral/)
- [spinal cord](https://modernsciences.org/tag/spinal-cord/)
- [medicine](https://modernsciences.org/tag/medicine/)
- [tom stanton](https://modernsciences.org/tag/tom-stanton/)
- [helicopter](https://modernsciences.org/tag/helicopter/)
- [robotics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/robotics/)
- [powered exoskeleton](https://modernsciences.org/tag/powered-exoskeleton/)
- [ultrasound](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ultrasound/)
- [cosmic rays](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cosmic-rays/)
- [nanoparticle](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nanoparticle/)
- [ice](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ice/)
- [matter](https://modernsciences.org/tag/matter/)
- [uranium](https://modernsciences.org/tag/uranium/)
- [vaccine](https://modernsciences.org/tag/vaccine/)
- [supersaurus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/supersaurus/)
- [marsupial](https://modernsciences.org/tag/marsupial/)
- [chemical](https://modernsciences.org/tag/chemical/)
- [lithium](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lithium/)
- [HIV](https://modernsciences.org/tag/hiv/)
- [hydrogen](https://modernsciences.org/tag/hydrogen/)
- [fuel](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fuel/)
- [bone](https://modernsciences.org/tag/bone/)
- [white dwarf](https://modernsciences.org/tag/white-dwarf/)
- [polymer](https://modernsciences.org/tag/polymer/)
- [thermoset](https://modernsciences.org/tag/thermoset/)
- [lignin](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lignin/)
- [plant](https://modernsciences.org/tag/plant/)
- [color](https://modernsciences.org/tag/color/)
- [spice](https://modernsciences.org/tag/spice/)
- [salt](https://modernsciences.org/tag/salt/)
- [parker solar probe](https://modernsciences.org/tag/parker-solar-probe/)
- [camera](https://modernsciences.org/tag/camera/)
- [CERN](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cern/)
- [large hadron collider](https://modernsciences.org/tag/large-hadron-collider/)
- [mountain](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mountain/)
- [great oxidation event](https://modernsciences.org/tag/great-oxidation-event/)
- [3d printing](https://modernsciences.org/tag/3d-printing/)
- [Xenobot](https://modernsciences.org/tag/xenobot/)
- [meteorite](https://modernsciences.org/tag/meteorite/)
- [deep dive](https://modernsciences.org/tag/deep-dive/)
- [surgery](https://modernsciences.org/tag/surgery/)
- [iron](https://modernsciences.org/tag/iron/)
- [ammonite](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ammonite/)
- [sensor](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sensor/)
- [biomimicry](https://modernsciences.org/tag/biomimicry/)
- [mimicry](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mimicry/)
- [nicotine](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nicotine/)
- [crystal](https://modernsciences.org/tag/crystal/)
- [graph](https://modernsciences.org/tag/graph/)
- [topology](https://modernsciences.org/tag/topology/)
- [sodium](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sodium/)
- [permafrost](https://modernsciences.org/tag/permafrost/)
- [greenhouse gas](https://modernsciences.org/tag/greenhouse-gas/)
- [solar flare](https://modernsciences.org/tag/solar-flare/)
- [helium](https://modernsciences.org/tag/helium/)
- [MRI](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mri/)
- [pbs space time](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pbs-space-time/)
- [magnet](https://modernsciences.org/tag/magnet/)
- [ichthyosaur](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ichthyosaur/)
- [great dying](https://modernsciences.org/tag/great-dying/)
- [real engineering](https://modernsciences.org/tag/real-engineering/)
- [chitosan](https://modernsciences.org/tag/chitosan/)
- [protein](https://modernsciences.org/tag/protein/)
- [magnetar](https://modernsciences.org/tag/magnetar/)
- [flower](https://modernsciences.org/tag/flower/)
- [electric vehicle](https://modernsciences.org/tag/electric-vehicle/)
- [electrolyte](https://modernsciences.org/tag/electrolyte/)
- [the royal institution](https://modernsciences.org/tag/the-royal-institution/)
- [rocket](https://modernsciences.org/tag/rocket/)
- [squid](https://modernsciences.org/tag/squid/)
- [deep sea](https://modernsciences.org/tag/deep-sea/)
- [biomaterials](https://modernsciences.org/tag/biomaterials/)
- [comedy wildlife photography awards](https://modernsciences.org/tag/comedy-wildlife-photography-awards/)
- [mesopotamia](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mesopotamia/)
- [pollution](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pollution/)
- [crab](https://modernsciences.org/tag/crab/)
- [evolution](https://modernsciences.org/tag/evolution/)
- [paul sutter](https://modernsciences.org/tag/paul-sutter/)
- [universe](https://modernsciences.org/tag/universe/)
- [nerve](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nerve/)
- [muscle](https://modernsciences.org/tag/muscle/)
- [pulsar](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pulsar/)
- [capsule](https://modernsciences.org/tag/capsule/)
- [thermometer](https://modernsciences.org/tag/thermometer/)
- [soft robotics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/soft-robotics/)
- [be smart](https://modernsciences.org/tag/be-smart/)
- [itch](https://modernsciences.org/tag/itch/)
- [sewage](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sewage/)
- [international space station](https://modernsciences.org/tag/international-space-station/)
- [teeth](https://modernsciences.org/tag/teeth/)
- [insect](https://modernsciences.org/tag/insect/)
- [thymus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/thymus/)
- [immune system](https://modernsciences.org/tag/immune-system/)
- [t cell](https://modernsciences.org/tag/t-cell/)
- [coral](https://modernsciences.org/tag/coral/)
- [obesity](https://modernsciences.org/tag/obesity/)
- [lightning](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lightning/)
- [tree](https://modernsciences.org/tag/tree/)
- [electrochemistry](https://modernsciences.org/tag/electrochemistry/)
- [wordle](https://modernsciences.org/tag/wordle/)
- [computer science](https://modernsciences.org/tag/computer-science/)
- [venom](https://modernsciences.org/tag/venom/)
- [spider](https://modernsciences.org/tag/spider/)
- [the conversation](https://modernsciences.org/tag/the-conversation/)
- [glacier](https://modernsciences.org/tag/glacier/)
- [himalayas](https://modernsciences.org/tag/himalayas/)
- [element](https://modernsciences.org/tag/element/)
- [molecule](https://modernsciences.org/tag/molecule/)
- [kurzgesagt](https://modernsciences.org/tag/kurzgesagt/)
- [coffee](https://modernsciences.org/tag/coffee/)
- [caffeine](https://modernsciences.org/tag/caffeine/)
- [cardiovascular](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cardiovascular/)
- [concrete](https://modernsciences.org/tag/concrete/)
- [africa](https://modernsciences.org/tag/africa/)
- [LED](https://modernsciences.org/tag/led/)
- [display](https://modernsciences.org/tag/display/)
- [internet of things](https://modernsciences.org/tag/internet-of-things/)
- [stem cell](https://modernsciences.org/tag/stem-cell/)
- [heart](https://modernsciences.org/tag/heart/)
- [biomedical engineering](https://modernsciences.org/tag/biomedical-engineering/)
- [venus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/venus/)
- [core](https://modernsciences.org/tag/core/)
- [alloy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/alloy/)
- [sulfur](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sulfur/)
- [analog](https://modernsciences.org/tag/analog/)
- [neural network](https://modernsciences.org/tag/neural-network/)
- [sun](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sun/)
- [time](https://modernsciences.org/tag/time/)
- [time dilation](https://modernsciences.org/tag/time-dilation/)
- [fertilizer](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fertilizer/)
- [agriculture](https://modernsciences.org/tag/agriculture/)
- [pterosaur](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pterosaur/)
- [big data](https://modernsciences.org/tag/big-data/)
- [data science](https://modernsciences.org/tag/data-science/)
- [health education](https://modernsciences.org/tag/health-education/)
- [cloud seeding](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cloud-seeding/)
- [arctic](https://modernsciences.org/tag/arctic/)
- [plate tectonics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/plate-tectonics/)
- [bpa](https://modernsciences.org/tag/bpa/)
- [quantum](https://modernsciences.org/tag/quantum/)
- [techquickie](https://modernsciences.org/tag/techquickie/)
- [ethernet](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ethernet/)
- [software](https://modernsciences.org/tag/software/)
- [nature bites](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nature-bites/)
- [lonesome george](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lonesome-george/)
- [pitcher plant](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pitcher-plant/)
- [skin](https://modernsciences.org/tag/skin/)
- [mushroom](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mushroom/)
- [fungi](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fungi/)
- [nubia](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nubia/)
- [ALS](https://modernsciences.org/tag/als/)
- [dialysis](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dialysis/)
- [kidney](https://modernsciences.org/tag/kidney/)
- [taste](https://modernsciences.org/tag/taste/)
- [ovarian cancer](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ovarian-cancer/)
- [dingo](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dingo/)
- [aerospace](https://modernsciences.org/tag/aerospace/)
- [hypersonic](https://modernsciences.org/tag/hypersonic/)
- [disease](https://modernsciences.org/tag/disease/)
- [wood](https://modernsciences.org/tag/wood/)
- [alien](https://modernsciences.org/tag/alien/)
- [food](https://modernsciences.org/tag/food/)
- [standard model](https://modernsciences.org/tag/standard-model/)
- [amoeba](https://modernsciences.org/tag/amoeba/)
- [music](https://modernsciences.org/tag/music/)
- [metaverse](https://modernsciences.org/tag/metaverse/)
- [wolverine](https://modernsciences.org/tag/wolverine/)
- [monkeypox](https://modernsciences.org/tag/monkeypox/)
- [flood](https://modernsciences.org/tag/flood/)
- [hela cell](https://modernsciences.org/tag/hela-cell/)
- [seaweed](https://modernsciences.org/tag/seaweed/)
- [green engineering](https://modernsciences.org/tag/green-engineering/)
- [diet](https://modernsciences.org/tag/diet/)
- [nutrition](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nutrition/)
- [psychedelics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/psychedelics/)
- [prehistoric planet](https://modernsciences.org/tag/prehistoric-planet/)
- [carnotaurus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/carnotaurus/)
- [velociraptor](https://modernsciences.org/tag/velociraptor/)
- [video games](https://modernsciences.org/tag/video-games/)
- [disability](https://modernsciences.org/tag/disability/)
- [FAST](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fast/)
- [minutefood](https://modernsciences.org/tag/minutefood/)
- [asthma](https://modernsciences.org/tag/asthma/)
- [higgs boson](https://modernsciences.org/tag/higgs-boson/)
- [psychology](https://modernsciences.org/tag/psychology/)
- [electricity](https://modernsciences.org/tag/electricity/)
- [marburg virus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/marburg-virus/)
- [ted-ed](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ted-ed/)
- [smartphone](https://modernsciences.org/tag/smartphone/)
- [erosion](https://modernsciences.org/tag/erosion/)
- [polio](https://modernsciences.org/tag/polio/)
- [pbs terra](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pbs-terra/)
- [langya virus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/langya-virus/)
- [el nino](https://modernsciences.org/tag/el-nino/)
- [semiconductor](https://modernsciences.org/tag/semiconductor/)
- [organ](https://modernsciences.org/tag/organ/)
- [aging](https://modernsciences.org/tag/aging/)
- [fly](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fly/)
- [thwaites glacier](https://modernsciences.org/tag/thwaites-glacier/)
- [storm](https://modernsciences.org/tag/storm/)
- [sand](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sand/)
- [civil engineering](https://modernsciences.org/tag/civil-engineering/)
- [voyager](https://modernsciences.org/tag/voyager/)
- [PFAS](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pfas/)
- [mount everest](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mount-everest/)
- [Artemis 1](https://modernsciences.org/tag/artemis-1/)
- [Eureka Prize](https://modernsciences.org/tag/eureka-prize/)
- [drought](https://modernsciences.org/tag/drought/)
- [brown noise](https://modernsciences.org/tag/brown-noise/)
- [sleep](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sleep/)
- [neuroscience](https://modernsciences.org/tag/neuroscience/)
- [atlas pro](https://modernsciences.org/tag/atlas-pro/)
- [automation](https://modernsciences.org/tag/automation/)
- [planning](https://modernsciences.org/tag/planning/)
- [city](https://modernsciences.org/tag/city/)
- [pandemic](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pandemic/)
- [pie](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pie/)
- [scishow space](https://modernsciences.org/tag/scishow-space/)
- [dementia](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dementia/)
- [ant](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ant/)
- [microbe](https://modernsciences.org/tag/microbe/)
- [termite](https://modernsciences.org/tag/termite/)
- [strong force](https://modernsciences.org/tag/strong-force/)
- [lillipilly](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lillipilly/)
- [upokororo](https://modernsciences.org/tag/upokororo/)
- [scientist](https://modernsciences.org/tag/scientist/)
- [louis pasteur](https://modernsciences.org/tag/louis-pasteur/)
- [science history](https://modernsciences.org/tag/science-history/)
- [carbon dating](https://modernsciences.org/tag/carbon-dating/)
- [quantum mechanics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/quantum-mechanics/)
- [chernobyl](https://modernsciences.org/tag/chernobyl/)
- [frog](https://modernsciences.org/tag/frog/)
- [DART](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dart/)
- [qikiqtania](https://modernsciences.org/tag/qikiqtania/)
- [carbon nanoonion](https://modernsciences.org/tag/carbon-nanoonion/)
- [click chemistry](https://modernsciences.org/tag/click-chemistry/)
- [DNA profiling](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dna-profiling/)
- [parkinsons](https://modernsciences.org/tag/parkinsons/)
- [parkinsons disease](https://modernsciences.org/tag/parkinsons-disease/)
- [genetic engineering](https://modernsciences.org/tag/genetic-engineering/)
- [satellite](https://modernsciences.org/tag/satellite/)
- [particle physics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/particle-physics/)
- [nomenclature](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nomenclature/)
- [arthritis](https://modernsciences.org/tag/arthritis/)
- [space tourism](https://modernsciences.org/tag/space-tourism/)
- [omicron](https://modernsciences.org/tag/omicron/)
- [astrophysics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/astrophysics/)
- [wormhole](https://modernsciences.org/tag/wormhole/)
- [radioactivity](https://modernsciences.org/tag/radioactivity/)
- [fourier transform](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fourier-transform/)
- [fast fourier transform](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fast-fourier-transform/)
- [seahorse](https://modernsciences.org/tag/seahorse/)
- [concussion](https://modernsciences.org/tag/concussion-2/)
- [quantum physics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/quantum-physics/)
- [electromagnetism](https://modernsciences.org/tag/electromagnetism/)
- [pathogen](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pathogen/)
- [snow](https://modernsciences.org/tag/snow/)
- [fireworks](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fireworks/)
- [explosives](https://modernsciences.org/tag/explosives/)
- [health monitor](https://modernsciences.org/tag/health-monitor/)
- [firefly](https://modernsciences.org/tag/firefly/)
- [moth light media](https://modernsciences.org/tag/moth-light-media/)
- [cicero](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cicero/)
- [manta ray](https://modernsciences.org/tag/manta-ray/)
- [quantum entanglement](https://modernsciences.org/tag/quantum-entanglement/)
- [mauna loa](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mauna-loa/)
- [desert](https://modernsciences.org/tag/desert/)
- [caribou](https://modernsciences.org/tag/caribou/)
- [polar bear](https://modernsciences.org/tag/polar-bear/)
- [aurora](https://modernsciences.org/tag/aurora/)
- [winter](https://modernsciences.org/tag/winter/)
- [north pole](https://modernsciences.org/tag/north-pole/)
- [magnetic field](https://modernsciences.org/tag/magnetic-field/)
- [reindeer](https://modernsciences.org/tag/reindeer/)
- [exercise](https://modernsciences.org/tag/exercise/)
- [incense](https://modernsciences.org/tag/incense/)
- [goose](https://modernsciences.org/tag/goose/)
- [mistletoe](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mistletoe/)
- [dung beetle](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dung-beetle/)
- [navigation](https://modernsciences.org/tag/navigation/)
- [myrrh](https://modernsciences.org/tag/myrrh/)
- [frankincense](https://modernsciences.org/tag/frankincense/)
- [gamma-ray burst](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gamma-ray-burst/)
- [gamma rays](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gamma-rays/)
- [gamma ray](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gamma-ray/)
- [triceratops](https://modernsciences.org/tag/triceratops/)
- [australopithecus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/australopithecus/)
- [microwave](https://modernsciences.org/tag/microwave/)
- [fetus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fetus/)
- [doomsday clock](https://modernsciences.org/tag/doomsday-clock/)
- [rabbit](https://modernsciences.org/tag/rabbit/)
- [bobbybroccoli](https://modernsciences.org/tag/bobbybroccoli/)
- [alexander ninov](https://modernsciences.org/tag/alexander-ninov/)
- [lenna](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lenna/)
- [journal](https://modernsciences.org/tag/journal/)
- [publishing](https://modernsciences.org/tag/publishing/)
- [emu](https://modernsciences.org/tag/emu/)
- [aviation](https://modernsciences.org/tag/aviation/)
- [ecosystem](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ecosystem/)
- [fish](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fish/)
- [wildfire](https://modernsciences.org/tag/wildfire/)
- [gecko](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gecko/)
- [aerodynamics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/aerodynamics/)
- [food system](https://modernsciences.org/tag/food-system/)
- [chatgpt](https://modernsciences.org/tag/chatgpt/)
- [cybersecurity](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cybersecurity/)
- [information](https://modernsciences.org/tag/information/)
- [pulse](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pulse/)
- [air quality](https://modernsciences.org/tag/air-quality/)
- [invasive species](https://modernsciences.org/tag/invasive-species/)
- [ben g thomas](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ben-g-thomas/)
- [romer's gap](https://modernsciences.org/tag/romers-gap/)
- [james bruton](https://modernsciences.org/tag/james-bruton/)
- [sclerosis](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sclerosis-2/)
- [la nina](https://modernsciences.org/tag/la-nina/)
- [virtual reality](https://modernsciences.org/tag/virtual-reality/)
- [poppy seed](https://modernsciences.org/tag/poppy-seed/)
- [opiate](https://modernsciences.org/tag/opiate/)
- [guest star](https://modernsciences.org/tag/guest-star/)
- [mosquito](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mosquito/)
- [probability](https://modernsciences.org/tag/probability/)
- [amino acid](https://modernsciences.org/tag/amino-acid/)
- [bird flu](https://modernsciences.org/tag/bird-flu/)
- [citizen science](https://modernsciences.org/tag/citizen-science/)
- [amateur science](https://modernsciences.org/tag/amateur-science/)
- [river](https://modernsciences.org/tag/river/)
- [monash university lens](https://modernsciences.org/tag/monash-university-lens/)
- [enzyme](https://modernsciences.org/tag/enzyme/)
- [bioengineering](https://modernsciences.org/tag/bioengineering/)
- [Modern Sciences](https://modernsciences.org/tag/modern-sciences/)
- [Modern Sciences Journal](https://modernsciences.org/tag/modern-sciences-journal/)
- [MS](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ms/)
- [MSJ](https://modernsciences.org/tag/msj/)
- [cyclone](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cyclone/)
- [hurricane](https://modernsciences.org/tag/hurricane/)
- [typhoon](https://modernsciences.org/tag/typhoon/)
- [butterfly effect](https://modernsciences.org/tag/butterfly-effect/)
- [habitable planet](https://modernsciences.org/tag/habitable-planet/)
- [Call for Papers](https://modernsciences.org/tag/call-for-papers/)
- [sense](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sense/)
- [smell](https://modernsciences.org/tag/smell/)
- [nitrogen](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nitrogen/)
- [trace fossil](https://modernsciences.org/tag/trace-fossil/)
- [oregano](https://modernsciences.org/tag/oregano/)
- [copper](https://modernsciences.org/tag/copper/)
- [antimicrobial](https://modernsciences.org/tag/antimicrobial/)
- [valuation](https://modernsciences.org/tag/valuation/)
- [wiring](https://modernsciences.org/tag/wiring/)
- [mathematical model](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mathematical-model/)
- [spreadsheet](https://modernsciences.org/tag/spreadsheet/)
- [mesh](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mesh/)
- [emergency response](https://modernsciences.org/tag/emergency-response/)
- [simulation](https://modernsciences.org/tag/simulation/)
- [lesion](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lesion/)
- [radiodermatitis](https://modernsciences.org/tag/radiodermatitis/)
- [Regenactiv](https://modernsciences.org/tag/regenactiv/)
- [yeast](https://modernsciences.org/tag/yeast/)
- [Saccharomyces exiguus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/saccharomyces-exiguus/)
- [oil spill](https://modernsciences.org/tag/oil-spill/)
- [silicone](https://modernsciences.org/tag/silicone/)
- [tornado](https://modernsciences.org/tag/tornado/)
- [natural selection](https://modernsciences.org/tag/natural-selection/)
- [body language](https://modernsciences.org/tag/body-language/)
- [beethoven](https://modernsciences.org/tag/beethoven/)
- [statistics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/statistics/)
- [normal distribution](https://modernsciences.org/tag/normal-distribution/)
- [catalyst](https://modernsciences.org/tag/catalyst/)
- [embryo](https://modernsciences.org/tag/embryo/)
- [organoid](https://modernsciences.org/tag/organoid/)
- [motion sickness](https://modernsciences.org/tag/motion-sickness/)
- [io](https://modernsciences.org/tag/io/)
- [ganymede](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ganymede/)
- [callisto](https://modernsciences.org/tag/callisto/)
- [europa](https://modernsciences.org/tag/europa/)
- [plesiosaur](https://modernsciences.org/tag/plesiosaur/)
- [strange matter](https://modernsciences.org/tag/strange-matter/)
- [chemical engineering](https://modernsciences.org/tag/chemical-engineering/)
- [device](https://modernsciences.org/tag/device/)
- [pancreatic cancer](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pancreatic-cancer/)
- [rickets](https://modernsciences.org/tag/rickets/)
- [dandelion](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dandelion/)
- [fluid mechanics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fluid-mechanics/)
- [peanut butter](https://modernsciences.org/tag/peanut-butter/)
- [fluid dynamics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fluid-dynamics/)
- [wallace line](https://modernsciences.org/tag/wallace-line/)
- [fast radio burst](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fast-radio-burst/)
- [frb](https://modernsciences.org/tag/frb/)
- [cold water therapy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cold-water-therapy/)
- [GMO](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gmo/)
- [gene editing](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gene-editing/)
- [scent](https://modernsciences.org/tag/scent/)
- [engineer guy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/engineer-guy/)
- [construction](https://modernsciences.org/tag/construction/)
- [architecture](https://modernsciences.org/tag/architecture/)
- [baboon](https://modernsciences.org/tag/baboon/)
- [wolf](https://modernsciences.org/tag/wolf/)
- [consciousness](https://modernsciences.org/tag/consciousness/)
- [farm](https://modernsciences.org/tag/farm/)
- [livestock](https://modernsciences.org/tag/livestock/)
- [mRNA](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mrna/)
- [fitness](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fitness/)
- [sarcopenia](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sarcopenia/)
- [old age](https://modernsciences.org/tag/old-age/)
- [aphantasia](https://modernsciences.org/tag/aphantasia/)
- [lightbulb](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lightbulb/)
- [invention](https://modernsciences.org/tag/invention/)
- [innovation](https://modernsciences.org/tag/innovation/)
- [illusion](https://modernsciences.org/tag/illusion/)
- [portal illusion](https://modernsciences.org/tag/portal-illusion/)
- [moss](https://modernsciences.org/tag/moss/)
- [chaos theory](https://modernsciences.org/tag/chaos-theory/)
- [rock jasmine](https://modernsciences.org/tag/rock-jasmine/)
- [pain](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pain/)
- [soil](https://modernsciences.org/tag/soil/)
- [forest](https://modernsciences.org/tag/forest/)
- [hatzegopteryx](https://modernsciences.org/tag/hatzegopteryx/)
- [freshwater](https://modernsciences.org/tag/freshwater/)
- [lionfish](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lionfish/)
- [health](https://modernsciences.org/tag/health/)
- [beaver](https://modernsciences.org/tag/beaver/)
- [NGC 5068](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ngc-5068/)
- [quasi-moon](https://modernsciences.org/tag/quasi-moon/)
- [SETI](https://modernsciences.org/tag/seti/)
- [extraterrestrial](https://modernsciences.org/tag/extraterrestrial/)
- [long covid](https://modernsciences.org/tag/long-covid/)
- [virgin birth](https://modernsciences.org/tag/virgin-birth/)
- [crocodile](https://modernsciences.org/tag/crocodile/)
- [gamma ray burst](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gamma-ray-burst-2/)
- [GRB](https://modernsciences.org/tag/grb/)
- [hernia](https://modernsciences.org/tag/hernia/)
- [south africa](https://modernsciences.org/tag/south-africa/)
- [biodiversity](https://modernsciences.org/tag/biodiversity/)
- [earth](https://modernsciences.org/tag/earth/)
- [rotation](https://modernsciences.org/tag/rotation/)
- [muscular atrophy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/muscular-atrophy/)
- [spinal muscular atrophy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/spinal-muscular-atrophy/)
- [ankylosaur](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ankylosaur/)
- [oceangate](https://modernsciences.org/tag/oceangate/)
- [titan](https://modernsciences.org/tag/titan/)
- [titanic](https://modernsciences.org/tag/titanic/)
- [submersible](https://modernsciences.org/tag/submersible/)
- [submarine](https://modernsciences.org/tag/submarine/)
- [Migmanychion laiyang](https://modernsciences.org/tag/migmanychion-laiyang/)
- [quantum computer](https://modernsciences.org/tag/quantum-computer/)
- [cheese](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cheese/)
- [milk](https://modernsciences.org/tag/milk/)
- [gut bacteria](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gut-bacteria/)
- [probiotics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/probiotics/)
- [microbiota](https://modernsciences.org/tag/microbiota/)
- [toroidal propeller](https://modernsciences.org/tag/toroidal-propeller/)
- [propeller](https://modernsciences.org/tag/propeller/)
- [deep-sea diving](https://modernsciences.org/tag/deep-sea-diving/)
- [squash bug](https://modernsciences.org/tag/squash-bug/)
- [supermassive black hole](https://modernsciences.org/tag/supermassive-black-hole/)
- [NANOGrav](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nanograv/)
- [optical engineering](https://modernsciences.org/tag/optical-engineering/)
- [Euclid](https://modernsciences.org/tag/euclid/)
- [ESA](https://modernsciences.org/tag/esa/)
- [computer model](https://modernsciences.org/tag/computer-model/)
- [neutrino](https://modernsciences.org/tag/neutrino/)
- [heat dome](https://modernsciences.org/tag/heat-dome/)
- [quasar](https://modernsciences.org/tag/quasar/)
- [space debris](https://modernsciences.org/tag/space-debris/)
- [ice sheet](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ice-sheet/)
- [sports](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sports/)
- [brain trauma](https://modernsciences.org/tag/brain-trauma/)
- [pregnancy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pregnancy/)
- [vaccination](https://modernsciences.org/tag/vaccination/)
- [entropy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/entropy/)
- [thermodynamics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/thermodynamics/)
- [circle](https://modernsciences.org/tag/circle/)
- [drug](https://modernsciences.org/tag/drug/)
- [pharmaceutical](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pharmaceutical/)
- [dam](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dam/)
- [pygmy right whale](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pygmy-right-whale/)
- [caperea marginata](https://modernsciences.org/tag/caperea-marginata/)
- [anthropocene](https://modernsciences.org/tag/anthropocene/)
- [caterpillar](https://modernsciences.org/tag/caterpillar/)
- [puss caterpillar](https://modernsciences.org/tag/puss-caterpillar/)
- [cicada](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cicada/)
- [wind farm](https://modernsciences.org/tag/wind-farm/)
- [lobster](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lobster/)
- [scorpion](https://modernsciences.org/tag/scorpion/)
- [steve mould](https://modernsciences.org/tag/steve-mould/)
- [space-filling curve](https://modernsciences.org/tag/space-filling-curve/)
- [oppenheimer](https://modernsciences.org/tag/oppenheimer/)
- [apple](https://modernsciences.org/tag/apple/)
- [CRISPR](https://modernsciences.org/tag/crispr/)
- [elephant](https://modernsciences.org/tag/elephant/)
- [bleaching](https://modernsciences.org/tag/bleaching/)
- [industrial revolution](https://modernsciences.org/tag/industrial-revolution/)
- [great britain](https://modernsciences.org/tag/great-britain/)
- [keyboard](https://modernsciences.org/tag/keyboard/)
- [sous vide](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sous-vide/)
- [inca](https://modernsciences.org/tag/inca/)
- [machu picchu](https://modernsciences.org/tag/machu-picchu/)
- [information theory](https://modernsciences.org/tag/information-theory/)
- [fragile X syndrome](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fragile-x-syndrome/)
- [monarch butterfly](https://modernsciences.org/tag/monarch-butterfly/)
- [butterfly](https://modernsciences.org/tag/butterfly/)
- [aphid](https://modernsciences.org/tag/aphid/)
- [human embryo](https://modernsciences.org/tag/human-embryo/)
- [pilot whale](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pilot-whale/)
- [horse](https://modernsciences.org/tag/horse/)
- [protoplanetary disk](https://modernsciences.org/tag/protoplanetary-disk/)
- [planet](https://modernsciences.org/tag/planet/)
- [honeypot ant](https://modernsciences.org/tag/honeypot-ant/)
- [greater glider](https://modernsciences.org/tag/greater-glider/)
- [ice cream](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ice-cream/)
- [women](https://modernsciences.org/tag/women/)
- [athletics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/athletics/)
- [curry](https://modernsciences.org/tag/curry/)
- [stand-up maths](https://modernsciences.org/tag/stand-up-maths/)
- [pentagon](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pentagon/)
- [global boiling](https://modernsciences.org/tag/global-boiling/)
- [thermostat](https://modernsciences.org/tag/thermostat/)
- [binary star](https://modernsciences.org/tag/binary-star/)
- [red dwarf](https://modernsciences.org/tag/red-dwarf/)
- [AMOC](https://modernsciences.org/tag/amoc/)
- [heatwave](https://modernsciences.org/tag/heatwave/)
- [forensics](https://modernsciences.org/tag/forensics/)
- [decomposition](https://modernsciences.org/tag/decomposition/)
- [sandwich compound](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sandwich-compound/)
- [sandwich complex](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sandwich-complex/)
- [cyclocene](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cyclocene/)
- [fossil fuel](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fossil-fuel/)
- [voyager 2](https://modernsciences.org/tag/voyager-2/)
- [antikythera](https://modernsciences.org/tag/antikythera/)
- [antikythera mechanism](https://modernsciences.org/tag/antikythera-mechanism/)
- [droplet](https://modernsciences.org/tag/droplet/)
- [microfluidic](https://modernsciences.org/tag/microfluidic/)
- [first contact](https://modernsciences.org/tag/first-contact/)
- [internal combustion engine](https://modernsciences.org/tag/internal-combustion-engine/)
- [engine](https://modernsciences.org/tag/engine/)
- [derivative](https://modernsciences.org/tag/derivative/)
- [calculus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/calculus/)
- [differential calculus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/differential-calculus/)
- [saturn](https://modernsciences.org/tag/saturn/)
- [soap](https://modernsciences.org/tag/soap/)
- [surfactant](https://modernsciences.org/tag/surfactant/)
- [polyethylene](https://modernsciences.org/tag/polyethylene/)
- [wallacea](https://modernsciences.org/tag/wallacea/)
- [heartbreak star](https://modernsciences.org/tag/heartbreak-star/)
- [heartbeat star](https://modernsciences.org/tag/heartbeat-star/)
- [detector](https://modernsciences.org/tag/detector/)
- [ocean current](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ocean-current/)
- [atlantic ocean](https://modernsciences.org/tag/atlantic-ocean/)
- [transplant](https://modernsciences.org/tag/transplant/)
- [florida](https://modernsciences.org/tag/florida/)
- [quanta magazine](https://modernsciences.org/tag/quanta-magazine/)
- [four-color theorem](https://modernsciences.org/tag/four-color-theorem/)
- [graph theory](https://modernsciences.org/tag/graph-theory/)
- [riemann hypothesis](https://modernsciences.org/tag/riemann-hypothesis/)
- [riemann zeta function](https://modernsciences.org/tag/riemann-zeta-function/)
- [prime number](https://modernsciences.org/tag/prime-number/)
- [qubit](https://modernsciences.org/tag/qubit/)
- [psyche](https://modernsciences.org/tag/psyche/)
- [strange metal](https://modernsciences.org/tag/strange-metal/)
- [gender](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gender/)
- [solar panel](https://modernsciences.org/tag/solar-panel/)
- [methane](https://modernsciences.org/tag/methane/)
- [memory](https://modernsciences.org/tag/memory/)
- [bilingual](https://modernsciences.org/tag/bilingual/)
- [worlds in motion](https://modernsciences.org/tag/worlds-in-motion/)
- [speed of light](https://modernsciences.org/tag/speed-of-light/)
- [paleo analysis](https://modernsciences.org/tag/paleo-analysis/)
- [coral reef](https://modernsciences.org/tag/coral-reef/)
- [great barrier reef](https://modernsciences.org/tag/great-barrier-reef/)
- [india](https://modernsciences.org/tag/india/)
- [chandrayaan-3](https://modernsciences.org/tag/chandrayaan-3/)
- [sixty symbols](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sixty-symbols/)
- [integrity](https://modernsciences.org/tag/integrity/)
- [research](https://modernsciences.org/tag/research/)
- [IQ](https://modernsciences.org/tag/iq/)
- [intelligence quotient](https://modernsciences.org/tag/intelligence-quotient/)
- [traffic](https://modernsciences.org/tag/traffic/)
- [kakapo](https://modernsciences.org/tag/kakapo/)
- [endangered species](https://modernsciences.org/tag/endangered-species/)
- [machines](https://modernsciences.org/tag/machines/)
- [caroline herschel](https://modernsciences.org/tag/caroline-herschel/)
- [epilepsy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/epilepsy/)
- [beach](https://modernsciences.org/tag/beach/)
- [the budget museum](https://modernsciences.org/tag/the-budget-museum/)
- [dr. becky](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dr-becky/)
- [ancient human](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ancient-human/)
- [leatherback turtle](https://modernsciences.org/tag/leatherback-turtle/)
- [mummy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mummy/)
- [ransomware](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ransomware/)
- [parasite](https://modernsciences.org/tag/parasite/)
- [knot theory](https://modernsciences.org/tag/knot-theory/)
- [europe](https://modernsciences.org/tag/europe/)
- [doggerland](https://modernsciences.org/tag/doggerland/)
- [airship](https://modernsciences.org/tag/airship/)
- [rayleigh scattering](https://modernsciences.org/tag/rayleigh-scattering/)
- [wavelength](https://modernsciences.org/tag/wavelength/)
- [radiation](https://modernsciences.org/tag/radiation/)
- [scattering](https://modernsciences.org/tag/scattering/)
- [zinc-ion](https://modernsciences.org/tag/zinc-ion/)
- [gene transfer](https://modernsciences.org/tag/gene-transfer/)
- [estuary](https://modernsciences.org/tag/estuary/)
- [psychiatry](https://modernsciences.org/tag/psychiatry/)
- [fear](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fear/)
- [great white shark](https://modernsciences.org/tag/great-white-shark/)
- [standing](https://modernsciences.org/tag/standing/)
- [sitting](https://modernsciences.org/tag/sitting/)
- [morocco](https://modernsciences.org/tag/morocco/)
- [CDC](https://modernsciences.org/tag/cdc/)
- [telescope](https://modernsciences.org/tag/telescope/)
- [moon telescope](https://modernsciences.org/tag/moon-telescope/)
- [metamorphosis](https://modernsciences.org/tag/metamorphosis/)
- [autism](https://modernsciences.org/tag/autism/)
- [botany](https://modernsciences.org/tag/botany/)
- [medicane](https://modernsciences.org/tag/medicane/)
- [mediterranean](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mediterranean/)
- [7 days of science](https://modernsciences.org/tag/7-days-of-science/)
- [x](https://modernsciences.org/tag/x/)
- [algebra](https://modernsciences.org/tag/algebra/)
- [average](https://modernsciences.org/tag/average/)
- [mode](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mode/)
- [quark](https://modernsciences.org/tag/quark/)
- [osiris-rex](https://modernsciences.org/tag/osiris-rex/)
- [bennu](https://modernsciences.org/tag/bennu/)
- [zambia](https://modernsciences.org/tag/zambia/)
- [hominin](https://modernsciences.org/tag/hominin/)
- [carbon footprint](https://modernsciences.org/tag/carbon-footprint/)
- [kelping](https://modernsciences.org/tag/kelping/)
- [kelp](https://modernsciences.org/tag/kelp/)
- [usb-c](https://modernsciences.org/tag/usb-c/)
- [lightning connector](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lightning-connector/)
- [Apple device](https://modernsciences.org/tag/apple-device/)
- [iphone](https://modernsciences.org/tag/iphone/)
- [deja vu](https://modernsciences.org/tag/deja-vu/)
- [jamais vu](https://modernsciences.org/tag/jamais-vu/)
- [metal](https://modernsciences.org/tag/metal/)
- [metal forming](https://modernsciences.org/tag/metal-forming/)
- [metallurgy](https://modernsciences.org/tag/metallurgy/)
- [mole](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mole/)
- [convergent evolution](https://modernsciences.org/tag/convergent-evolution/)
- [refraction](https://modernsciences.org/tag/refraction/)
- [physiology](https://modernsciences.org/tag/physiology/)
- [2023 nobel prize](https://modernsciences.org/tag/2023-nobel-prize/)
- [quantum dot](https://modernsciences.org/tag/quantum-dot/)
- [malaria](https://modernsciences.org/tag/malaria/)
- [supercontinent](https://modernsciences.org/tag/supercontinent/)
- [pangea ultima](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pangea-ultima/)
- [dislocation (materials science)](https://modernsciences.org/tag/dislocation-materials-science/)
- [failure propagation](https://modernsciences.org/tag/failure-propagation/)
- [maiasaura](https://modernsciences.org/tag/maiasaura/)
- [nervous system](https://modernsciences.org/tag/nervous-system/)
- [jellyfish](https://modernsciences.org/tag/jellyfish/)
- [tick](https://modernsciences.org/tag/tick/)
- [startalk](https://modernsciences.org/tag/startalk/)
- [neil degrasse tyson](https://modernsciences.org/tag/neil-degrasse-tyson/)
- [fruit fly](https://modernsciences.org/tag/fruit-fly/)
- [horseshoe crab](https://modernsciences.org/tag/horseshoe-crab/)
- [starlink](https://modernsciences.org/tag/starlink/)
- [interference](https://modernsciences.org/tag/interference/)
- [albert einstein](https://modernsciences.org/tag/albert-einstein/)
- [solar eclipse](https://modernsciences.org/tag/solar-eclipse/)
- [eclipse](https://modernsciences.org/tag/eclipse/)
- [clint's reptiles](https://modernsciences.org/tag/clints-reptiles/)
- [lungs](https://modernsciences.org/tag/lungs/)
- [circadian rhythm](https://modernsciences.org/tag/circadian-rhythm/)
- [Author Spotlight](https://modernsciences.org/tag/author-spotlight/)
- [Haifeng Xiao](https://modernsciences.org/tag/haifeng-xiao/)
- [ginkgo](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ginkgo/)
- [ginkgo biloba](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ginkgo-biloba/)
- [Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai](https://modernsciences.org/tag/hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai/)
- [HT](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ht/)
- [eruption](https://modernsciences.org/tag/eruption/)
- [ozone](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ozone/)
- [ozone layer](https://modernsciences.org/tag/ozone-layer/)
- [indonesia](https://modernsciences.org/tag/indonesia/)
- [habitat](https://modernsciences.org/tag/habitat/)
- [glacial lake](https://modernsciences.org/tag/glacial-lake/)
- [alaska](https://modernsciences.org/tag/alaska/)
- [southern ocean](https://modernsciences.org/tag/southern-ocean/)
- [exploration](https://modernsciences.org/tag/exploration/)
- [deep ocean](https://modernsciences.org/tag/deep-ocean/)
- [mosasaurus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/mosasaurus/)
- [napoleon bonaparte](https://modernsciences.org/tag/napoleon-bonaparte/)
- [the netherlands](https://modernsciences.org/tag/the-netherlands/)
- [JWST](https://modernsciences.org/tag/jwst/)
- [one world trade center](https://modernsciences.org/tag/one-world-trade-center/)
- [antiprism](https://modernsciences.org/tag/antiprism/)
- [prism](https://modernsciences.org/tag/prism/)
- [vox](https://modernsciences.org/tag/vox/)
- [transitional fossil](https://modernsciences.org/tag/transitional-fossil/)
- [tiktaalik](https://modernsciences.org/tag/tiktaalik/)
- [runcaria](https://modernsciences.org/tag/runcaria/)
- [pakicetus](https://modernsciences.org/tag/pakicetus/)
- [archaeopteryx](https://modernsciences.org/tag/archaeopteryx/)
- [language](https://modernsciences.org/tag/language/)
- [human migration](https://modernsciences.org/tag/human-migration/)
- [chimpanzee](https://modernsciences.org/tag/chimpanzee/)

## Research Categories

- [Applied Sciences](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/applied-sciences/) - Disciplines applying scientific knowledge to practical applications.
- [Health Sciences](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/health-sciences/) - Disciplines addressing healthcare delivery and medical research.
- [Humanities](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/humanities/) - Disciplines investigating human constructs, cultures and concerns.
- [Life Sciences](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/life-sciences/) - Disciplines studying living organisms and their environments.
- [Physical Sciences](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/physical-sciences/) - Disciplines studying natural sciences and nonliving materials.
- [Social Sciences](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/social-sciences/) - Disciplines studying human society and interpersonal relationships.
- [Computer Science](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/computer-science/)
- [Energy Research](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/energy-research/)
- [Engineering Research](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/engineering-research/)
- [Medical Research](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/medical-research/)
- [Nursing Research](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/nursing-research/)
- [Pharmaceutical Research](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/pharmaceutical-research/)
- [Public Health](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/public-health/)
- [Chemistry](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/chemistry/)
- [Environmental Science](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/environmental-science/)
- [Education](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/education/)
- [Internal Medicine](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/internal-medicine/)
- [Biology](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/biology/)
- [Paleontology](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/paleontology/)
- [Business](https://modernsciences.org/research-archive/business/)